Differential Associations of Coping Strategies With Grief and Depression in Young Adults: The Role of Cause of Death and Relationship to the Deceased

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-194
Author(s):  
Cyrille Kossigan Kokou-Kpolou ◽  
Askar Jumageldinov ◽  
Sunyoung Park ◽  
Nicolas Nieuviarts ◽  
Chama Khales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Counseling Interventions ◽  
Persistent Complex Bereavement ◽  
Identity Disruption ◽  
Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The impact of loss by death in young adults has been underinvestigated, although higher rates of traumatic deaths are reported at this developmental stage. This study examined the relative differential consequences of bereavement-related factors for Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) and depression. In addition, coping strategies predicting the study outcomes were examined as a function of bereavement-related factors. Methods: The study included 580 bereaved young adults with up to 5-year post loss. They were administered a battery of valided tools measuring PCBD symptoms, normal acute grief reactions as measured by the Core Bereavement Items scale, depressive symptoms, coping strategies, and bereavement-related characteristics. Covariance and regression analyses were used. Results: We found that the dimensions of PCBD and depressive symptoms were differentially associated with the bereavement-related factors. More specifically, the death of an immediate family member was associated with higher levels of PCBD-separation distress, whereas the traumatic death of a friend and romantic partner was more associated with PCBD-social and identity disruption. Furthermore, the study revealed differential associations between PCBD severity, depressive symptoms, and coping strategies as functions of bereavement-related factors. Discussion: The study has provided better understanding of clinical manifestations of PCBD as a function of etiologic risk factors. The results clarifying risk and protective factors are especially useful for improving effective bereavement-health counseling interventions among bereaved young adults.

Relations between plasma oxytocin, depressive symptoms and coping strategies in response to a stressor: the impact of social support

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Opal A. McInnis ◽  
Robyn J. McQuaid ◽  
Kimberly Matheson ◽  
Hymie Anisman
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Sex-Related Factors in Cardiovascular Complications Associated to COVID-19

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Francesca Megiorni ◽  
Paola Pontecorvi ◽  
Giulia Gerini ◽  
Eleni Anastasiadou ◽  
Cinzia Marchese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Gender Influence ◽  
Behavioral Cues ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), presents with an extremely heterogeneous spectrum of symptoms and signs. The clinical manifestations seem to be correlated with disease severity. COVID-19 susceptibility and mortality show a significant sex imbalance, with men being more prone to infection and showing a higher rate of hospitalization and mortality compared to women. Such variability can be ascribed to both sex-related biological factors and gender-related behavioral cues. This review will discuss the potential mechanisms accounting for sex/gender influence in vulnerability to COVID-19. Cardiovascular diseases play a central role in determining COVID-19 outcome, whether they are pre-existent or arose upon infection. We will pay particular attention to the impact of sex and gender on cardiovascular manifestations related to COVID-19. Finally, we will discuss the sex-dependent variability in some biomarkers for the evaluation of COVID-19 infection and prognosis. The aim of this work is to highlight the significance of gendered medicine in setting up personalized programs for COVID-19 prevention, clinical evaluation and treatment.

scholarly journals Impact of MDCAT scores on pessimism, loneliness, and depressive symptoms: Moderating role of coping strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Iram Fatima ◽  
Masood Nadeem ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Naeem ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Zeeshan Raza
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

This study was designed to evaluate the impact of MDCAT scores on pessimism, loneliness, and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, to check the moderating effect of coping strategies. Purposive sample technique was used to get the relevant sample. MDCAT failures (N = 149) from different educational organization of Bahawalpur (Pakistan) were included in the research as sample. Demographic form, Siddiqui Shah Depression Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Life Orientation Test and Coping Styles Scale were administered to assess the impact of MDCAT scores on pessimism, depressive and loneliness symptoms among MDCAT failures and to assess the moderating role of coping strategies. For statistical analysis PLS and SPSS software were used. PLS algorithm, PLS bootstrapping, PLS moderation analysis and independent sample t-test were used to get the results. Results reveal that there is a significant impact of MDCAT scores on pessimism, depressive and loneliness symptoms. Also, there is significant positive relationship among pessimism, depressive and loneliness symptoms. Problem focused coping significantly moderate the relationship between MDCAT scores and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, problem focused coping has significant negative relationship with pessimism, depressive and loneliness symptoms. Moreover, emotion focused coping has significant positive relationship with depressive symptoms. Female were found having more emotion focused coping. The findings of the study have practical implications in providing insight relevant for development of psychological disturbance in MDCAT failures.

