The Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Anthropometric Parameters, Metabolic Adaptation, and Physical Fitness Performance in Amateur Endurance Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Moreno-Villanueva ◽  
Markel Rico-González ◽  
José Pino-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters

scholarly journals Análisis de la capacidad aeróbica como cualidad esencial de la condición física de los estudiantes: Una revisión sistemática (Analysis of aerobic capacity as an essential quality of students’ physical condition: A systematic review)

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Gabriel González Valero ◽  
Félix Zurita Ortega ◽  
Silvia San Román Mata ◽  
Antonio José Pérez Cortés ◽  
Pilar Puertas Molero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Revisión Sistemática

Las etapas educativas relativas a la infancia y adolescencia son periodos esenciales para promocionar los estilos de vida saludables, tales como el incremento de la actividad física y la mejora de la condición física. La capacidad aeróbica es una de las cualidades más importantes de la condición física relacionadas con la salud, ya que representa una medida directa del grado general de salud y de manera específica del estado del sistema cardiovascular, respiratorio y metabólico. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar el efecto de la capacidad aeróbica en estudiantes, mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura científica. La búsqueda bibliográfica se ha realizado en la base de datos Web of Science y SCOPUS, obteniendo una población de 293 artículos publicados entre 1997-2017. Tras la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron 26 estudios para su posterior análisis y tratamiento. Podemos decir que la capacidad aeróbica del alumnado se encuentra relacionada de forma considerable con los niveles de actividad física, parámetros antropométricos y aspectos del rendimiento académico y mental. Por ello, se resalta la necesidad de aumentar el número de investigaciones que analicen y/o traten la capacidad aeróbica como uno de los principales indicadores de salud relacionada con la condición física, ejerciendo así un papel protector frente a distintas enfermedades futuras.Abstract. The educational stages related to childhood and adolescence are essential periods for the promotion of healthy behaviors, such as increased physical activity and improved physical fitness. Aerobic capacity is one of the most important qualities of health-related physical fitness, as it represents a direct measure of general health as well as it specifically defines the state of cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic systems. The main objective of this work is to analyze the effect of aerobic capacity in students through a systematic review of scientific literature. The bibliographic search was done in the Web of Science and SCOPUS databases, obtaining a population of 293 articles published between 1997 and 2017. After the inclusion criteria were applied, 26 studies were selected for further analysis and treatment. The review highlights that students’ aerobic capacity is significantly associated with physical activity levels, anthropometric parameters, and certain aspects of academic and mental performance. Therefore, the need to increase research analyzing and / or treating aerobic capacity as one of the main health indicators related to physical fitness is emphasized, as this quality plays a protective role in relation to different future diseases.

Autonomic and Perceptual Responses to Induction of a Ketogenic Diet in Free-Living Endurance Athletes: A Randomized, Crossover Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ed Maunder ◽  
Deborah K. Dulson ◽  
David M. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Recovery Stress ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Dietary Shift

Purpose: Considerable interindividual heterogeneity has been observed in endurance performance responses following induction of a ketogenic diet (KD). It is plausible that a physiological stress response in the period following the dramatic dietary shift associated with transition to a KD may explain this heterogeneity. Methods: In a randomized, crossover study design, 8 trained male runners completed an incremental exercise test and ran to exhaustion at 70%VO2max before and after a 31-day rigorously controlled habitual diet or KD intervention, and recorded heart rate variability (root mean square of the sum of successive differences in R–R intervals [rMSSD]) upon waking each morning along with the recovery–stress questionnaire for athletes each week. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models. Results: A significant reduction in rMSSD was observed in the KD (−9.77 [4.03] ms, P = .02), along with an increase in day-to-day variability in rMSSD (2.1% [1.0%], P = .03). The reduction in rMSSD in the KD for the subgroup of individuals exhibiting impaired exercise capacity following induction of the KD approached significance (Δ −22 [15] ms, P = .06, N = 4); whereas no effect was observed in those who exhibited unchanged exercise capacity (Δ 5 [18] ms, P = .61, N = 4). No main effects were observed for recovery–stress questionnaire for athletes. Conclusions: Our data suggest those working with endurance athletes transitioning onto a KD may consider using noninvasive, inexpensive resting heart rate variability measures to gain individual-level insights into the likely short-term effects on exercise capacity.

Adaptation to a ketogenic diet modulates adaptive and mucosal immune markers in trained male endurance athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
David M. Shaw ◽  
Fabrice Merien ◽  
Andrea Braakhuis ◽  
Lauren Keaney ◽  
Deborah K. Dulson
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Immune Markers

scholarly journals The ketogenic diet corrects metabolic hypogonadism and preserves pancreatic ß-cell function in overweight/obese men: a single-arm uncontrolled study

Endocrine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro La Vignera ◽  
Rossella Cannarella ◽  
Fabio Galvano ◽  
Agata Grillo ◽  
Antonio Aversa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
C Peptide

