A Surface-Active Agent from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Influences Staphylococcal Adhesion and Biofilm Development

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Walencka ◽  
Marzena Wieckowska-Szakiel ◽  
Sylwia Rozalska ◽  
Beata Sadowska ◽  
Barbara Rozalska
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Development

Bacterial biofilms which are responsible for a number of diseases are very difficult to control effectively because of their high resistance to antibiotics and the host defence system. The use of natural products decreasing or preventing initial adhesion of bacteria and biofilm formation is one of the alternative therapeutic strategies taken into consideration. We ask the question, whether a crude extract from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (mannoprotein), which possesses surfactant activity, may be used as inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis biofilm development. By using the “bactericidal spot assay” it was demonstrated that mannoprotein had no direct antibiotic activity against the tested strains. The influence of this extract on initial adhesion, biofilm formation and dispersal of preformed biofilms was studied using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. In this assay, live bacteria with an active electron transport system reduce the tetrazolium salt to a water-soluble purple formazan product, and optical density reading (A550) values are directly dependent on their cell numbers. Yeast-derived surfactant, when adsorbed in the microplate wells or present in the medium, was effective both in decreasing the initial deposition of staphylococci and in reducing the amount of growing biofilm, quantitated after 24 h of co-incubation with the bacteria. It also changed the parameters of biofilm morphology analyzed by PHLIP - the confocal laser scanning microscopy image quantification package. Mannoprotein also accelerated the detachment of mature staphylococcal biofilms, preformed in optimal conditions. It was concluded that mannoprotein anti-biofilm action reflects its influence on cell surface hydrophobicity.

scholarly journals Bacterial lipopolysaccharides variably modulate in vitro biofilm formation of Candida species

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1225-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. H. N. Bandara ◽  
O. L. T. Lam ◽  
R. M. Watt ◽  
L. J. Jin ◽  
L. P. Samaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Biofilm Development

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the bacterial endotoxin LPS on Candida biofilm formation in vitro. The effect of the LPS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Salmonella typhimurium on six different species of Candida, comprising Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida krusei ATCC 6258, Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida dubliniensis MYA 646, was studied using a standard biofilm assay. The metabolic activity of in vitro Candida biofilms treated with LPS at 90 min, 24 h and 48 h was quantified by XTT reduction assay. Viable biofilm-forming cells were qualitatively analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to visualize the biofilm structure. Initially, adhesion of C. albicans was significantly stimulated by Pseudomonas and Klebsiella LPS. A significant inhibition of Candida adhesion was noted for the following combinations: C. glabrata with Pseudomonas LPS, C. tropicalis with Serratia LPS, and C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis or C. dubliniensis with Salmonella LPS (P<0.05). After 24 h of incubation, a significant stimulation of initial colonization was noted for the following combinations: C. albicans/C. glabrata with Klebsiella LPS, C. glabrata/C. tropicalis/C. krusei with Salmonella LPS. In contrast, a significant inhibition of biofilm formation was observed in C. glabrata/C. dubliniensis/C. krusei with Pseudomonas LPS, C. krusei with Serratia LPS, C. dubliniensis with Klebsiella LPS and C. parapsilosis/C. dubliniensis /C. krusei with Salmonella LPS (P<0.05). On further incubation for 48 h, a significant enhancement of biofilm maturation was noted for the following combinations: C. glabrata/C. tropicalis with Serratia LPS, C. dubliniensis with Klebsiella LPS and C. glabrata with Salmonella LPS, and a significant retardation was noted for C. parapsilosis/C. dubliniensis/C. krusei with Pseudomonas LPS, C. tropicalis with Serratia LPS, C. glabrata/C. parapsilosis/C. dubliniensis with Klebsiella LPS and C. dubliniensis with Salmonella LPS (P<0.05). These findings were confirmed by SEM and CLSM analyses. In general, the inhibition of the biofilm development of LPS-treated Candida spp. was accompanied by a scanty architecture with a reduced numbers of cells compared with the profuse and densely colonized control biofilms. These data are indicative that bacterial LPSs modulate in vitro Candida biofilm formation in a species-specific and time-dependent manner. The clinical and the biological relevance of these findings have yet to be explored.

