scholarly journals Influence of History, Geography, and Economics on the Elimination of Malaria: A Perspective on Disease Persistence in Rural Areas of Zambia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Mukumbuta Nawa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Transformative Action ◽  
Rural Africa ◽  
Rural Dwellers

The fight against malaria is currently ongoing in many countries where the disease is still endemic. The overall target is to eliminate malaria in all nations, regardless of their malaria burden, by 2030. Currently, the disease has been eliminated mainly in low-burden and unstable malaria areas globally. However, in high-burden countries, particularly in Africa, the disease is still not eliminated; some countries are even recording increases in incidence. This paper discusses why the disease is currently being eliminated in some countries and not in others using a historical and geo-economic perspective. It identifies gaps in the primary contemporary interventions in high endemic areas, particularly in rural constituencies where incidence of the disease is even higher. The key discussion point is that poor housing and behavioral patterns predispose rural dwellers to more malaria. Other risk factors include agricultural occupations, livestock keeping, and the fact that mosquito vectors in Africa thrive more in rural than urban areas. Combating malaria in rural African areas, therefore, requires radical transformative action to address the unique situations that currently enable the persistence of malaria beyond the contemporary, mainly indoor, and health facility-based interventions. Improving housing structures in rural Africa, which are mainly mud and thatched huts, to at least insect-proof standards is the recommended transformative action. Moreover, behavioral patterns, such as cooking outdoors in the evenings, must be modified to cooking in improvised insect-proof kitchens.

scholarly journals The Importance of Public Transport for Mobility and Everyday Activities among Rural Residents

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Berg ◽  
Jonas Ihlström
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Rural Dwellers

A lack of transport opportunities has been shown to be a barrier for accessibility and social inclusion in contemporary society. In rural and sparsely populated areas, access to public transport is often poor compared to urban areas, leading to fewer possibilities to participate in normal relationships and activities among rural dwellers. Based on qualitative interviews with rural dwellers in Sweden, the aim of this study was to explore how access to transport can meet the needs of mobility and activity participation in everyday life and how different modes of transport are being used. The study has been permeated by the time-geographical perspective, which considers people’s use of time and space and the restrictions they face in order to carry out activities, including travel. The results show that travel by private car plays a central role in realizing everyday activities for rural dwellers, as well as a perception of the car as being the norm in contemporary society. Frequent car use is the consequence of a combination of time-space restrictions, habit, and a lack of services, activities, and public transport in rural areas. Poor public transport services limit children’s and adolescents’ independent mobility in particular. Further, the physical environment influences the ability to use public transport, for example if roads and bus stops are seen as unsafe. Based on the results of the study, several measures and improvements are proposed that could increase mobility and accessibility in rural areas and reduce car dependency.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON PERSONALIZED BANKING SERVICES - A STEP TOWARDS RURAL DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
S. S. Mallikarjuna Prasanna
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Personalized Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Ever since the country gained independence, the Government of India has taken a plethora of measures for the development of rural areas along with the urban areas. This is perceptible from the first Five-year plan to the latest schemes announced by the Government, which distinguishably emphasize on rural development and enhancing farmers’ income & welfare. To achieve these aims, RBI gives directives to banks for development of rural areas and for opening of bank branches in these areas. Personalized services targeted for the rural residents will make them active participants in the banking sector and they will contribute towards the growth of the economy. The objective of this research paper is to understand the preference of personalized services by bank customers residing in different areas of the Mysore and Tumkur. More than half of the population in Karnataka is residing in rural areas. The results of the study reveal that the urban bank customers have more preference for personalized services as compared to their rural counterparts and there is need to motivate the rural dwellers for utilizing more personalized banking services for their own development and for the development of the economy.

Infrastructure Provision as a Catalyst for Local Economic Development in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandisa SM Makhathini ◽  
Victor H Mlambo ◽  
Siphesihle Mpanza
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Throughout the era of the apartheid, the provision and accessibility of infrastructure in South Africa was skewed, and while the minority had access, the majority was overlooked. Local economic development (LED) has rested on the premise that the availability of infrastructure is likely to spur socio-economic development and to lift millions of South Africans out of poverty. However, with South Africa’s economy struggling to register consistent growth, there are difficulties accessing the much-needed finances needed to invest in infrastructure to spur LED. The study that this paper reflects upon used a qualitative research method and a systematic review of the literature relating to infrastructure provision and local economic development. It utilised thematic content analysis to deduce its findings with the hope of bringing in meaning to the overall content of the paper. The study revealed that indeed infrastructure provision is key to local economic development, that South Africa’s infrastructure provision is still skewed as urban areas continue receiving priority over rural areas; that local economic development is key in reducing inequality and spurring economic growth and sustaining the livelihoods of rural dwellers. However, limited investments in infrastructure in rural areas hinder the realization of such benefits. It recommends that the government prioritise LED in rural areas among other suggestions.

scholarly journals The prevalence of hepatitis B infection amongst urban and rural populations in Western Samoa

1981 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Gust ◽  
M. Dimitrakakis ◽  
S. Faaiuso ◽  
J. Ainuu ◽  
P. Zimmet
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Western Samoa ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen ◽  
Rural Dwellers

SUMMARYA group of 240 urban and 200 rural dwellers in Western Samoa over the age of 20 years was studied for serological evidence of current or past infection with heptatitis B virus (HBV). Overall, 5·5% of subjects were found to be currently infected with HBV and a further 74·5% showed detectable levels of antibody. Antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen was found to be a better marker of past infection than antibody to the surface antigen of the virus. Both the infection rate and carrier rate were higher in males than females and subjects living in rural areas were more likely to be infected than those living in urban areas.

