Changes of Power Output and Velocity During Successive Sets of the Bench Press With Different Duration of Eccentric Movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Wilk ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Milosz Drozd ◽  
Adam Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Power Development ◽  
Potentiation Effect ◽  
Fast Tempo ◽  
Resistance Exercises ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Post Hoc

Purpose: Resistance training is one of the key components influencing power output. Previous studies directed at power development through the use of postactivation potentiation have analyzed resistance exercises at volitional or fast tempo of movement in the entire cycle, without control of the duration of the concentric and eccentric phases of movement. To date, no scientific studies have explored the effects of varied movement tempo on the level of power output, velocity, and postactivation potentiation efficiency. Methods: During the experimental sessions, study participants performed 3 sets (Sets1–3) of the bench-press exercise using 70% 1-repetition maximum and 2 different tempos of movement: 2/0/X/0 eccentric medium tempo (ECCMED) and 6/0/X/0 eccentric slow tempo (ECCSLO). Results: Post hoc analysis demonstrated significant differences in values of peak (PPEAK) and mean (PMEAN) power between Sets1–3 measured for the ECCMED (2/0/X/0) tempo. The values of PMEAN in Set3 (492.15 [87.61] W) were significantly higher than in Set2 (480.05 [82.10] W) and Set1 (467.65 [79.18] W). Similarly, the results of PPEAK in Set3 (713.10 [132.72] W) were significantly higher than those obtained in Set2 (702.25 [129.5] W) and Set1 (671.55 [115.79] W). For the ECCSLO tempo (6/0/X/0) in Set2 (587.9 [138.48] W), the results of PPEAK were significantly higher than in Set1 (565.7 [117.37] W) and Set3 (563.1 [124.93] W). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the postactivation potentiation effect is observed for both slow and medium tempos of movement.

scholarly journals Contrast Tempo of Movement and Its Effect on Power Output and Bar Velocity During Resistance Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Wilk ◽  
Jakub Jarosz ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik ◽  
Marcin Bialas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Bar Velocity ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we examined the impact of contrast movement tempo (fast vs. slow) on power output and bar velocity during the bench press exercise. Ten healthy men (age = 26.9 ± 4.1 years; body mass = 90.5 ± 10.3 kg; bench press 1RM = 136.8 ± 27.7 kg) with significant experience in resistance training (9.4 ± 5.6 years) performed the bench press exercise under three conditions: with an explosive tempo of movement in each of three repetitions (E/E/E = explosive, explosive, explosive); with a slow tempo of movement in the first repetition and an explosive tempo in the next two repetitions (S/E/E = slow, explosive, explosive); and with a slow tempo of movement in the first two repetitions and an explosive tempo in the last repetition (S/S/E = slow, slow, explosive). The slow repetitions were performed with a 5/0/5/0 (eccentric/isometric/concentric/isometric) movement tempo, while the explosive repetitions were performed with an X/0/X/0 (X- maximal speed of movement) movement tempo. During each experimental session, the participants performed one set of three repetitions at 60%1RM. The two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed a statistically significant interaction effect for peak power output (PP; p = 0.03; η2 = 0.26) and for peak bar velocity (PV; p = 0.04; η2 = 0.24). Futhermore there was a statistically significant main effect of condition for PP (p = 0.04; η2 = 0.30) and PV (p = 0.02; η2 = 0.35). The post hoc analysis for interaction revealed that PP was significantly higher in the 2nd and 3rd repetition for E/E/E compared with the S/S/E (p < 0.01 for both) and significantly higher in the 2nd repetition for the S/E/E compared with S/S/E (p < 0.01). The post hoc analysis for interaction revealed that PV was significantly higher in the 2nd and 3rd repetition for E/E/E compared with the S/S/E (p < 0.01 for both), and significantly higher in the 2nd repetition for the S/E/E compared with the S/S/E (p < 0.01). The post hoc analysis for main effect of condition revealed that PP and PV was significantly higher for the E/E/E compared to the S/S/E (p = 0.04; p = 0.02; respectively). The main finding of this study was that different distribution of movement tempo during a set has a significant impact on power output and bar velocity in the bench press exercise at 60%1RM. However, the use of one slow repetition at the beginning of a set does not decrease the level of power output in the third repetition of that set.