scholarly journals Quercetin inhibits virulence properties of Porphyromas gingivalis in periodontal disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyan He ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Zhongchen Song ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Haishuang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Virulence Properties

Abstract Porphyromonas gingivalis is a causative agent in the onset and progression of periodontal disease. This study aims to investigate the effects of quercetin, a natural plant product, on P. gingivalis virulence properties including gingipain, haemagglutinin and biofilm formation. Antimicrobial effects and morphological changes of quercetin on P. gingivalis were detected. The effects of quercetin on gingipains activities and hemolytic, hemagglutination activities were evaluated using chromogenic peptides and sheep erythrocytes. The biofilm biomass and metabolism with different concentrations of quercetin were assessed by the crystal violet and MTT assay. The structures and thickness of the biofilms were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bacterial cell surface properties including cell surface hydrophobicity and aggregation were also evaluated. The mRNA expression of virulence and iron/heme utilization was assessed using real time-PCR. Quercetin exhibited antimicrobial effects and damaged the cell structure. Quercetin can inhibit gingipains, hemolytic, hemagglutination activities and biofilm formation at sub-MIC concentrations. Molecular docking analysis further indicated that quercetin can interact with gingipains. The biofilm became sparser and thinner after quercetin treatment. Quercetin also modulate cell surface hydrophobicity and aggregation. Expression of the genes tested was down-regulated in the presence of quercetin. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that quercetin inhibited various virulence factors of P. gingivalis.

Alginate production affects Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development and architecture, but is not essential for biofilm formation

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 679-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Plata Stapper ◽  
Giri Narasimhan ◽  
Dennis E. Ohman ◽  
Johnny Barakat ◽  
Morten Hentzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Alginate Production ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Biofilm Development

Extracellular polymers can facilitate the non-specific attachment of bacteria to surfaces and hold together developing biofilms. This study was undertaken to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the architecture of biofilms produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 and its alginate-overproducing (mucA22) and alginate-defective (algD) variants in order to discern the role of alginate in biofilm formation. These strains, PAO1, Alg+ PAOmucA22 and Alg− PAOalgD, tagged with green fluorescent protein, were grown in a continuous flow cell system to characterize the developmental cycles of their biofilm formation using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biofilm Image Processing (bip) and Community Statistics (comstat) software programs were used to provide quantitative measurements of the two-dimensional biofilm images. All three strains formed distinguishable biofilm architectures, indicating that the production of alginate is not critical for biofilm formation. Observation over a period of 5 days indicated a three-stage development pattern consisting of initiation, establishment and maturation. Furthermore, this study showed that phenotypically distinguishable biofilms can be quantitatively differentiated.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus pneumoniae: Role of Choline, Extracellular DNA, and Capsular Polysaccharide in Microbial Accretion

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (22) ◽  
pp. 7785-7795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Moscoso ◽  
Ernesto García ◽  
Rubens López
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumoniaecolonizes the human upper respiratory tract, and this asymptomatic colonization is known to precede pneumococcal disease. In this report, chemically defined and semisynthetic media were used to identify the initial steps of biofilm formation by pneumococcus during growth on abiotic surfaces such as polystyrene or glass. Unencapsulated pneumococci adhered to abiotic surfaces and formed a three-dimensional structure about 25 μm deep, as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Choline residues of cell wall teichoic acids were found to play a fundamental role in pneumococcal biofilm development. The role in biofilm formation of choline-binding proteins, which anchor to the teichoic acids of the cell envelope, was determined using unambiguously characterized mutants. The results showed that LytA amidase, LytC lysozyme, LytB glucosaminidase, CbpA adhesin, PcpA putative adhesin, and PspA (pneumococcal surface protein A) mutants had a decreased capacity to form biofilms, whereas no such reduction was observed in Pce phosphocholinesterase or CbpD putative amidase mutants. Moreover, encapsulated, clinical pneumococcal isolates were impaired in their capacity to form biofilms. In addition, a role for extracellular DNA and proteins in the establishment ofS. pneumoniaebiofilms was demonstrated. Taken together, these observations provide information on conditions that favor the sessile mode of growth byS. pneumoniae. The experimental approach described here should facilitate the study of bacterial genes that are required for biofilm formation. Those results, in turn, may provide insight into strategies to prevent pneumococcal colonization of its human host.

