scholarly journals The Social Composition of Medical Students at the Erzsébet University Between 1930 and 1945

2022 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
István Lengvári

The purpose of the study. To examine the social composition of medical students of the Erzsébet University of Pécs (ETE) between 1930 and 1945 based on statistics about religion, place of birth and father/guardian occupation. To present the external processes affecting the admission of students based on the minutes of the university governing body. To present some typical individual careers of students of the examined period. Applied methods. Statistical analysis of student enrolment and diploma books. Analysis of major processes using the minutes of the medical faculty and university council meetings and literature. Presenting and categorising careers using all available archival and library data. Outcomes. Compared to the previous decade and a half, the number of medical students at ETE decreased for demographic and political reasons. The religious composition of the students changed due to measures restricting Jewish students’ university admission, and disenfranchising them. The careers examined also demonstrate how affected students tried to circumvent these measures.

Author(s):  
István Lengvári ◽  

The study presents the social composition of students who graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of the Erzsébet University in Pozsony (Bratislava) from 1918 and then after a temporary stay in Budapest, in Pécs from the autumn of 1923 until the academic year 1929/1930. The article specifically examines the output of university education, excluding students who dropped out or transferred to another institution. It presents the recruitment and mobility of the student body by statistical analysis of the religion, place of birth and father/guardian occupation of the medical graduates of the selected period. The statistical survey shows a large number of Israelites and those born in Budapest. The occupational composition of the father/guardian largely consists of three groups: public and private officials – professionals – traders and large business owners. A separate subchapter deals with the changes resulting from the numerus clausus law in the composition of medical students in Pécs, as well as the attitude of the university in Pécs and its impact on the Hungarian higher education market. The clear goal of the university management was to ensure the survival of the university by increasing the number of students. The main reason for applying numerus clausus as loosely as possible was also the fact that the number of Christian students remained low, often failing to fill in the allotted numbers. Finally, the paper presents possible further research opportunities.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra Zafar ◽  
Rizwana Shahid ◽  
Saima Nazish ◽  
Danah Aljaafari ◽  
Fahd Ali Alkhamis ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Context: Medication nonadherence is a significant barrier in achieving seizure freedom in patients with epilepsy. There is a deficiency of data about the reasons for nonadherence in Saudi population. Aims: The aim of this study is to prove the existence of nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with epilepsy and identify the responsible factors. Setting and Design: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study carried in the Department of Neurology at King Fahd Hospital of the University affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Subjects and Methods: Patients of all ages diagnosed to have epilepsy as mentioned in their medical record and taking antiepileptic medications were interviewed using a questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was defined as two-tailed with a P ≤ 0.05. Results: Among 152 participants, 52.6% were male and 47.4% were female. Mean age of the patients was 28 ± 14.3 (mean ± standard deviation) years. Of 152 patients, 48.7% were found to be nonadherent to their AED therapy. The most commonly identified factor was forgetfulness. Nonadherence was significantly associated with poor seizure control (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Nonadherence to the AED is common among patients with epilepsy and affects seizure control adversely.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-43
Author(s):  
Andrei Yu. Andreev ◽  
◽  

The article is devoted to a statistical analysis of quantitative and qualitative parameters characterizing the professoriate of Russian universities in 1755–1884. The material for such a study was drawn from the prosopographic database compiled on the basis of biographical data on professors and containing more than 1200 names of scientists. The following characteristics have been examined: the social composition; the dynamics of the replenishment of the professor corps; the distribution of professors by different universities and by branches of science; the average age of embarking on the professorial position; the length of the professorial service; the role of “junior” university positions and the importance of the period of teaching as Privatdozent before becoming a professor; the proportion of those who were graduates of the universities where they later taught, etc. These characteristics have been studied in chronological dynamics, depending on the main stages of replenishment of the professoriate, which coincided with the major university reforms in the 19th century. The similarity between some parameters for the entire professorial corps (for example, the average age of receiving professorship) and the evolution of parameters in different periods and differences between universities has been identified. Some phenomena of university life, known in historiography in a number of examples, have received a detailed explanation in the light of statistical analysis. At the same time, the study has demonstrated the potential of quantitative methods in revealing new properties of Russian university professors that cannot be found only through the analysis of narrative sources.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norio Sugawara ◽  
Norio Yasui-Furukori ◽  
Masayuki Sayama ◽  
Kazutaka Shimoda

Abstract Background The age of onset for most mental disorders is typically young adulthood, and the university setting is an important one for addressing mental health. The University Personality Inventory (UPI), which was developed to detect mental health problems in university students, is widely used for screening in Japan. However, there have been limited reports on the factor structure of the UPI based on a statistical test for binary indicators. The objective of this study was to assess the factor structure of the UPI in Japanese medical students. Methods This study examined the factor structure of the UPI in a sample of 1185 Japanese medical students at the time of university admission. The students were divided into subgroup A (n = 589) and subgroup B (n = 596) according to their year of university admission. Based on tetrachoric correlation coefficients, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with promax rotation was applied to explore the dimensions of the inventory in subgroup A. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then conducted to verify the dimensions in subgroup B. Results The EFA with categorical variables yielded four factors in subgroup A. These factors, accounting for 48.9% of the variance, were labeled “Depression and Irritability”, “Anxiety and Persecutory Belief”, “Physical Symptoms”, and “Dependence”. The new four-factor structure showed good fit, and traditional factor structures previously reported were replicated via CFA. The internal consistency reliability was good for the overall UPI scale (alpha = 0.97) and for its four new factors (alpha = 0.83–0.91). Conclusions The UPI is a valid and reliable measure that can be used to assess symptoms across four dimensions of mental health in university settings. These findings offer a starting point for the detection of individuals with mental health problems.


