Variación y cambio en la formalización de la interrogación retórica en la historia del español

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085-1113
Author(s):  
Andrés Enrique-Arias
Keyword(s):  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the specific mechanisms that contribute to formalizing the rhetorical interpretation of interrogative sentences throughout the history of Spanish. To this end, data from a corpus of biblical translations from the 13th to the 20th centuries are analyzed. As Biblical Hebrew and Latin use explicit elements to signal direct polar questions, it is relatively easy to locate a large number of passages with interrogative sentences, and then, examine the distribution of the translation equivalents used in the Spanish versions. The interrogative particles of Hebrew and Latin thus articulate a grammaticalized procedural meaning for which Spanish does not have an equivalent explicit marker. The systematic examination of the strategies that Spanish translators use to adapt these structures to their vernacular is therefore a way of accessing the intuitions of speakers from different periods in the history of Spanish in regard to the formulation of the rhetorical interrogative.

Homer's Use of the Past

1929 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
H. L. Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Present Form ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
History Of

Of the sources of Homer in the literary sense we can know nothing. There is no antecedent, no contemporary literature extant; and no analysis of later works will yield anything that can be proved to represent a literary tradition earlier than Homer. Archaeology, however, which has made the origins of Hellenic culture in some degree intelligible, has at least furnished a solid stage and a veritable background for the action of the Iliad. How much did Homer know of the past? A systematic examination of the archaeological data which the poems offer suggests that he knew a great deal; knew it with a precision which cannot be explained away as fortuitous, and about so remote a past that we must postulate a stream of tradition traceable much further back than the siege of Troy. For the purposes of this paper Homer means the author of the Iliad in substantially its present form, whose floruit the present writer would not put earlier than the ninth century, and the term is used, without prejudice, for the author of the Odyssey also. Eratosthenes' date of 1184 for the fall of Troy is assumed less because it came to be accepted as the standard date in antiquity than because it fits so well into what we know of the history of the Mediterranean world at that time.

Did pre-Revival Hebrew literature have its own langue? Quotation and improvization in Mendele Mokher Sefarim

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis H. Glinert
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Hebrew Literature ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Narrative Prose ◽  
Mendele Mokher Sefarim

In the history of Hebrew letters, few dates have so cavalierly been invested with literary and linguistic significance as 1886/7, the publication date of Mendele's short story BeSeter Ra'am.Such scholars of literature as Ravnitzki, Klausner and Werses have hailed its style as the pointer or veritable trigger to a redeployment of the traditional ‘synthetic’ (composite Biblical/post-Biblical) Hebrew style—instead of being confined to the registers of non-fiction, it now rose to supplant Biblical Hebrew as the standard for narrative prose. Some historians of language have gone so far as to present it as a total innovation (for its time) in that the aforegoing Haskalah writers had adhered almost exclusively to a Biblical manner.

scholarly journals Anti-Oppressive Restorative Justice: Behavior Analysis in Alternatives to Policing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worner Leland ◽  
August Stockwell
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Significant Change

The history of American policing, behavior criminalization, and carceral justice is rooted in racist practice dating back to the 1700s. In addition to racially disproportionate punishment doled out by these systems, they are not designed to support behavioral punishment of harm or reinforcement of prosocial behavior for socially significant change. One alternative to this retributive carceral justice system is Restorative Justice. This paper offers a conceptually systematic examination of Restorative Justice for behavior change, an examination of the functional utility of various restorative approaches, alignment of Restorative Justice with behavior analytic ethics, and suggestions for incorporating anti-oppressive practices.

Beyond Barr ‐ Biblical Hebrew Semantics at its Crossroads

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Carsten Ziegert
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Frame Semantics ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Wilhelm Von Humboldt ◽  
Survey Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

Summary This survey article comments on the history of biblical semantics from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the present time. This period of 200 years is divided into three phases, each of which is governed by a predominant paradigm: 1) The era of biblical philology was heavily influenced by the ideas of Wilhelm von Humboldt. 2) Linguistic structuralism was promulgated to biblical scholars by James Barr since the 1960s. 3) The present time, still dominated by structuralism, has nevertheless seen the rise of a new paradigm, namely, cognitive linguistics. Within this domain, particularly frame semantics and the theory of conceptual metaphors have the potential to bring fresh insights to biblical semantics, exegesis and theology. This development is illustrated by means of some examples from the field of biblical Hebrew.ZusammenfassungIn diesem Überblicksartikel wird die Geschichte der biblischen Semantik vom Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts bis in die Gegenwart nachgezeichnet. Dieser Zeitraum von 200 Jahren lässt sich in drei Phasen einteilen, in denen jeweils ein Paradigma maßgeblich ist: 1) Die Epoche der biblischen Philologie war stark von den Ideen Wilhelm von Humboldts geprägt. 2) Der linguistische Strukturalismus wurde in den Bibelwissenschaften seit den 1960er Jahren durch James Barr vorherrschend. 3) In der Gegenwart, die immer noch vom Strukturalismus beherrscht wird, zeichnet sich die kognitive Linguistik als ein neues Paradigma ab. Vor allem die Frame-Semantik und die Theorie der konzeptuellen Metaphern haben das Potential, die biblische Semantik, Exegese und Theologie durch neue Erkenntnisse zu bereichern. Das wird durch einige Beispiele aus dem Bereich des biblischen Hebräisch veranschaulicht.RésuméCe survol examine l’histoire de la sémantique biblique du début du XIXe siècle à nos jours. Cette période de 200 ans comporte trois phases, chacune dominée par un paradigme différent: 1) L’époque de la philologie biblique est fortement marquée par les idées de Wilhelm von Humboldt. 2) Dans les années soixante, c’est le structuralisme linguistique de James Barr qui se répand parmi les exégètes. 3) Aujourd’hui, bien que le structuralisme ait encore l’avantage, un nouveau paradigme est né et se développe, savoir la linguistique cognitive. Dans ce domaine, la sémantique des schémas et la théorie des métaphores conceptuelles en particulier peuvent offrir tant à la sémantique biblique, qu’à l’exégèse et à la théologie des perspectives nouvelles. La preuve en est donnée par des exemples tirés du domaine de l’hébreu biblique.

