A Postmodern Reaction to Dependent Modernization: The Social and Historical Roots of Islamic Radicalism

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haldun Gülalp
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Third World ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Politics Of Identity ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Modern Era

The recent rise of Islamic Radicalism in the Middle East is generally associated with anti-Western sentiment and interpreted as a continuation of the traditional conflict between Christian and Islamic civilizations. It is thought to reflect a traditionalist opposition to the modernization process which originated in the West and then was introduced to the Islamic countries (for an example of this literature, see Youssef, 1985). But this view cannot explain the historical timing and specificity of the current Islamic political revival. In this paper I suggest that Islamic radicalism is not a traditionalist plea to return to a pre-modern era. Quite the contrary, it is a product of the contradictions of Third World modernization and represents a post-modern reaction to the specific form of modernization experienced by the Islamic Third World. In the Islamic countries, where modernization has been synonymous with westernization, the response to the contradictions of modernization has taken the form of a “politics of identity.”

scholarly journals Relocating Colonial Women in Resistance: An Interpretation of Rabindranath Tagore’s Nastanirh and Chaturanga

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Krishnapriya ◽  
◽  
Padma Rani ◽  
Bashabi Fraser ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
New World ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
Bell Hooks ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marginalized Women ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Third World Women

The Colonial Bengal of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was a place of contradictions. For instance, despite certain evident advancements in the resolution of the women’s question, some of the emancipatory attempts of the period marked a rather dubious account of women’s liberation as patriarchal underpinnings hegemonized the efforts. Amid this complex backdrop, the colonial women’s position is further jeopardized by the western feminist scholarship that contrives colonial third world women as perennial victims and beneficiaries of emancipatory actions from the West. The paper attempts to relocate the colonial women and their resistance by negotiating the fissures in their construction. This study, informed by bell hooks’ (1990) postulations on margin and resistance, simultaneously seeks to form a bridge between the experiences of marginalized women beyond borders. Rabindranath Tagore’s Nastanirh (1901) and Chaturanga (1916) are chosen for close textual reading to examine the experiences of colonial women. The author’s women protagonists often embody the social dilemma of the period. Tagore’s Damini and Charu exist in the margin of resistance whilst Nanibala occupies the margin of deprivation. Significantly, Charu and Damini traverse the precarious “profound edges” of the margin to imagine a “new world” free of subjugation. Thus, the resistance offered by these women subverts the predominant conceptions of victimhood of colonial women, and it enables them to be posited as active agents.

On Interdependence

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Mohamed Sid-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Third World ◽  
World Order ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Just World ◽  
The West ◽  
World Government ◽  
Corporate Capital ◽  
The North

This essay explores the crisis of global interdependence that has arisen from competing North-South perceptions of interdependence and from inequitable relations among Third World and industrialized states of the North. Illustrating the general features of the crisis through a case study of the Middle East, the author argues that techniques of economic, political and cultural cooptation have been used by the West to foster a form of interdependence that is of primary benefit to wealthier segments of the global community. To the degree that some Third World states (notably Egypt) now identify with the West, this strategy has been successful. However, the costs to world order are considerable. As they become more integrated into Western-dominated networks of “interdependence,” Third World states face intensifying social contradictions that cannot be resolved through socialist or other noncapitalist strategies. Redress of these problems requires a new legal category of ownership – internationalized property – under which corporate capital, power, and productive capacity would be transferred from the predominant domain of the North to a commonwealth of world states. This basis for world authority would avoid the side– and counter-effects associated with world government and would provide the foundation for a more just world order.

