Chemical composition of the essential oils of four Polyalthia species from Malaysia

AbstractPolyalthia is one of the largest genera in the Annonaceae family, and has been widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatic fever, gastrointestinal ulcer, and generalized body pain. The present investigation reports on the extraction by hydrodistillation and the composition of the essential oils of four Polyalthia species (P. sumatrana, P. stenopetalla, P. cauliflora, and P. rumphii) growing in Malaysia. The chemical composition of these essential oils was determined by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The multivariate analysis was determined using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) methods. The results revealed that the studied essential oils are made up principally of bicyclogermacrene (18.8%), cis-calamenene (14.6%) and β-elemene (11.9%) for P. sumatrana; α-cadinol (13.0%) and δ-cadinene (10.2%) for P. stenopetalla; δ-elemene (38.1%) and β-cubebene (33.1%) for P. cauliflora; and finally germacrene D (33.3%) and bicyclogermacrene for P. rumphii. PCA score and HCA plots revealed that the essential oils were classified into three separated clusters of P. cauliflora (Cluster I), P. sumatrana (Cluster II), and P. stenopetalla, and P. rumphii (Cluster III) based on their characteristic chemical compositions. Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil could be useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic applications of Polyalthia essential oil.

Download Full-text

Essential Oil ofBetula pendulaRoth. Buds

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/neh041 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 301-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Betül Demirci ◽

Dietrich H. Paper ◽

Fatih Demirci ◽

K. Hüsnü Can Başer ◽

Gerhard Franz

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Main Components

The essential oil ofBetula pendulaRoth. buds was obtained using both hydrodistillation and microdistillation techniques and their chemical compositions were analyzed using both gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, more than 50 compounds were identified representing 80% and 92% for hydrodistillation and microdistillation, respectively. The main components (by hydrodistillation and microdistillation, respectively) found were α-copaene (12% and 10%), germacrene D (11% and 18%) and δ-cadinene (11% and 15%) in the analyzed essential oils. The microdistillation technique proved to be a useful tool and compliant alternative when compared to hydrodistillation.

Download Full-text

Soil and Leaf Nutrients Drivers on the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Siparuna muricata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC. from Ecuador

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26102949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 2949

Author(s):

Juan I. Burneo ◽

Ángel Benítez ◽

James Calva ◽

Pablo Velastegui ◽

Vladimir Morocho

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Leaf Nutrients ◽

First Time

Chemical compositions of plants are affected by the initial nutrient contents in the soil and climatic conditions; thus, we analyzed for the first time the effects of soil and leaf nutrients on the compositions of the essential oils (EOs) of Siparuna muricata in four different localities in Ecuador. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Enantiomeric distribution by GC/MS was determined, modifying the enantiomeric separation of β-pinene, limonene, δ-elemene, β-bourbonene, cis-cadina-1 (6), 4-diene and atractylone. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The most representative for L1 were guaiol, atractylone and 4-diene; for L2, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene and myrcene; for L3, atractylone, myrcene and germacrene B; and finally, L4 germacrene B, myrcene and cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene. Correlations between soil- leaf chemical elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, N and Si in the different localities were significant with chemical composition of the essential oil of Siparuna muricata; however, correlations between soil and leaf K, P, and Na were not significant. Cluster and NMDS analysis showed high dissimilarity values of secondary metabolites between four localities related with changes in soil- leaf nutrients. Thus, the SIMPER routine revealed that not all secondary metabolites contribute equally to establishing the differences in the four localities, and the largest contributions are due to differences in guaiol, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene, atractylone and germacrene. Our investigation showed for the first time the influences of altitude and soil- leaf chemical elements in the chemical composition of the EOs of S. muricata.

Download Full-text

Essential Oil Composition ofPinus peuceGriseb. Needles and Twigs from Two National Parks of Kosovo

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2016/5393079 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Avni Hajdari ◽

Behxhet Mustafa ◽

Dashnor Nebija ◽

Hyrmete Selimi ◽

Zeqir Veselaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

National Park ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Geographical Variations

The principal aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and qualitative and quantitative variability of essential oils obtained from seven naturally grown populations of thePinus peuceGrisebach, Pinaceae in Kosovo. Plant materials were collected from three populations in the Sharri National Park and from four other populations in the Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park, in Kosovo. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-FID (Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The results showed that the yield of essential oils (v/wdry weight) varied depending on the origin of population and the plant organs and ranged from 0.7 to 3.3%. In total, 51 compounds were identified. The main compounds wereα-pinene (needles: 21.6–34.9%; twigs: 11.0–24%),β-phellandrene (needles: 4.1–27.7; twigs: 29.0–49.8%), andβ-pinene (needles: 10.0–16.1; twigs: 6.9–20.7%). HCA (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) and PCA (Principal Component Analyses) were used to assess geographical variations in essential oil composition. Statistical analysis showed that the analyzed populations are grouped in three main clusters which seem to reflect microclimatic conditions on the chemical composition of the essential oils.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Croton bonplandianus from India

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900234 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900

Author(s):

Rajesh K. Joshi

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Total Oil

The essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Croton bonplandianus Baill. was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 37 compounds have been identified, representing 96.2% of the total oil. The main constituents were identified as β-caryophyllene (16.7%), germacrene D (14.7%), borneol (8.3%), Z-β-damascenone (6.(%), isobornyl acetate (6.2%), α-humulene (6.1%), germacrene A (5.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.5%). The oil was rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (60.1%).