Abstract Background Overweight and obesity are increasingly spread in our society. Low testosterone levels are often present in these patients, the so-called metabolic hypogonadism, that further alters the metabolic balance in a sort of vicious cycle. Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has been reported to efficiently reduce body weight, glycaemia, and the serum levels of insulin, glycated hemoglobin, but its effects on β-cell function and total testosterone (TT) levels are less clear. Aim To evaluate the effects of VLCKD on markers suggested to be predictive of β-cell dysfunction development, such as proinsulin or proinsulin/insulin ratio, and on TT values in a cohort of overweight or obese nondiabetic male patients with metabolic hypogonadism. Methods Patients with overweight or obesity and metabolic hypogonadism underwent to VLCKD for 12 weeks. Anthropometric parameters, blood testing for the measurement of glycaemia, insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, TT, calculation of body-mass index (BMI), and HOMA index were performed before VLCKD and after 12 weeks. Results Twenty patients (mean age 49.3 ± 5.2 years) were enrolled. At enrollement all patients presented increased insulin, HOMA index, C-peptide, and proinsulin levels, whereas the proinsulin/insulin ratio was within the normal values. After VLCKD treatment, body weight and BMI significantly decreased, and 14.9 ± 3.9% loss of the initial body weight was achieved. Glycaemia, insulin, HOMA index, C-peptide, and proinsulin significantly decreased compared to pre-VLCKD levels. Serum glycaemia, insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin levels returned within the normal range in all patients. No difference in the proinsulin/insulin ratio was observed after VLCKD treatment. A mean increase of 218.1 ± 53.9% in serum TT levels was achieved and none of the patients showed TT values falling in the hypogonadal range at the end of the VLCKD treatment. Conclusions This is the first study that evaluated the effects of VLCKD on proinsulin, proinsulin/insulin ratio, and TT levels. VLCKD could be safely used to improve β-cell secretory function and insulin-sensitivity, and to rescue overweight and obese patients from β-cell failure and metabolic hypogonadism.

scholarly journals Anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness and the prediction of throwing velocity in handball men young players

Kinesiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M. Saavedra ◽  
Kristján Halldórsson ◽  
Hafrún Kristjánsdóttir ◽  
Sveinn Þorgeirsson ◽  
Geir Sveinsson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
National Team ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Medicine Ball

The objectives of this study were: (i) to analyse anthropometric parameters, physical fitness, and throwing velocity of handball male elite youth players of different ages; and (ii) to develop a multivariate model that explains throwing velocity. Fifty-three handball men players (17.99±1.68 years old), members of the Icelandic National Teams, participated in the study. The participants were classified into the U21 National Team (n=12), U19 National Team (n=17), and U17 National Team (n=24). All were evaluated by basic anthropometry (body height, body mass, body mass index), physical fitness tests (counter movement jump, medicine ball throw, hand dynamometry, 10 m and 30 m sprint, yo-yo IR2 test) and ball speed after various handball throws at goal (a 7-m throw, a 9-m ground shot after a three-step run-up, and a 9-m jump shot after a three-step approach). A one-way analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to establish the differences between the teams. Multiple linear regression was used to predict the speed of the ball from each of the three shots taken for each team. There were no differences between the U21 and U19 teams except for the medicine ball throw, but the U19 team scored better than the U17 team in almost all variables. Ball speed after a handball shot was predicted (between 22% and 70% of accuracy) with only one or two physical fitness variables in each model ‒ medicine ball throw (in four models), counter movement jump (in two models), and 10 m sprint (in two models), being the variables that were most selective.

scholarly journals Changes in anthropometric parameters and physical fitness in older adults after participating in a 16-week physical activity program

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Pablo Valdés-Badilla ◽  
Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz ◽  
Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo ◽  
Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf ◽  
Yeny Concha-Cisternas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Physical Activity Program ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Activity Program

Introduction: Physical activity is important for achieving healthy aging. Objective: To analyze changes in anthropometric parameters and physical fitness among Chilean older adults after participating in a 16-week physical activity program and to evaluate whether there were differences in relation to their baseline nutritional status or not. Materials and methods: Pre-experimental quantitative study. The study population consisted of 176 older adults (155 women and 21 men) distributed in three groups: normal weight (n=56), overweight (n=67) and obese (n=53). The following variables were evaluated: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and physical fitness. Results: Significant decreases between pre- and post-measurements were found for WC (p<0.001), BMI (p=0.015), and WHR (p<0.001). Improvements were observed in the following tests: chair stand (p<0.001), arm curl (p<0.001), 2-min step (p<0.001), chair sit-&-reach (p=0.018) and back scratch (p=0.014). Regarding BMI, significant changes were observed between normal weight vs. overweight participants (p=0.001) and between normal weight vs. obese participants (p=0.001). Conclusion: Older adult participants that regularly attended the physical activity program were able to reduce their WC, BMI and WHR, and also improved their physical-functional performance on the chair stand, arm curl, 2-min step, chair sit-&-reach and back scratch tests. In addition, anthropometric parameters and physical fitness also improved regardless of their baseline nutritional status.  

scholarly journals A study on oxygen independent fitness (anaerobic capacity) in pre-collegiate boys of Vijayapur, North Karnataka, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2062
Author(s):  
Mohamed Siddiq ◽  
Salim A. Dhundasi ◽  
Mohammed Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Fitness Index

Background: The anaerobic capacity is a useful concept, its application during exercise testing should considerably increase the information gained regarding cardiovascular function in health and disease. The objective was to evaluate oxygen independent fitness (anaerobic capacity) in pre-collegiate boys (age group of 16-18 years) of Vijayapur, North Karnataka, India.Methods: Eighty seven young adolescent healthy pre-collegiate boys volunteered for this study. The following parameters were recorded: Physical anthropometric parameters: body surface area, body mass index, body fat percentage, Physiological parameters: Blood pressure, physical fitness index test and anaerobic fitness step test. Correlation analysis and Z tests were used to analyze the obtained data.Results: Physical anthropometric parameters of the subjects were found within normal range. Statistically significant exercise induced rise in blood pressure were observed in physical fitness step test. Anaerobic capacity was correlated with body surface area, body mass index, body fat percentage and pre and post exercise blood pressure. Physical fitness index was not correlated with anaerobic capacity.  Conclusions:The physical fitness index was in good category, normal physiological response to exercise but physical fitness index not correlated with anaerobic capacity. Anaerobic capacity was found within normal range in pre-collegiate boys of age 16-18 years in study area. Ideal body mass index may not be possible in this age group. 

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