scholarly journals Coping Strategies and Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Young Adult Victims of Cyberstalking: A Questionnaire Survey in an Italian Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Begotti ◽  
Martina Bollo ◽  
Daniela Acquadro Maran
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Proactive Behavior ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Psychotropic Substances ◽  
The Impact

Aims: In the last decade, the use of smartphones, computers and devices has progressively increased, and prolonged use of technology and the internet has generated new arenas (and tools) for victimization. The first aim of this study was to analyze the use of coping strategies in young adult self-declared victims of cyberstalking. The coping strategies were categorized as proactive behavior, avoidance tactics and passivity. To better understand these strategies, they were analyzed in light of the experience of victimization in terms of incurred misconduct. The second aim was to analyze the coping strategies and the consequences (in terms of depression and anxiety) that occurred in victims; a comparison was made between males and females. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to over 433 young adults living in Italy. The questionnaires were filled out by 398 (92%) subjects, 41% males and 59% females. Their ages ranged from 18 to 30 years (M = 23.5, SD = 2.76). Respondents took part on a voluntary basis and did not receive any compensation (or extra credit) for their participation. Results: Findings from this investigation confirmed that among victims, females were more prone than males to experience cyberstalking (respectively, 65% and 35%), with females experiencing a higher percentage of more than one form of cyberstalking behavior than males. Young adult male victims used the internet principally for online gaming, and for this activity, they experienced more cyberstalking behavior than females. In most cases, the perpetrator was a male, and the victim–cyberstalker relationship was a friendship or an acquaintance. For the coping strategies adopted, the findings indicated that the victims were more prone to use avoidance tactics than proactivity behavior and passivity strategies. Young adults involved in this investigation mainly used avoidance tactics to cope with the stressful situation, which implies that they preferred to decrease the use of the internet or stop online contact than collect evidence and try to contact and reason with the cyberstalker or increase the misuse of alcohol of psychotropic substances. Moreover, females were less prone to use proactive behavior than expected. Our findings suggested that males were more prone than females to adopt passivity strategies, while females were more prone to adopt avoidance tactics. Moreover, the data showed that proactivity behavior was adopted more in the case of online contacts and online identity fraud, while passivity strategies were adopted in the case of online threats. Conclusion: Findings from this investigation show the importance of improving the knowledge about the coping strategies that could be suggested to victims and the impact on their psychological health.

scholarly journals Psychological Impact and Associated Factors During the Containment Stage of Covid-19 Epidemic Among College Students in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyu Si ◽  
Xiao-You Su ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Wen-Jun Wang ◽  
Xiao-Fen Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
College Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background College students are a uniquely vulnerable group and may experience high stress levels due to COVID-19. This study aims to identify the the psychological state and related factors on Chinese college students during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods From February 23 to March 5, 2020, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 3606 college students from seven provinces in China using standard questionnaires measuring adverse psychological outcomes and related factors including Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used to determine underlying constructs of the perceived threat items. Multivariate regression was used to explore the determinants of adverse psychological impact. Results Posttraumatic stress (PTS) were prevalent in this sample of college students, and 34.22% met the cut-off for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The proportion of having mild to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were 15.70%, 13.31% and 7.10%, respectively. The impact of closed-off management on life, perceived threat and passive coping strategies were positively correlated to PTS and DASS scores, while knowledge score, perceived social support and active coping strategies were negatively correlated to DASS scores. Conclusions In summary, adverse psychological symptoms were prevalent among college students in China during the COVID-19 epidemic. Identifying vulnerable populations and formulating correspondingly psychological interventions would be beneficial to improve the mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic.