scholarly journals Multiple Roles of Biosurfactants in Structural Biofilm Development by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. 2531-2539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sünje Johanna Pamp ◽  
Tim Tolker-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Later Phase

ABSTRACT Recent studies have indicated that biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa play a role both in maintaining channels between multicellular structures in biofilms and in dispersal of cells from biofilms. Through the use of flow cell technology and enhanced confocal laser scanning microscopy, we have obtained results which suggest that the biosurfactants produced by P. aeruginosa play additional roles in structural biofilm development. We present genetic evidence that during biofilm development by P. aeruginosa, biosurfactants promote microcolony formation in the initial phase and facilitate migration-dependent structural development in the later phase. P. aeruginosa rhlA mutants, deficient in synthesis of biosurfactants, were not capable of forming microcolonies in the initial phase of biofilm formation. Experiments involving two-color-coded mixed-strain biofilms showed that P. aeruginosa rhlA mutants were defective in migration-dependent development of mushroom-shaped multicellular structures in the later phase of biofilm formation. Experiments involving three-color-coded mixed-strain P. aeruginosa biofilms demonstrated that the wild-type and rhlA and pilA mutant strains formed distinct subpopulations on top of each other dependent on their ability to migrate and produce biosurfactants.

scholarly journals The exopolysaccharide–eDNA interaction modulates 3D architecture of Bacillus subtilis biofilm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Peng ◽  
Peng Cai ◽  
Monika Mortimer ◽  
Yichao Wu ◽  
Chunhui Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Early Phases

Abstract Background Bacterial biofilms are a surface-adherent microbial community in which individual cells are surrounded by a self-produced extracellular matrix of polysaccharide, extracellular DNA (eDNA) and proteins. Interactions among matrix components within the biofilms are responsible for creating an adaptable structure during biofilm development. However, it is unclear how the interaction among matrix components contributes to the construction of the three-dimensional (3D) biofilm architecture. Results DNase I treatment could significantly inhibit B. subtilis biofilm formation in early phases. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and image analysis revealed that eDNA was cooperative with exopolysaccharide (EPS) in early stages of B. subtilis biofilm development, while EPS played a major structural role in the later stages. In addition, deletion of EPS production gene epsG in B. subtilis SBE1 resulted in loss of the interaction between EPS and eDNA, and reduction of biofilm biomass in pellicles at air-liquid interface. The physical interaction between these two essential biofilm matrix components was confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Conclusions The biofilm 3D structures become interconnected through surrounding eDNA and EPS. eDNA interacts with EPS in the early phases of biofilm development, while EPS mainly participates in the maturation of biofilm. The findings of this study provide better understanding of the role of interaction between eDNA and EPS in shaping the biofilm 3D matrix structure and biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Contact Effect of a Methylobacterium sp. Extract on Biofilm of a Mycobacterium chimaera Strain Isolated from a 3T Heater-Cooler System

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Inés Pradal ◽  
Jaime Esteban ◽  
Arancha Mediero ◽  
Marta García-Coca ◽  
John Jairo Aguilera-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Trigger Factor ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Biofilm Development

Mycobacterium chimaera is an opportunistic slowly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteriumof increasing importance due to the outbreak of cases associated with contaminated 3T heater-cooler device (HCD) extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-treating a surface with a Methylobacterium sp. CECT 7180 extract to inhibit the M. chimaera ECMO biofilm as well as of the treatment after different dehydration times. Surface adherence, biofilm formation and treatment effect were evaluated by estimating colony-forming units (CFU) per square centimeter and characterizing the amount of covered surface area, thickness, cell viability, and presence of intrinsic autofluorescence at different times using confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis. We found that exposing a surface to the Methylobacterium sp. CECT 7180 extract inhibited M. chimaera ECMO biofilm development. This effect could be result of the effect of Methylobacterium proteins, such as DNaK, trigger factor, and xanthine oxidase. In conclusion, exposing a surface to the Methylobacteriumsp. extract inhibits M. chimaera ECMO biofilm development. Furthermore, this extract could be used as a pre-treatment prior to disinfection protocols for equipment contaminated with mycobacteria after dehydration for at least 96 h.