Postactivation potentiation effect of two lower body resistance exercises on repeated jump performance measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gahreman ◽  
Mehdi Moghadam ◽  
Ehsan Hoseininejad ◽  
Vahid Dehnou ◽  
Jonathan Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Potentiation Effect ◽  
Resistance Exercises ◽  
Body Resistance

Postactivation Potentiation: Effect of Various Recovery Intervals on Bench Press Power Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Lívia de Assis Ferreira ◽  
Valéria Leme GonÇalves Panissa ◽  
Bianca Miarka ◽  
Emerson Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Potentiation Effect

Effects of Postactivation Potentiation on Tennis Serve Velocity and Accuracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Terraza-Rebollo ◽  
Ernest Baiget
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Potentiation Effect ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
Complex Training

Purpose: To examine the postactivation potentiation effect on serve velocity and accuracy in young competition tennis players using complex training, and comparing different upper and lower body heavy-load resistance exercises (HLRE). Methods: Fifteen competition tennis players (9 boys and 6 girls; age 15.6 [1.5] y) performed 1 control session and 3 experimental sessions using HLRE in a crossover randomized design: (1) bench press, (2) half squat, (3) bench press plus half squat, and (4) control trial. HLRE were performed by accomplishing 3 sets of 3 repetitions when bench press or half squat conditions were performed and 2 sets of 3 repetitions of each exercise when bench press plus half squat condition was performed at 80% 1-repetition maximum, lifting the load at maximum speed. To assess the serve velocity and accuracy, all participants performed 32 flat serves after the HLRE, divided into 4 sets of 8 serves (0, 5, 10, and 15 min postexercise), resting 20 seconds between serves, and 2 minutes and 40 seconds between sets. Results: There were no significant (P > .05) differences in ball velocity and accuracy following each recovery time and exercise, compared with the basal situation. Conclusions: These results suggest that complex training using HLRE is not a useful method for eliciting the postactivation potentiation effect in tennis serve and does not have any effect in serve accuracy in young competition tennis players.

scholarly journals Impact of Movement Tempo Distribution on Bar Velocity During a Multi-Set Bench Press Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Robert Trybulski ◽  
Jakub Jarosz ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik ◽  
Patryk Matykiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
The Third ◽  
Velocity Changes ◽  
Bar Velocity ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of contrast tempo movement on bar velocity changes during a multi-set bench press exercise. In randomized and counter-balanced order, participants performed three sets of the bench press exercise at 60%1RM under two testing conditions: E-E where all repetitions were performed with explosive (X/0/X/0) movement tempo; and S-E where the first two repetitions were performed with a slow tempo (5/0/X/0) while the third repetition was performed with explosive movement tempo (slow, slow, explosive). Twelve healthy men volunteered for the study (age = 30 ± 5 years; body mass = 88 ± 10 kg; bench press 1RM = 145 ± 24 kg). The three-way repeated measures ANOVA (tempo × set × repetition) showed statistically significant multi-interaction effect for peak bar velocity (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.23), yet not for mean bar velocity (p = 0.09; η2 = 0.14). The post hoc results for multi-interaction revealed that peak bar velocity in the 3rd repetition was significantly higher for E-E compared to SE only during set 1 (p < 0.001). Therefore, the distribution of movement tempo had a significant impact on peak bar velocity, but not on mean bar velocity. The decrease in peak bar velocity in the 3rd repetition during the S-E condition was observed only in the first set, while such a tendency was not observed in the second and third set.

AN ATTEMPT TO INDUCE POSTACTIVATION POTENTIATION TO IMPROVE KAYAK SPRINT PERFORMANCE USING AN ON-WATER KAYAK-SPECIFIC WARM UP

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050026
Author(s):  
SZE YING SOH ◽  
ABDUL RASHID AZIZ ◽  
MARCUS J.C. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Resistance Exercises ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tennis Balls