How Loneliness is Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Spanish College Students: Examining Specific Coping Strategies as Mediators

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia de la Fuente ◽  
Edward C. Chang ◽  
Olga Cardeñoso ◽  
Olivia D. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
And Coping

AbstractIn this study, we examined coping strategies as a mediator of the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms. A sample of 364 Spanish young adults (75.5% females) completed measures of loneliness, coping, and depressive symptoms. In general, results from computing correlations (controlling for gender) indicated that loneliness was negatively associated with the use of one engaged coping strategy (viz., problem solving) and positively associated with the use of disengaged coping strategies (e.g., problem avoidance). A multiple mediation analysis (controlling for gender) was conducted to test for mediation. Results of this analysis indicated that part of the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms can be explained by the use of one engaged coping strategy (viz., problem solving; indirect effect, p < .05) and a variety of disengaged coping strategies (viz., problem avoidance, wishful thinking, social withdrawal, & self criticism; indirect effects, p < .05). Overall, the prediction model including loneliness and coping strategies was found to account for a large (f2 = .68) 40.5% of the variance in depressive symptoms in Spanish young adults. The present findings are the first to clarify how the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms in Spanish young adults might be due in part to the use of different coping strategies. Some implications for theory and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals The trajectories of depressive symptoms among working adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal analysis of the InHamilton COVID-19 study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Joshi ◽  
Andrea Gonzalez ◽  
Lauren Griffith ◽  
Laura Duncan ◽  
Harriet MacMillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Longitudinal studies examining the impact of changes in COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors and experiences, and coping styles on the mental health trajectory of employed individuals during the lockdown are limited. The study examined the mental health trajectories of a sample of employed adults in Hamilton, Ontario during the initial lockdown and after the re-opening following the first wave in Canada. Further, this study also identified the pandemic-related stressors and coping strategies associated with changes in depressive symptoms in employed adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The InHamilton COVID-19 longitudinal study involved 579 employees aged 22–88 years from a large public university in an urban area of Hamilton, Ontario at baseline (April 2020). Participants were followed monthly with 6 waves of data collected between April and November 2020. A growth mixture modeling approach was used to identify distinct groups of adults who followed a similar pattern of depressive symptoms over time and to describe the longitudinal change in the outcome within and among the identified sub-groups. Results Our results showed two distinct trajectories of change with 66.2% of participants displaying low-consistent patterns of depressive symptoms, and 33.8% of participants displaying high-increasing depressive symptom patterns. COVID-19 pandemic-related experiences including health concerns, caregiving burden, and lack of access to resources were associated with worsening of the depressive symptom trajectories. Frequent use of dysfunctional coping strategies and less frequent use of emotion-focused coping strategies were associated with the high and increasing depressive symptom pattern. Conclusions The negative mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are specific to subgroups within the population and stressors may persist and worsen over time. Providing access to evidence-informed approaches that foster adaptive coping, alleviate the depressive symptoms, and promote the mental health of working adults is critical.

scholarly journals Two Cases of Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder Diagnosed in the Acute Inpatient Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Olalekan Olaolu ◽  
Terrence Tumenta ◽  
Samuel Adeyemo ◽  
Olusegun Popoola ◽  
Oluwatoyin Oladeji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Inpatient Unit ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Separation Distress ◽  
Pathological Grief ◽  
Persistent Complex Bereavement ◽  
Identity Disruption ◽  
Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder

Pathological grief has been noted to have considerable adverse effects on affected individuals. In the DSM-5, the diagnosis of complicated grief is included under conditions for further study as Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD). PCBD can be easily missed because it is a relatively new and developing diagnosis. It can also be overlooked when it is comorbid with more common psychiatric disorders. We present 2 patients with PCBD diagnosed in the inpatient unit, while the patients were admitted for comorbid disorders. PCBD contributed immensely to both patients’ suffering and decline in functioning. This report highlights the presentation, diagnoses, and management of these patients. We theorize that paying attention to separation distress, reactive distress to loss, and identity disruption in individuals who have been bereaved for over 12 months will enhance treatment specificity and lead to better patient outcomes.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

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