1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-95
Author(s):  
Kwong Lee Dow ◽  
Lorraine D. Jones ◽  
Liesl M. Osman

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Daniel Ojuka ◽  
Faith Aseta ◽  
Beth Githambo ◽  
Brian Wambua

Background: The educational environment (EE) has a significant influence on effective student learning. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) is a validated tool to assess the EE. A DREEM survey done in early 2019 among medical students at the University of Nairobi highlighted many problems. It was therefore important to explore why such perceptions existed among the medical students. Objectives: To explore medical students’ perceptions ofthe medical education learning environment at the University of Nairobi. Methods: Qualitative focus group discussions (FGD) were held among medical students in years III to VI in groups of between 8and 12students. The discussions were recorded using a Samsung J6 phone voice recorder, transcribed, coded, and analysed for themes until saturation was reached. Results: We held six FGD with medical students in years III to VI and identified four thematic areas: 1) poor educational infrastructure, 2) poor educational structure, 3) teacher-centred teaching, and 4) lack of social support for students in difficulties. Conclusion: Exploring the perceptions of the EE confirmed students have a poor view of the educational environment. The issues raised are good feedback on teaching, governance and the social culture of the institution. Keywords: Learning environment, DREEM, Medical students, Qualitative methods 


Author(s):  
Sérgio Cunha Trindade Júnior ◽  
Luis Fernando Freitas de Sousa ◽  
Luciana Brandão Carreira

Abstract: Introduction: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common pathology in modern life. Furthermore, Brazil ranks among one of the countries in Latin America with the highest increase in the number of suicides. Objective: The goal of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of GAD and suicide risk and their association in medical students from Belém - PA. Methods: The observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study included undergraduate medical students attending the 1st, 3rd and 5th years of Universidade do Estado do Pará as subjects of this research, totaling 153 students. It used a protocol created by the authors and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The software BioEstat® 5.3 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Results: 52 (32,7%) of the 159 students have GAD and 48 (30,2%) pose a suicide risk, of which 18 have a mild risk (11,3%), 17 a moderate risk (10,7%) and 13 a high risk (8,2%). 46,7% and 50% of the 1st and 3rd-year students, respectively, have higher risk of suicide, which could be related to the competition faced during the University admission process and also during the first years of the clinical cycle. Of the 5th year students who pose a suicide risk, only 21,7% have high risk. Conclusion: It can be observed that GAD and suicide risk show high prevalence among medical students, which has to be investigated and treated aiming to reduce the impacts of those disorders on health professionals and students.


2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-132
Author(s):  
Peter D. Mohr

The Manchester Royal Infirmary Students Gazette (1898–99) and its subsequent titles, the Manchester Medical Students Gazette (1901–13), the Manchester University Medical School Gazette (1921–59), the Manchester Medical Gazette (1960–78) and Mediscope (1979–98), are a valuable resource for the history of the social and academic life of the medical students and the work of the Medical School at the University of Manchester. The volumes provide a record of advances in medical practice, historical articles and biographical details of staff. A recently completed database of the main articles and authors is a new resource to research these journals. This article sketches the history of the Gazette and outlines its value as a source for medical historians.


1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Caffarella

The introductory graduate level educational statistics course at the University of Maine at Orono is taught using an interactive computer system. The students enter the course with no skills in educational statistics nor any skills in the utilization of computers. By the end of the course, the students are proficient in basic statistical techniques used in educational research and in the use of the computer to calculate the statistics. The major computer packages utilized include MSUSTAT Interactive Statistical Analysis Package and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Valéria dos Santos de Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo Rossi Horochovski

A Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) se mostrou uma das pioneiras na implementação da política de educação superior indígena, pois em 2004 já realizava discussões nesta temática, o que culminou na Resolução n. 37/2004 do Conselho Universitário (COUN). Considerando tal afirmativa, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a política pública de ação afirmativa pelo viés da educação superior indígena na UFPR, considerando a atuação e experiência de uma Secretária Executiva nessa área e temática. Para tanto, realizou-se uma aproximação teórica entre os conceitos inerentes ao secretariado executivo, políticas públicas, ações afirmativas; política educacional superior indígena – específica de ingresso na instituição de ensino investigada. Na metodologia contemplou-se o Modelo de Múltiplos Fluxos, o Estudo de Caso e a abordagem da análise de conteúdo. O destaque foi dado à formação da agenda política, cotejando entrevistas com os gestores e informantes-chave da implementação da política na UFPR. Por fim, como resultado localizou-se a agenda nessa conjunção política considerando os elementos históricos e institucionais, a ocorrência da ação do governo no papel dos gestores da universidade, ainda a dos movimentos sociais, da comunidade acadêmica e verificou-se a mudança das ações políticas principalmente na gestão 2002/2006.   ABSTRACT The Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), proved to be a pioneer in the implementation of indigenous higher education policy, since in 2004, it already had discussions on this theme, that brought as a result the resolution number 37/04 of the University Council (COUN). Considering this statement, this paper aims to analyze the public policy of affirmative action by the bias of indigenous higher education at UFPR, considering the performance and experience of an Executive Secretariat in this area and thematic. Therefore, a theoretical approach was carried out between the concepts inherent to the executive secretariat, public policy, affirmative actions, indigenous higher education policy - the specifically of admission the educational investigated. In the methodology, we contemplated the Multiple Streams Models, Case Study and the Content Analysis approach. The emphasis was given to the agenda formation, collating interviews with managers and key informants of the implementation of the policy in UFPR. Nevertheless, as result, located the agenda in this political conjunction considering the historical and institutional elements, the occurrence of government action in the role of institutional managers, as well as the social movements, the academic community and there was a change in political actions mainly in the 2002/2006 management.  


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