This study explores whether an on-water kayak-specific resistance exercise (KSRE) performed during the warm-up period can induce postactivation potentiation (PAP) to improve subsequent kayak-sprint performance. The KSRE involves stringing several tennis balls around the boat’s hull to induce drag while paddling. In a laboratory setting, 10 well-trained male ([Formula: see text]) and female ([Formula: see text]) kayakers performed three repetitions of the single-arm seated-row (SASR) at 91% one-repetition maximum to induce PAP and were assessed for their peak power output while performing SASR on the Keiser machine at two-minute intervals up to 16 min. Each individual’s latency period for the onset of PAP during this exercise was recorded. In separate sessions, athletes performed in random, a 30 m kayak-sprint in a swimming pool setting after either control (no pre-performance loading) or experimental (post-PAP induction via the KSRE taking into account the individual’ onset of PAP latencies period obtained in the laboratory) conditions. Criterion measures of boat velocities of the third and fourth stroke from the start and 30 m sprint times, assessed using video, were not significantly different between control and experimental conditions. The translation of increased power output elicited via PAP using land-based resistance exercises into water-based resistance exercises to improve kayak-sprint performance remains a challenge.

scholarly journals Does Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Occur during the Bench Press Exercise under Blood Flow Restriction?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Wilk ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Aleksandra Filip ◽  
Agnieszka Szkudlarek ◽  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
T Test ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Bar Velocity ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) during successive sets of the bench press (BP) exercise under blood flow restriction (BFR). Methods: The study included 10 strength-trained males (age = 29.8 ± 4.6 years; body mass = 94.3 ± 3.6 kg; BP 1-repetition maximum (1RM) = 168.5 ± 26.4 kg). The experiment was performed following a randomized crossover design, where each participant performed two different exercise protocols: under blood flow restriction (BFR) and control test protocol (CONT) without blood flow restriction. During the experimental sessions, the study participants performed 3 sets of 3 repetitions of the BP exercise at 70%1RM with a 5 min rest interval between sets. The differences in peak power output (PP), mean power output (MP), peak bar velocity (PV), and mean bar velocity (MV) between the CONT and BFR conditions were examined using 2-way (condition × set) repeated measures ANOVA. Furthermore, t-test comparisons between conditions were made for the set 2–set 1, set 3–set 1, and set 3–set 2 delta values for all variables. Results: The post hoc results for condition × set interaction in PP showed a significant increase in set 2 compared to set 1 for BFR (p < 0.01) and CONT (p = 0.01) conditions, a significant increase in set 3 compared to set 1 for the CONT (p = 0.01) condition, as well as a significant decrease in set 3 compared to set 1 for BFR condition occurred (p < 0.01). The post hoc results for condition × set interaction in PV showed a significant increase in set 2 compared to set 1 for BFR (p < 0.01) and CONT (p = 0.01) conditions, a significant increase in set 3 compared to set 1 for CONT (p = 0.03) condition, as well as a significant decrease in set 3 compared to set 1 for BFR condition (p < 0.01). The t-test comparisons showed significant differences in PP (p < 0.01) and PV (p = 0.01) for set 3–set 2 delta values between BFR and CONT conditions. Conclusion: The PAPE effect was analyzed through changes in power output and bar velocity that occurred under both the CONT and BFR conditions. However, the effects of PAPE have different kinetics in successive sets for BFR and for CONT conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy of Fenugreek Seed Extract Rinse and Nigella Sativa Seed Extract Rinse against Streptococcus Mutant Colonies

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Nasima Iqbal ◽  
ATA UR Rehman ◽  
Syeda Amber Zaidi ◽  
Kiran Khan ◽  
Lubna Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Fenugreek Seed ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Nigella Sativa Seed

Background: Dental infections were caused by the bacterium overgrowth on the surface of the tooth, and treatment should always be set up to prevent this development.Antibiotics have long been used as a conventional antibacterial medication, but their overuse has resulted in microbes gaining resistance to many of the antibiotics, trying to make many commercialized therapeutic remedies ineffectual and resulting to infection recurrence. In this regard we aim to analyze the antibacterial activity of nigella sativa seeds’ and fenugreek seed extract rinses against S. mutans' colonies. Methodology: It was a preclinical experimental study conducted at Baqai Medical and Dental College Karachi., from January - June 2021. Calculated sample size was n = 80 Consecutive sampling technique was used. Plaque of study participants was collected on sterile strips that was transported to laboratory for culture in sterile containers.The extract of Fenugreek seed and nigella sativa seed was kept in an airtight bottle and stored in a refrigerator till usage. The extracts were diluted in distilled water in 1:4 (Extract: Distilled water). Study participants were instructed to not brush their teeth before sampling. Study participants were divided into four groups (negative control, positive control, fenugreek seed extract group and Nigella sativa group) each group had 20 participants. Diluted Fenugreek seed extract and Nigella sativa extract was given to experimental groups for rinses. Results: There was significant decrease in number of colonies in positive controls, fenugreek seed extract group and nigella sativa extract group and there was no change in number of colonies in control group. Furthermore, the analysis showed significant (p-value = 0.001) difference among the groups followed by post hoc analysis. Post hoc analysis showed no difference between positive control, fenugreek seed extract group and nigella sativa group. Conclusion: Fenugreek seed extract and Nigella Sativa seed extract showed comparable antibacterial properties. Also, the effect was found to be similar to commercially available mouth rinse.

