Antagonism by Clopyralid of Picloram-Induced Ethylene Biosynthesis in Rapeseed Plants

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 957-962
Author(s):  
J. Christopher Hall ◽  
Mira Soni
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acc Conversion ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of clopyralid pretreatment (500 g/ha) on picloram-induced ethylene, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid), and MACC [l-(malonylamino)-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid] was measured in rapeseed plants that were treated with 50 or 100 g/ha of picloram. In contrast to plants that did not receive a clopyralid pretreatment, ethylene biosynthesis was significantly reduced in plants pretreated with clopyralid prior to picloram. Picloram- induced levels of ACC also were significantly reduced in plants receiving pretreatment with clopyralid. In contrast, there was no difference between the levels of MACC in plants that were and were not pretreated with clopyralid. Therefore, the mechanism by which clopyralid pretreatment interferes with picloram-induced synthesis of both ACC and ethylene may be manifested through the blocking of de novo synthesis of ACC synthase normally stimulated by picloram. The lack of significant difference in MACC levels between plants that were and were not pretreated with clopyralid precludes the stimulation of enhanced ACC conversion to MACC as an exclusive mechanism of clopyralid’s antidoting activity. It is likely that the rate of picloram-induced ACC synthesis by plants receiving pretreatment is within their capacity to convert ACC to MACC, thereby limiting the substrate available for conversion to ethylene. In contrast, it appears that the extent of ACC synthesis by plants receiving no pretreatment supersedes their capacity for conversion to MACC. thereby resulting in greatly enhanced rates of ethylene evolution and subsequent development of injury symptoms.

Antagonism by Clopyralid of Picloram-Induced Ethylene Biosynthesis in Rapeseed Plants

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 957-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christopher Hall ◽  
Mira Soni
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acc Conversion ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract The effect of clopyralid pretreatment (500 g/ha) on picloram-induced ethylene, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), and MACC [1-(malonylamino)-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid] was measured in rapeseed plants that were treated with 50 or 100 g/ha of picloram. In contrast to plants that did not receive a clopyralid pretreatment, ethylene biosynthesis was significantly reduced in plants pretreated with clopyralid prior to picloram. Piclo­ram-induced levels of ACC also were significantly reduced in plants receiving pretreatment with clopyralid. In contrast, there was no difference between the levels of MACC in plants that were and were not pretreated with clopyralid. Therefore, the mechanism by which clopyralid pretreatment interferes with picloram-induced synthesis of both ACC and ethylene may be manifested through the blocking of de novo synthesis of ACC synthase normally stimulated by picloram. The lack of significant difference in MACC levels between plants that were and were not pretreated with clopyralid precludes the stimulation of enhanced ACC conversion to MACC as an exclusive mechanism of clopyralid’s antidoting activity. It is likely that the rate of picloram-induced ACC synthesis by plants receiving pretreatment is within their capacity to convert ACC to MACC, thereby limiting the substrate available for conversion to ethylene. In contrast, it appears that the extent of ACC synthesis by plants receiving no pretreatment su­persedes their capacity for conversion to MACC, thereby resulting in greatly enhanced rates of ethylene evolution and subsequent development of injury symptoms.

scholarly journals Ethylene Biosynthesis during Peach Fruit Development

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tonutti ◽  
P. Casson ◽  
A. Ramina
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Acc Content

Ethylene evolution and ACC levels were determined throughout the growth and development of peach fruit (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. Redhaven). In the four stages of growth (I, II, III, IV), as indicated by weekly monitoring of fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weight accumulation, ethylene biosynthesis in whole fruit decreased during FWI and remained almost undetectable during FWII and FWIII. In pericarp disks, ethylene evolution followed the same trend, although a peak at 78 days after full bloom and a slight increase before the onset of the climacteric were observed. The high rates of ethylene evolution were associated with a concurrent increase in ACC content. Enhancement of ACC synthase and ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) activities was responsible for the peak of ethylene evolution detected before the beginning of FWIII and DWIII. At the climacteric, which occurred at the FWIII-FWIV transition, sequential events were observed in different fruit tissues. An increase of ethylene production in the mesocarp preceded the onset of the climacteric rise in whole fruit. The high amount of ethylene detected during the climacteric appeared to be related to increased EFE activity in the epicarp. Chemical name used: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC).

scholarly journals ENHANCED SYNTHESIS AND ACCUMULATION OF ACC AND MACC DURING RELIEF OF THERMOINHIBITION WITH KINETIN IN LETTUCE SEED