scholarly journals Subinhibitory Concentrations of Mupirocin Stimulate Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation by Upregulating cidA

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Jin ◽  
Yinjuan Guo ◽  
Qing Zhan ◽  
Yongpeng Shang ◽  
Di Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that the administration of antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations stimulates biofilm formation by the majority of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Here, we investigated the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of mupirocin on biofilm formation by the community-associated (CA) mupirocin-sensitive MRSA strain USA300 and the highly mupirocin-resistant clinical S. aureus SA01 to SA05 isolates. We found that mupirocin increased the ability of MRSA cells to attach to surfaces and form biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) demonstrated that mupirocin treatment promoted thicker biofilm formation, which also correlated with the production of extracellular DNA (eDNA). Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) results revealed that this effect was largely due to the involvement of holin-like and antiholin-like proteins (encoded by the cidA gene), which are responsible for modulating cell death and lysis during biofilm development. We found that cidA expression levels significantly increased by 6.05- to 35.52-fold (P < 0.01) after mupirocin administration. We generated a cidA-deficient mutant of the USA300 S. aureus strain. Exposure of the ΔcidA mutant to mupirocin did not result in thicker biofilm formation than that in the parent strain. We therefore hypothesize that the mupirocin-induced stimulation of S. aureus biofilm formation may involve the upregulation of cidA.

Farnesol inhibits planktonic cells and antifungal-tolerant biofilms of Trichosporon asahii and Trichosporon inkin

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1038-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro ◽  
Lívia Maria Galdino Pereira ◽  
José Kleybson de Sousa ◽  
Rosana Serpa ◽  
Ana Raquel Colares Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Trichosporon Asahii ◽  
Trichosporon Species ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Systemic Infections

Abstract Trichosporon species have been considered important agents of opportunistic systemic infections, mainly among immunocompromised patients. Infections by Trichosporon spp. are generally associated with biofilm formation in invasive medical devices. These communities are resistant to therapeutic antifungals, and therefore the search for anti-biofilm molecules is necessary. This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of farnesol against planktonic and sessile cells of clinical Trichosporon asahii (n = 3) andTrichosporon inkin (n = 7) strains. Biofilms were evaluated during adhesion, development stages and after maturation for metabolic activity, biomass and protease activity, as well as regarding morphology and ultrastructure by optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Farnesol inhibited Trichosporon planktonic growth by 80% at concentrations ranging from 600 to 1200 μM for T. asahii and from 75 to 600 μM for T. inkin. Farnesol was able to reduce cell adhesion by 80% at 300 μM for T. asahii and T. inkin at 600 μM, while biofilm development of both species was inhibited by 80% at concentration of 150 μM, altering their structure. After biofilm maturation, farnesol decreased T. asahii biofilm formation by 50% at 600 μM concentration and T. inkin formation at 300 μM. Farnesol inhibited gradual filamentation in a concentration range between 600 and 1200 μM. Farnesol caused reduction of filament structures of Trichosporon spp. at every stage of biofilm development analyzed. These data show the potential of farnesol as an anti-biofilm molecule.

scholarly journals Protozoan impact on bacterial biofilm formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rychert ◽  
Thomas Neu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Protozoan Community ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
The Impact

Protozoan impact on bacterial biofilm formationConfocal laser scanning microscopy in combination with digital image analysis was used to assess the impact of protozoa on bacterial colonisation of surfaces. Bacterial biofilms were developed from activated sludge in microscope flow cells and were exposed to the grazing pressure of protozoa. The protozoan community from healthy activated sludge and a culture of flagellateBodo saltanswere used as grazers. Experiments comprised 48-h incubations in 3 treatment variants: bacteria with protozoa, bacteria with protozoa added after some time and bacteria without protozoa. When necessary, the elimination of protozoa from the inoculum was carried out with cycloheximide and NiSO4. Experiments demonstrated that protozoa from healthy activated sludge initially disturbed the biofilm development but later they could stimulate its growth. Similar results could be established in the experiment withBodo saltans(inoculum: 1000 cells/ml), however differences were not statistically significant. The finding that protozoa support biofilm development during specific stages may be relevant for biofilm studies with mixed environmental biofilm communities.

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