Download Full-text

Essential oil Composition of Ficus Benjamina (Moraceae)and Irvingia Barteri (Irvingiaceae)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200701233 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Isiaka A. Ogunwande ◽

Razaq Jimoh ◽

Adedoyin A. Ajetunmobi ◽

Nudewhenu O. Avoseh ◽

Guido Flamini

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Ficus Benjamina ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Leaf Oil

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves of two Nigerian species were analyzed for their constituents by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaf oil of Ficus benjamina L. (Moraceae), collected during the day, contained high contents of α-pinene (13.9%), abietadiene (9.7%), cis-α-bisabolene (8.2%) and germacrene-D-4-ol (8.4%), while the night sample was dominated by germacrene-D-4-ol (31.5%), 1,10-di- epi-cubenol (8.8%) and hexahydrofarnesylacetone (8.3%). This could be a possible indication of differences in emissions of volatiles by F. benjamina during the day and night. The main compounds of Irvingia barteri Hook. f. (Irvingiaceae) were β-caryophyllene (17.0%), (E)-α-ionone (10.0%), geranial (7.6%), (E)-β-ionone (6.6%) and β-gurjunene (5.1%).

Download Full-text

Effects of Gender and Geographical Origin on the Chemical Composition and Antiradical Activity of Baccharis myriocephala and Baccharis trimera

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9101433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1433

Author(s):

Suzana Struiving ◽

Ana Carolina Mendes Hacke ◽

Edésio Luiz Simionatto ◽

Dilamara Riva Scharf ◽

Cláudia Vargas Klimaczewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antiradical Activity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Array Detector ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Baccharis Trimera

This study aimed to characterize and compare essential oils and ethyl acetate fractions obtained in basic and acidic conditions from both male and female Baccharis species (Baccharis myriocephala and Baccharis trimera) from two different Brazilian regions. Samples were characterized according to their chemical compositions and antiradical activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Principal component analysis (PCA) provided a clear separation regarding the chemical composition of essential oils from the samples obtained from different regions by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with flame-ionization detection (GC-MS-FID). PCA also revealed that gender and region of plant collections did not influence the chemical composition and antiradical activity of ethyl acetate fractions, which was corroborated with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) data. High performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) identified significant quantities of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the fractions obtained in basic and acidic fractions, respectively. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that the geographical region of plant collection influenced the chemical composition of essential oils from the studied Baccharis species. Moreover, the obtained fractions were constituted by several antiradical compounds, which reinforced the usage of these species in folk medicine.

Download Full-text

Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils from Magnolia grandiflora, Chrysactinia mexicana, and Schinus molle Found in Northeast Mexico

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800133 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Laura Guerra-Boone ◽

Rocío Álvarez-Román ◽

Ricardo Salazar-Aranda ◽

Anabel Torres-Cirio ◽

Verónica Mayela Rivas-Galindo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Principal Component ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Magnolia Grandiflora ◽

Schinus Molle ◽

Main Component

The essential oils from Magnolia grandiflora and Chrysactinia mexicana leaves, and from Schinus molle leaves and fruit, were characterized by gas chromatography/flame-ionization detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Twenty-eight compounds from M. grandiflora leaves were identified (representing 93.6% of the total area of the gas chromatogram), with the major component being bornyl acetate (20.9%). Colorless and yellow oils were obtained from the C. mexicana leaves with 18 (86.7%) and 11 (100%) compounds identified, respectively. In both fractions, the principal component was sylvestrene (36.8% and 41.1%, respectively). The essential oils of S. molle leaves and fruit were each separated into colorless and yellow fractions, in which 14 (98.2) and 20 (99.8%) compounds were identified. The main component was α-phellandrene in all fractions (between 32.8% and 45.0%). The M. grandiflora oil displayed antifungal activity against five dermatophyte strains. The oils from S. molle and M. grandiflora leaves had antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, which cause skin infections that potentially may lead to sepsis. However, the antioxidant activities of all oils were small (half maximal effective concentration values >250 μg/mL).