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 596g-597
Author(s):  
Claudinei Andreoli ◽  
Anwar A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Zero Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The level of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was 0.55 nmol.g-1 in dry lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Emperor) seeds. After 4h soak at 25°, 35° and 35°C+ KIN (kinetin, 50μM), the levels were 0, 0.2 and 1.14 nmol.g-1 seeds, respectively. The level of ACC was higher at 35°+KIN than at 35°C for up to 16h soak. No ACC was detectable at 25°C during 2 to 16h soak. In the presence of 50μM ABA, ACC level decreased to 0.2 nmol.g-1 at 4h soak and to zero level during 8 to 16h soak. The level of l-(malonylamino) cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (MACC), in dry seeds was 14 nmol.g-1. Exposure to 35°C in the presence or absence of KIN increased the level to 40-42 nmol.g-1 within 2h soaking, while at 25° only a slight increase (23 nmol.g-1) occurred. As in the case of ACC, the level of MACC was higher at 35°C+ KIN than at 35° or 25° for up to 16h soak.When seeds were soaked in ABA, the pattern of MACC produced was similar to that produced at 35°C. The results indicate that ACC synthase activity is enhanced by the addition of KIN at 35°C resulting in increased synthesis and/or accumulation of ACC and MACC. The relationship of ethylene biosynthesis to changes during stress imposition and alleviation by various factors will be discussed.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Action in Cut Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) by Aminotriazole

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Altman ◽  
Theophanes Solomos
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Acc Content

Treating `Elliott's White' cut carnations with 50 or 100 mm aminotriazole for 4 days inhibits the respiratory climacteric and significantly extends vase life. Aminotriazole induced time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of ethylene evolution and onset of the ethylene climacteric by inhibiting ACC synthase activity. Flowers treated with 50 or 100 mm aminotriazole for 2 days exhibited concentration-dependent increases in ethylene evolution, respiratory activity, ACC synthase activity, and petal ACC content in response to the application of exogenous ethylene at 10 μl·liter-1. Senescence-associated morphological changes, increased ACC synthase activity, ACC content, and ethylene evolution were completely inhibited in flowers treated for 4 days with 100 mm aminotriazole. Although treatment with 50 mm aminotriazole for 4 days did not completely inhibit components of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway, no morphological or respiratory responses to the application of exogenous ethylene at 10 μl·liter-1 were observed, a result indicating that prolonged aminotriazole treatment inhibited ethylene action. Chemical names used: 3-1H-amino-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl (aminotriazole), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC).

Effect of Interferon-γ and LPS on Tetrahydrobiopterin in Rat PC 12 and Human KNA Cells

Pteridines ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Karoline Vrecko ◽  
Roswitha Pfragner ◽  
Veronika Siegl ◽  
Konrad Schauenstein ◽  
Gilbert Reibnegger
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Gtp Cyclohydrolase I ◽  
Dopamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Recycling Pathway ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract The first human phaeochromocytorna cell line KNA was tested with regard to stimulation of dopamine biosynthesis by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Differently from rat phaeochromocytoma cells - clone PC12, where NADH increased dopamine biosynthesis significantly, no stimulation in KNA cells was found. NADH is effective on speeding up the formation of the active cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin by a recycling pathway via the dihydropteridinreductase system. Another way of formation of tetrahydrobiopterin is the induction of de novo synthesis by cytokines such as interferon-y or by lipopolysaccharide via activation of GTP cyclohydrolase I, as shown in rnacrophages. Neither rat PC12 nor human KNA cells showed in vitro a stimulation of tetrahydrobiopterin de novo synthesis by interferon-y and/or lipopolysaccharide.

Effect of quinclorac on auxin-induced growth, transmembrane proton gradient and ethylene biosynthesis in Echinochloa spp.

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Lopez-Martinez ◽  
Richard H. Shimabukuro ◽  
Rafael De Prado
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Elongation Growth ◽  
Ethylene Formation ◽  
Acc Content ◽  
Stimulation Of

The mechanism of action of quinclorac and its selectivity between rice and resistant (R), intermediately tolerant (I) and susceptible (S) Echinochloa spp. were investigated. The effect on the cell membrane potential (Em), stimulation of cell elongation growth, ACC production and ethylene formation were examined to verify the auxin characteristics of quinclorac and the possible mechanism of selectivity. Quinclorac did not induce cell elongation growth, neither did it cause hyperpolarization of Em due to the stimulation of H+ -ATPase activity. Quinclorac increased ethylene biosynthesis by increasing the ACC content in susceptible plants, possibly by affecting the autonomous auxin-regulated ACC synthase gene. Increased ethylene biosynthesis was correlated with the phytotoxicity of quinclorac. Ethylene biosynthesis due to quinclorac treatment in I and S biotypes increased 3 and 7 times, respectively, but quinclorac treatment had no effect on ethylene biosynthesis in R Echinochloa spp. and rice at the applied dosages. Quinclorac caused an increase of ACC concentration in the S biotype that was 2.5-fold more than the control. The addition of an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor decreased the phytotoxicity of quinclorac. The mechanism of selectivity between susceptible and tolerant species/biotypes may be related to the formation of HCN as a coproduct during the stimulation of the ethylene biosynthesis caused by the herbicide only in susceptible grasses.

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