Pèlerinages et processions comme formes de pouvoir symbolique des classes subalternes : deux cas péruviens

1985 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Popular Religion ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Active Mobilization ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cultural Contradictions ◽  
The Third World

This article forms part of a wider research project which aims to pick out in expressions of popular religion a cultural pool which can provide an alternative to the invasion of cultural models imported, by the media in particular, from the West. The historical content of religious practices, although frequently obli terated by unconsciousness and by successive alienations, nearly always constitutes a capital of popular restistance to attacks on the poor. What we are concerned with is how it is possible to move from simple resistance to active mobilization through the religious medium. The case of Peru, with the two examples considered (an Andean sanctuary and an Afro-Peruvian procession) can in all probability be applied to other cases of marginality in both the Third World and industrialized society. The advantage with Peru is that the social and cultural contradictions inherited from colo nial and republican history are very sharp, indeed caricatured.

Bulgarian Culture after 1989

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-302
Author(s):  
Kiril Vassilev
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
The West ◽  
High Culture ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
The Social ◽  
Arts And Culture ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Value Crisis

This article deals with the changes in Bulgarian culture after the fall of the Communist regime in Bulgaria in 1989. The first sections sketch the state of the Bulgarian culture and society during the later years of the communism. They describe the change in official ideology, i.e. the return to nationalism. The controversial role of the Communist regime in the modernization process of society is analyzed, with its simultaneous modernization and counter-modernization heritage. Then we shift to the changes in society and culture that have taken place since the fall of the regime. Attention is focused on the new mass culture, the embodiment of the value crisis in which the post-Communist Bulgarian society is located. The radical transformations in the field of the so-called ‘high’ culture are examined, especially the financial difficulties and the overall change in the social status of arts and culture. The basic trauma of the Bulgarian culture embodied in the constantly returning feeling of being a cultural by-product of the West is brought out. The article concludes that Bulgarian post-Communist culture has failed to create a more complex and flexible image of the “Bulgarian” that can use the energies of globalization without feeling threatened by disintegration.

ПРИНЦИПЫ ВАШИНГТОНСКОГО КОНСЕНСУСА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ПОСТПРАВДЫ В ПОСТСОВЕТСКОЙ И СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
O. V. Lagutin ◽  
A. B. Rukavishnikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Third World ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Stratification ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Soviet Russia

The article issues the theoretical models of economic development and and the practical experience of their implementing in different countries. The author tries to analyze genesis and evolution of economical power and global domination of the West. Also the rules of economic policies, which realisation became the basis of the government's economic stratification during the periods of classic capitalism and joint-stock companies capitalism are emphasized. The principles of the strategy of comparative advantages formed the basis of economic policy provided by Washington regarding other countries in the modern period, and are presented in document Washington Consensus, first used in 1989. By the term post-truth policy in this context we mean the imposing of the Wasshington Consensus ideology on the countries of the second and third world countries economies and popularisattion of its principles at the expense of development of the mentioned countries. The research also pays an attention to the big business’ development in post Soviet Russia, which has a criminal genesis without any alternative. The article also analyses the positive experience of Russian Federation’s economic development during the period of capitalistic relations’ development and during the social period. In this research we also made an attempt to justify the objective factors in terms of choosing new economic model

The changing Israeli strategic equation: Toward a security regime

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efraim Inbar ◽  
Shmuel Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Third World ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
The West ◽  
Security Community ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Security Regime ◽  
Political Time ◽  
Inter State

Israel is situated in the Middle East, which is not a zone of peace but rather of turmoil. In contrast to the West where peace has become the norm, the Middle East exists in a different socio-political time zone. It is war-prone and the use of force still evokes remarkable popular support. The Middle East, similar to other Third World regions, displays a greater propensity for intra- and inter-state conflict as compared to the environments of the developed states. Therefore, the Middle East is not about to be transformed into what Karl Deutsch called a ‘security community’, where recourse to arms is not acceptable for the resolution of inter-state conflict.

