scholarly journals Marital Status and Physical Health: Racial Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Education And Employment

Background and aims: As suggested by the Minorities’ Diminished Return Theory, the association between socioeconomic status and health is weaker for racial and ethnic minorities compared to Whites. The current study compared Blacks and Whites in terms of the association between marital status and physical health. Methods: The State of the State Survey (SOSS) included 881 adults (92 Blacks and 782 Whites) generalizable to the state of Michigan, the United States. The marital status and self-rated physical health (SRPH), which was measured using a single item, were considered as independent and dependent variables, respectively. In addition, age, gender, education, and employment were covariates and race/ ethnicity was regarded as the moderating factor. Finally, logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: Based on the results, being married was associated with better SRPH, which is the net considered by all confounders. A significant interaction was found between race and marital status on SRPH, suggesting a larger association for Blacks compared to Whites. In race stratified models, marital status was related to better SRPH for Whites and Blacks, but the magnitude of this link was larger for Blacks compared to Whites. Conclusion: Overall, marital status was differently linked to SRPM for Whites and Blacks. Accordingly, policymakers should be cautious while not assuming that diverse racial and ethnic groups with similar economic resources have similar health status.

A-03 Ethnic/Racial Differences in Longitudinal Neurocognitive Change among People Living with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 862-862
Author(s):  
C Watson ◽  
L Kamalyan ◽  
M Hussain ◽  
B Tang ◽  
A Collier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Latino People ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Neurocognitive Decline

Abstract HIV disproportionately affects Black and Latino people in the United States, but data on longitudinal neurocognitive patterns for these groups are scarce. This study evaluated the incidence and predictors of neurocognitive decline by ethnicity/race in a cohort of Black, Latino, and White people living with HIV (PLWH). Participants included 499 PLWH (43.5% White, 42.7% Black, 13.8% Latino; mean age at baseline = 43.5) from the six-site CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) study. Participants completed comprehensive neurocognitive and neuromedical evaluations over 3-7 study visits for an average of 2.8 years (SD = 1.1). Interpertation of neurocognitive change was based on published methods using regression-based norms that correct for baseline performance and practice effects. Survival analyses investigated the relationship between ethnicity/race and neurocognitive change, and predictors of neurocognitive decline. In follow-up, 108 participants (21.6%) declined, 311 (62.3%) remained stable, and 80 (16.0%) improved. In Cox proportional hazard models, hazard ratios for neurocognitive decline were increased for Latinos compared to Whites (HR = 2.19, 95%CI = 1.32-3.63, p = .002) and Blacks (HR = 1.87, 95%CI = 1.14-3.04, p = .01). Including significant covariates (baseline nadir CD4, hepatitis C Virus, and VACS Index: a composite marker of physical health among PLWH)did not significantly decrease the elevated risk for decline among Latinos. We found that Latino PLWH appear to have higher risk of neurocognitive decline compared to White and Black PLWH. Traditional markers of HIV disease and physical health at baseline did not explain this elevated risk of neurocognitive decline. Future research examining economic, socio-environmental, and culturally-relevant biomedical factors may help to explain this observed ethnic/racial disparity in longitudinal neurocognitive function in HIV.

scholarly journals The Imperial Republic and Pax-Americana: State Formation, Inequality, and the New American Way of War

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-389
Author(s):  
Scott Timcke
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Arbitrary Rule ◽  
American Way ◽  
American State

This article plots the complex historical interplay between state formation and militarized technology. What emerges is a portrayal of distributional consequences of particular means of rule and particular modes of warfare. I apply this framework to the New American Way of War, demonstrating that it structurally contributes to the widening economic inequality currently being experienced in the United States. In state formation literature, inequality is partly caused by how key technologies are militarized and deployed by the state for internal and/or external state building. Thus, inequality is the result of how the employment of particular kinds of military technologies affects the emergence and distribution of economic resources under different political regimes. By inference, the degree of inequality is a by-product of a state’s means of rule. Hence, prior to the redistribution of wealth and economic chances by various state institutions, particular kinds of states are historically endowed with a predisposition to create and solidify social stratification. I offer a critical engagement with the new American Way of War through the lens of the means of rule. In my case study, I argue that due to technological choices, the American state no longer needs to be accountable to citizens or its subject population as a whole. In short, the American state can afford to disengage itself from wider negotiation and bargaining with its subjects. From the state’s perspective, there is nothing these subjects offer to accent the current military capacity attuned to a particular military strategy. Simply, there is very little these subjects have that the state requires. Subsequently, if the current American Way of War continues, it is likely that arbitrary rule, militarization, and wide inequality will be the order of the day irrespective of who the particular governors happen to be.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Financial Exploitation Versus Scam