scholarly journals Perlambatan migrasi sirkuler: Penilaian terhadap perubahan pola migrasi sirkuler di pedesaan Jawa Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Agung Wicaksono ◽  
Ardana Kusumawanto
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Household Economy ◽  
Circular Migration ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Comparative Survey ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
Development Paradigm

Circular migration has become a well-established institution for rural dwellers in Java. For farmers or unskilled rural workers, informal sectors, construction, or small trade in urban areas provide an adequate working opportunity and, at the same time, a relatively higher wage compared to the agricultural sector. It is frequently argued that migration could reduce poverty in rural areas. Although many harsh critics had been addressed to such arguments, there was relatively little attention given to the dynamics of circular migration itself, as most studies tend to argue that these activities are a constant phenomenon. Based on a comparative survey conducted in Tegal Nduwur Village in 2010 and 2020, this study finds that the rate of circular migration among farmers has significantly decreased. Better market opportunities and deindustrialisation, combined with a shifting development paradigm toward decentralisation since 1999, have gradually improved the village’s infrastructure. Under such conditions, the agroecosystem has been transformed from a slow to a fast one. The fast agroecosystem has yielded a more promising outcome for farmers’ household economy and absorbed many labor forces, i.e., people who previously migrated to various cities. This condition has decelerated the circular migration flows.

Mobile Technologies Impact on Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 1031-1039
Author(s):  
Adam Crossan ◽  
Nigel McKelvey ◽  
Kevin Curran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Rural Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Mobile technology today is increasingly being used to help improve underdeveloped and developing areas such as Sub-Saharan Africa. With the statistics showing the number of adults in Africa owning mobile devices steadily increasing, mobile technology has been a popular area of interest to use to help improve areas such as healthcare and education throughout African cities and rural areas. The purpose of this chapter was to examine the different ways mobile technology was being used to help the residents of Sub-Saharan Africa in the sectors of healthcare and education, and examine the possible ethical effects these technologies could be having. The study concludes that while the mobile technology can be implemented to help better the standard of health and education, it is mainly focused on urban areas and contributing to a poverty imbalance between urban and rural Africa.

Mobile Technologies Impact on Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
pp. 6216-6222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Crossan ◽  
Nigel McKelvey ◽  
Kevin Curran
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Rural Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Mobile technology today is increasingly being used to help improve under developed and developing areas such as sub Saharan Africa. With the statistics showing the number of adults in Africa owning mobile devices steadily increasing, mobile technology has been a popular area of interest to use to help improve areas such as healthcare and education throughout African cities and rural areas. The purpose of this study was to examine the different ways mobile technology was being used to help the residents of sub-Saharan Africa in the sectors of health care and education, and examine the possible ethical effects these technologies could be having. The study concludes that while the mobile technology can be implemented to help better the standard of health and education, it is mainly focused on urban areas and contributing to a poverty imbalance between urban and rural Africa.

An Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Study of Giardia lamblia in Anbar Province – Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Suad Shallal Shahatha
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Teucrium Polium L ◽  
Therapeutic Study

This study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia parasites in patients who visited some of the hospitals in Anbar province, which included (Fallujah Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Women and Children and Hit Hospital) during by examining 864 stool samples in a direct examination method, The results revealed the infection rate was 41.7 % and the percentage of infection among males 47.8% is higher than that of females 35.4% with significant differences (p≤0.05). The age groups (1-9) years recorded the highest rates 55.4% and the lowest rate 13.6% in the age group (40-49) years. The highest rate of infection was 62.5% during the month of June, while the month of October was the lowest rate 5% and significant differences. The incidence rate in rural areas was 50.6% higher than in the urban areas 32.5%. The study also included the effect of Teucrium polium L. on the parasite in the culture media HSP-1, the concentrations of 0.5-3 mg / mL significantly affected Giardia, it was noted whenever the greater the concentration, the greater the effect during different treatment periods (1-4) days, as the highest concentration 3 mg/ml killed all Giardia parasites on the fourth day of treatment.

A Study Of Expansion Of The Fmcg Market Across Rural Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Dr. Udayagiri Raghunath ◽  
Dr. V.Venkateswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Customer Choice ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Rural Markets ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
Tv Media ◽  
Rural Clients ◽  
Tv Watching

The corporate companies dealing with FMCG products have started focusing on rural markets as the urban markets have become saturated and highly competitive. Capturing the rural markets brings forth a whole new set of challenges as it is laborious to break in. This market presents the companies with gamut challenges on a new dimension which demand entirely different strategies as compared to the ones used in urban areas. Studying the rural markets for rural markets has become crucial more than ever. It is an objective learning, psychiatry of dispersion, impact of the FMCG in rural areas. This research uses diverse utensils, procedure toward analyze composed records. Several of the features used in analyzing the data are the consumer characteristics like educational qualifications, professions they are in, and the income levels. The role of TV media advertising is also analyzed. Many deals and promotions advertised on TV are investigated. The scope of authority wield by publicity happening customer choice production has looked into. The different levels of media exposure and preferable TV watching times and their favorite programs considered while analyzing the data. The spending prototype of rural clients on FMCG is examined and further categorized based on their income levels, educational qualifications, and legal awareness of consumer act. All the analyzed data, results, and suggestions presented in the visual formats.

TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Runcan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Rural And Urban

According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document