scholarly journals Effect of Tempo on Temporal Expectation Driven by Rhythms in Dual-Task Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihan Xu ◽  
Yanna Ren ◽  
Yosuke Misaki ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Sa Lu
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Temporal Expectation ◽  
Controlled Processing ◽  
Visual Rhythm ◽  
Fast Tempo ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
Dual Task Interference

Temporal expectation is the ability to focus attention at a particular moment in time to optimize performance, which has been shown to be driven by regular rhythms. However, whether the rhythm-based temporal expectations rely upon automatic processing or require the involvement of controlled processing has not been clearly established. Furthermore, whether the mechanism is affected by tempo remains unknown. To investigate this research question, the present study used a dual-task procedure. In a single task, the participants were instructed to respond to a visual target preceded by a regular or an irregular visual rhythm under a fast (500 ms) or slow (3,500 ms) tempo. The dual-task simultaneously combined a working memory (WM) task. The results showed temporal expectation effects in which the participants responded faster to the regular than to the irregular conditions in a single task. Moreover, this effect persisted under dual-task interference in the fast tempo condition but was impaired in the slow tempo condition. These results revealed that rhythmic temporal expectation induced by fast tempo was dependent on automatic processing. However, compared with the faster tempo, temporal expectation driven by a slower tempo might involve more controlled processing.

scholarly journals Differences between Tempos of Step Error and Postural Sway in the Stipulated Tempo Step Test for Children and Their Relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Hiroki Aoki ◽  
Shin-ichi Demura ◽  
Kenji Takahashi ◽  
Hiroshi Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Total Path Length ◽  
Fast Tempo ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
Slow Tempo

Recently, to evaluate dynamic balance ability, a stipulated tempo step test has been developed, and a step error between tempo and contact time of feet has been used as an evaluation variable. The step error, postural sway, and their relationships may differ between the slow tempo (40 bpm) and fast tempo (120 bpm). This study aimed to examine the aforementioned problem with 62 participant children (30 boys and 32 girls). The step error and postural sway variables (X-axis path length, Y-axis path length, total path length, peripheral area, and rectangular area) during stepping while matching both tempos were measured. Means of one minute and three intervals (0–20 sec, 20–40 sec, and 40–60 sec) for each variable were calculated in both tempos. The results of the paired t-test showed that means of all variables were larger in the 40 bpm tempo than in the 120 bpm tempo. In the multiple comparison tests after the results of the two-way repeated measures ANOVA, the means of three intervals in all variables were larger in the 40 bpm tempo than in the 120 bpm tempo; the means of the sway variables, excluding that of the X-axis path length, in the 40 bpm tempo were larger in the 0–20 sec interval than in the 20–40 sec interval or the 40–60 sec interval. Correlations between step errors and those between the step error and sway variables of both tempos were insignificant or under moderation. The correlations between the step error and sway variables in both tempos were insignificant or significant but low, and those among sway variables were high, except between the X- and Y-axis path lengths. The relationship between both axis path lengths differed according to the tempo. In conclusion, in the case of the stipulated tempo step test targeting children, the slow tempo has a greater step error and postural sway than the fast tempo, and the sway in the early step stage is greater in the slow tempo. The relationships between step errors and between the step error and sway variables of both tempos are low; hence, the ability related to the test may differ in both tempos. The relationships among sway variables in both tempos are high, except between the X- and Y-axis path lengths.

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