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
Pi-Ju Liu ◽  
Stacey Wood ◽  
Aining Wang ◽  
Yaniv Hanoch ◽  
David Hengerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Financial Exploitation ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Objective Financial Knowledge

Abstract Financial exploitation (FE) perpetrators are usually seen in a position of trust, such as family members or friends, whereas perpetrators of scam tend to be unknown individuals. Few empirical studies have examined victim risk factors, and this study aimed to systematically compare risk factors of FE versus scam. One-hundred-and-ninety-five adults (ages 18-89) were recruited to complete a 60-minute survey and interview at Purdue University in Indiana (n1=97) and Scripps College in California (n2=98). Risk factors assessed included cognitive tasks (overall cognition, memory, and executive decision), socio-emotional questionnaires (depression, resilience, ostracism, and social integration), financial measures (numeracy, objective financial knowledge, retirement worries, and financial well-being), physical health and demographics (age, gender, education level, marital status, ethnicity). Additionally, participants reported experiences of FE and scam, including (1) the 11-item short-form Older Adult Financial Exploitation Measure, (2) seven questions on scam from the Health and Retirement Study, and (3) likelihood to contact a scammer after reviewing lottery scam materials. The three dependent variables were log-transformed before OLS regression models were built. Each dependent variable was associated with different risk factors. Lower standard of living (p=.02) and ostracism (p<.05) independently predicted FE. Lower physical health (b=-.02, p=.003) was the strongest predictor of scam, with lower level of financial well-being (p=.02) serving as an independent predictor. For lottery scams contact likelihood, ostracism (b=.04, p=.005) and being male (b=-.23, p=.04) were the strongest predictors. Since risk factors differed between FE and scam, prevention and intervention programs should target the unique profiles of risk factors for each.

Varied Responses to Human-Induced Seismicity in the City of Azle, Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sarmistha R. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Status

Fracking has helped to usher in an era of energy abundance in the United States. This advanced drilling procedure has helped the nation to attain the status of the largest producer of crude oil and natural gas in the world, but some of its negative externalities, such as human-induced seismicity, can no longer be ignored. The occurrence of earthquakes in communities located at proximity to disposal wells with no prior history of seismicity has shocked residents and have caused damages to properties. It has evoked individuals’ resentment against the practice of injection of fracking’s wastewater under pressure into underground disposal wells. Though the oil and gas companies have denied the existence of a link between such a practice and earthquakes and the local and state governments have delayed their responses to the unforeseen seismic events, the issue has gained in prominence among researchers, affected community residents, and the media. This case study has offered a glimpse into the varied responses of stakeholders to human-induced seismicity in a small city in the state of Texas. It is evident from this case study that although individuals’ complaints and protests from a small community may not be successful in bringing about statewide changes in regulatory policies on disposal of fracking’s wastewater, they can add to the public pressure on the state government to do something to address the problem in a state that supports fracking.

Is This the Care We Need?: An Examination of Childcare Policy in Pennsylvania

Commonwealth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Sweet-Cushman ◽  
Ashley Harden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Current System ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Women And Politics ◽  
Richard Nixon ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Childcare Policy

For many families across Pennsylvania, child care is an ever-present concern. Since the 1970s, when Richard Nixon vetoed a national childcare program, child care has received little time in the policy spotlight. Instead, funding for child care in the United States now comes from a mixture of federal, state, and local programs that do not help all families. This article explores childcare options available to families in the state of Pennsylvania and highlights gaps in the current system. Specifically, we examine the state of child care available to families in the Commonwealth in terms of quality, accessibility, flexibility, and affordability. We also incorporate survey data from a nonrepresentative sample of registered Pennsylvania voters conducted by the Pennsylvania Center for Women and Politics. As these results support the need for improvements in the current childcare system, we discuss recommendations for the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document