scholarly journals ‘To Take Up a Parable’: The History of Translating a Biblical Idiom

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-645
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Vayntrub
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Bible Translations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Speech Performance ◽  
Specific Sense

The following study examines the history of the translation of a Biblical Hebrew phrase in Greek, Aramaic, and Latin—a phrase which shaped the English idiom “to take up a parable, proverb, or song.” As early as Greek and Aramaic Bible translations, the phrase NŚʾ mɔšɔl was translated word-for-word in the target language, even though the verb used in the target language did not previously attest the specific sense of “speech performance.” This same translational strategy persists in modern translations of this idiom, preventing scholars from understanding the idiom as it was used by biblical authors. The study compares the Biblical Hebrew phrase to a similar Ugaritic phrase, showing how it should be understood to express the voicing of speech rather than the initiating of speech. The study concludes by offering an English translation which more closely reflects the metaphor for voice-activation employed by the Biblical Hebrew phrase.

What is חֶ֫סֶד‎? A frame-semantic approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-732
Author(s):  
Carsten Ziegert
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Frame Semantics ◽  
Short History ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Linguistic Methodology ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of

This article presents a new investigation of חסד‎, a much-discussed Biblical Hebrew lexeme. A short history of research reveals that the most influential studies of חסד‎ lack a sound linguistic methodology. Cognitive linguistics, particularly frame semantics, provides a methodology that deliberately takes cultural and social knowledge into account. The meaning of חסד‎ turns out to be an action or an event rather than an attitude. It can be described as ‘an action performed by one person for the benefit of another to avert some danger or critical impairment from the beneficiary’. This definition is then applied to some difficult passages which contain the lexeme חסד‎ including Hos. 6.6 and Isa. 40.6 and arguably produces better readings.

Protestants, planters and apartheid in early modern Ireland

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (98) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Canny
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Trinity College ◽  
Source Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Irish History ◽  
Trinity College Dublin ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

Two recent books, one on protestantism, the other on plantation, have much in common. Both are by young authors who as undergraduates at Trinity College, Dublin, identified aspects of the history of early modern Ireland that were in urgent need of investigation and who then proceeded with the necessary research in British universities; in one case under the supervision of Dr Brendan Bradshaw and in the other under the tutelage of Dr Toby Barnard. The enthusiasm and combativeness of their undergraduate years still linger on in these pages but there is even clearer evidence of the skills, interests and approaches to historical study that have been cultivated by their graduate mentors. Furthermore, each book derives its authority from the systematic examination of a mass of source material that has previously been neglected, and each author advances his conclusions in a vigorous fashion and relates them to developments in Britain and on the Continent as well as to what was happening in Ireland. The fact that authors of such ability and accomplishment have been forced to make careers for themselves outside the university world is a sad reflection upon Irish national priorities and raises serious questions about recruitment and tenure practices in universities and other third-level institutions that have a concern for the study of Irish history.

scholarly journals The Problem of Russophobia in the Historiosophy of Fedor Tyutchev

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-171
Author(s):  
Boris N. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Europe ◽  
Different Levels

<p>The article makes the first ever attempt to carry out a systematic examination, based on the historical, publicistic, poetic and epistolary body of work of Tyutchev, of the interrelation of different levels and aspects of the concept of &ldquo;Russophobia&rdquo;, introduced by the poet. His fundamental concern with the hierarchic relation of Christian ontology and anthropology, with historical processes, with different results of dynamics of the theocentric and anthropocentric perception of existence and history in Russia and in the West is emphasized. It is shown in the article how the analysis of the religious, historical, cultural, anthropological mainstays leads Tyutchev, in his own way, to Pushkin&rsquo;s conclusion that the history of Russia, as compared to the history of Europe, needs a &ldquo;different thought, different formula&rdquo;. It&rsquo;s demonstrated how different interpretations of those mainstays cause issues, discords.</p>

scholarly journals Scots burghs, ‘privilege’ and the Court of Session in the eighteenth century

Urban History ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
BOB HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Civil Court ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTA striking feature of the history of the Scots burgh in this period, and of bodies within it, was their readiness to resort to legal redress in the Court of Session, Scotland's leading civil court. The law was a regular and often intrusive presence in burgh life, a means by which burghs, guildries and trades incorporations defended their privileges. This article will explore this propensity in relation to what it can tell us both about urban identity and the constitution of urban community in this period, but it will also begin to examine the role which the law may have played in the re-constitution and re-shaping of urban community. In other words, it will consider the law and judgments made in the Court of Session as active forces in a wider process of governance. We know relatively little, in fact, about this dimension of urban governance, but the surviving record is a rich one and demands much more systematic examination.

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