“Imagined Identities, Imagined Nationalisms: Print Culture and Egyptian Nationalism in Light of Recent Scholarship.” A Review Essay of Israel Gershoni and James P. Jankowski,Redefining the Egyptian Nation, 1930–1945, Cambridge Middle East Studies (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995). Pp. 297

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Smith Charles
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Third World ◽  
The West ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Middle East Studies ◽  
Modern Era

Anthony D. Smith has argued that the idea of the “nation-state” conflates two historical and ideological processes that, even with Western European history serving as the paradigm, were often distinct. Nor was there any uniform evolution in these processes from one stage to the other. For Smith this has meant that “Eastern Europe and the Third World have all been trying to imitate a rather singular model whose ethnic homogeneity, like its parliamentary institutions, simply cannot be transplanted. They have been pursuing a Western mirage … [where] even in the West, the much soughtafter marriage of state and ethnie has not turned out to be all that happy and enduring.” Smith assumes that true nations are based onethnie, meaning a shared memory of culture, language, and history identified with specific territory stretching into the past that creates both a bond within the group, the precursor to nationhood, and a sense of distinction against other such groups. Here he opposes those whom he calls the “modernists,” who may argue with one another about what constitutes nationalism but agree that it reflects the development of nationhood in the modern era and is not an inevitable extension of ancient historical and cultural bonds.

scholarly journals GERAKAN ISLAM TRANSNASIONAL: SEBUAH NOMENKLATUR, SEJARAH DAN PENGARUHNYA DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aksa Aksa
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Boundary ◽  
Post War ◽  
Critical Limits

Transnational Islamic movement is a terminology that belongs in the new academic study. The term 'nomenclature', generally the ideology they have crossed the State boundary of the critical limits stretcher (Nation state). The emergence of transnational Islamic movement's lively lately is part of an Islamic revival and renewal of the Era that grew in the Middle East since the 18th century. The post-war collapse of the Caliphate based in Ottoman Turkey in 1924. The transnational Islamic movement has found its momentum by forming new forces in conducting resistance against colonialism and imperialism of the West. Presence of Transnational Islamic movement in Indonesia is part of the revivalisms Islamic movement in the Middle East and influenced directly against the pattern of Islam in Indonesia. Transmission line ideas Islamism is at least via the social movements, education, and publications.

scholarly journals Gerakan Islam Transnasional: Sebuah Nomenklatur, Sejarah dan Pengaruhnya di Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Aksa Aksa
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Right

Transnational Islamic movement is a terminology that belongs in the new academic study. The term has become a ' nomenclature ' is generally understood as an ideology that crosses state boundaries (nation state). The emergence of transnational Islamic movement's lively lately is part of an Islamic revival and renewal of an era that grew in the Middle East since the 18th century.  The post-war collapse of the Caliphate based in Ottoman Turkey in 1924, the movement has found the right momentum by forming new forces in conducting resistance against colonialism and imperialism of the West. Presence of transnational Islamic movement in Indonesia is part of the revivalism Islamic movement in the Middle East that directly make effect against the pattern of Islam in Indonesia. Transmission lines the ideas of this movement through the social movements, education and publications

scholarly journals Islam Today in Modern West: Fazlur Rahman’s and Tariq Ramadan’s Views on Jihad

ULUMUNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Chusnul Chotimah Bimbo
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Western Society ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Modern Era

  This paper discusses the issues of radicalism that have reappeared in the public sphere nowadays. The discussion will focus on the interpretation of Jihad by Fazlur Rahman and Tariq Ramadan. They are among two modern reformers whose ideas heavily focus on the social, economic and political issues about Muslims in the West. This paper will discuss the thoughts of these two figures about jihad spread across their various writings. As a contemporary reformist Muslim leader, Rahman and Ramadan had made many interpretations of the Qur'an by adapting to the social context of society when the interpretation was made, namely Western society. Their Qur'anic interpretations and their thoughts-whether directly or indirectly-reflect on the circumstances and challenges that Muslims encounter in the West, Europe and the US, today. This paper contributes to the discussion of the meaning of jihad and various attempts at interpretation of the term. Besides, this paper will at least provide an overview of how the face of  Islam in the West in the modern era as it is today.

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