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial Activity and Analysis of the Essential Oils of Selected Endemic Edible Apiaceae Plants Root from Caspian Hyrcanian Region (North of Iran)

Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.15171/ps.2019.21 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 138-144

Author(s):

Azadeh Hamedi ◽

Ardalan Pasdaran ◽

Arsalan Pasdaran

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Fatty Acid Esters ◽

Herbal Remedies ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Root Essential Oil

Background: Different endemic species of Apiaceae that widely grow in Hyrcanian region have long been used as spices and herbal remedies. Chemical compositions and bioactivity of many of these plants have not been studied scientifically. The volatile constituents and antimicrobial activity of four edible Apiaceae plants—Elaeosticta glaucescens Boiss, Malabaila secacul (Mill.) Boiss, Caucalis platycarpos L., and Eryngium caucasicum Trautv—roots were investigated. Methods: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC–FID) methods were used for chemical investigation. Antimicrobial potential of the volatile compositions of these roots were investigated using the disc diffusion method on four microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. Results: The best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these species were revealed for B. subtilis and S. aureus (500 µg/mL for MIC and MBC) followed by E. caucasicum and C. platycarpus, respectively. The main compounds of E. caucasicum root essential oil were hexyl isovalerate (11.0%) and hexyl valerate (10.1%). E. glaucescens root essential oil was mainly composed of 3(10)-caren-4-ol, acetoacetic acid ester (9.8%), octyl isovalerate (8.9%), and octyl acetate (5.7%). In C. platycarpos root, hexyl isovalerate (9.2%) and n-octyl isobutyrate (8.5%) were constituted the major compositions of the essential oil while n-hexyl isobutyrate (8.5%) and hexyl hexanoate (7.8%) were predominant compounds in M. secacul. Conclusion: The essential oils of E. caucasicum and C. platycarpus roots were contained high amount of short chain fatty acid esters (SCFAE) and trans- pinocarvyl acetate. They exhibited moderate antibacterial activity.

Download Full-text

Aromatic Profiles of Essential Oil from 5 Commonly Used Thai Basils

10.20944/preprints201809.0338.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Tibet Tangpao ◽

Hsiao-Hang Chung ◽

Sarana Rose Sommano

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Principal Component ◽

Methyl Eugenol ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Sweet Basil ◽

Ocimum Species ◽

Holy Basil

The research objectives of this study are to analyse the volatile compositions of different basil types available in Thai markets and to descriptively determine their aromatic qualities.  Essential oils were hydro-distillated from fresh leaves of 2 Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) varieties namely, white and red and other basil species, including Tree basil (O. gratissimum), Sweet basil (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflorum) and Lemon basil (O. citriodorum).  Oil physicochemical characteristics and volatile chromatograms from Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the chemical compositions.  Methyl eugenol, estragole and eugenol were among the major chemicals found in the essential oils of these basil types.  Classification by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) advised that these Ocimum spp. samples are grouped based on either the distinctive anise, citrus aroma (estragole, geranial and neral) or spice-like aroma (β-methyl eugenol, caryophyllene and α-cubebene).  The essential oil was also used for descriptive sensorial determination by five trained panelists, using the following developed terms: anisic, citrus, herb, spice, sweet and woody.  The panelists were able to differentiate essential oil of white Holy basil from red Holy basil based on the intensity of the anisic attribute, while the anise and citrus scents were detected as dominant in the Lemon basil, Tree basil and Sweet basil essential oils.  The overall benefit from this research was the elucidation of aromatic qualities from Thai common Ocimum species in order to assess their potential as the raw materials for future food research and development.

Download Full-text

Chemical Compositions, Mosquito Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Essential Oils of Eleven Species of Lauraceae from Vietnam

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9050606 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 606 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dao Thi Minh Chau ◽

Nguyen Thanh Chung ◽

Le Thi Huong ◽

Nguyen Huy Hung ◽

Isiaka A. Ogunwande ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

Eleven Species

The Lauraceae is a family rich in aromatic and medicinal plants. Likewise, essential oils derived from members of this family have demonstrated a myriad of biological activities. It is hypothesized that members of the Lauraceae from Vietnam will yield essential oils that may be useful in controlling mosquito populations and treating microbial infections. In this work, the leaf essential oils of eleven species of Lauraceae (Beilschmiedia erythrophloia, B. robusta, B. yunnanensis, Cryptocarya concinna, C. impressa, C. infectoria, Litsea viridis, Machilus balansa, M. grandifolia, Neolitsea ellipsoidea, and Phoebe angustifolia) have been obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical compositions analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The essential oils were screened for larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus, and for antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Candida albicans. The leaf essential oil of N. ellipsoidea, rich in (E)-β-ocimene (87.6%), showed excellent larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti with a 24 h LC50 of 6.59 μg/mL. The leaf essential oil of C. infectoria, dominated by germacrene D (55.5%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.4%), exhibited remarkable larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus (48 h LC50 = 0.40 μg/mL). N. ellipsoidea leaf essential oil also demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and B. cereus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 16 μg/mL, while the leaf essential oil of C. impressa showed excellent anticandidal with an MIC of 16 μg/mL. Leaf essential oils from the Lauraceae should be considered for utilization as alternative agents for controlling mosquito populations and as antimicrobial agents.

Download Full-text