Fast, Portable and Low-Cost 3D Foot Digitizers: Validity and Reliability of Measurements

The validity and reliability of a novel mobile app to measure agility performance in the physically active youth population

European Journal of Human Movement ◽

10.21134/eurjhm.2020.45.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 85-92

Author(s):

Juan A. Escobar-Alvarez ◽

Rocio Carrasco ◽

Pedro R. Olivares ◽

Sebastián Feu ◽

Robinson Ramírez-Velez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Standard Error ◽

Low Cost ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Mobile App ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Physically Active ◽

Youth Population ◽

Acceptable Reliability

Agility is a key component of physical fitness in adolescents. However, the measurement of this variable is usually complex, requiring high cost instruments and complex software. To test the validity and reliability of a novel iPhone app (Lap Tracker Auto-timer) to measure agility performance among adolescents. Twenty-four physically active adolescents (15.7 ± 2.3 years old) participated in two testing sessions (separated by 7 days). They performed three 4 x 10 m agility test trials measured by Photocell or the iPhone app. The correlation analysis revealed high validity (r = .92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .88 – .95), with a standard error of the estimate of 0.56 s (p < 0.001). The coefficient of variation (CV; 0.09) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC; .93; 95% CI = .85 – .97) showed an acceptable reliability. This study demonstrated that the iPhone App Lap Tracker Auto-timer could be a valid, reliable and low-cost tool to evaluate agility performance in adolescents. However, more studies are required to guarantee the utility of this app.

Assessing the Validity and Reliability of A Low-Cost Microcontroller-Based Load Cell Amplifier for Measuring Lower Limb and Upper Limb Muscular Force

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20174999 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (17) ◽

pp. 4999

Author(s):

Julie Gaudet ◽

Grant Handrigan

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Low Cost ◽

Load Cell ◽

Manual Muscle Testing ◽

Muscular Force ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Muscle Testing ◽

Isometric Muscle

Lower and upper limb maximum muscular force development is an important indicator of physical capacity. Manual muscle testing, load cell coupled with a signal conditioner, and handheld dynamometry are three widely used techniques for measuring isometric muscle strength. Recently, there is a proliferation of low-cost tools that have potential to be used to measure muscle strength. This study examined both the criterion validity, inter-day reliability and intra-day reliability of a microcontroller-based load cell amplifier for quantifying muscle strength. To do so, a low-cost microcontroller-based load cell amplifier for measuring lower and upper limb maximal voluntary isometric muscular force was compared to a commercial grade signal conditioner and to a handheld dynamometer. The results showed that the microcontroller-based load cell amplifier correlated nearly perfectly (Pearson's R-values between 0.947 to 0.992) with the commercial signal conditioner and the handheld dynamometer, and showed good to excellent association when calculating ICC scores, with values of 0.9582 [95% C.I.: 0.9297–0.9752] for inter-day reliability and of 0.9269 [95% C.I.: 0.8909–0.9533] for session one, intra-day reliability. Such results may have implications for how the evaluation of muscle strength measurement is conducted in the future, particularly for offering a commercial-like grade quality, low cost, portable and flexible option.

Validity and reliability of an online self-report 24-h dietary recall method (Intake24): a doubly labelled water study and repeated-measures analysis

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2019.20 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Emma Foster ◽

Clement Lee ◽

Fumiaki Imamura ◽

Stefanie E. Hollidge ◽

Kate L. Westgate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dietary Assessment ◽

Self Report ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Using Data ◽

Objectively Measured

Abstract Online self-reported 24-h dietary recall systems promise increased feasibility of dietary assessment. Comparison against interviewer-led recalls established their convergent validity; however, reliability and criterion-validity information is lacking. The validity of energy intakes (EI) reported using Intake24, an online 24-h recall system, was assessed against concurrent measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE) using doubly labelled water in ninety-eight UK adults (40–65 years). Accuracy and precision of EI were assessed using correlation and Bland–Altman analysis. Test–retest reliability of energy and nutrient intakes was assessed using data from three further UK studies where participants (11–88 years) completed Intake24 at least four times; reliability was assessed using intra-class correlations (ICC). Compared with TEE, participants under-reported EI by 25 % (95 % limits of agreement −73 % to +68 %) in the first recall, 22 % (−61 % to +41 %) for average of first two, and 25 % (−60 % to +28 %) for first three recalls. Correlations between EI and TEE were 0·31 (first), 0·47 (first two) and 0·39 (first three recalls), respectively. ICC for a single recall was 0·35 for EI and ranged from 0·31 for Fe to 0·43 for non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES). Considering pairs of recalls (first two v. third and fourth recalls), ICC was 0·52 for EI and ranged from 0·37 for fat to 0·63 for NMES. EI reported with Intake24 was moderately correlated with objectively measured TEE and underestimated on average to the same extent as seen with interviewer-led 24-h recalls and estimated weight food diaries. Online 24-h recall systems may offer low-cost, low-burden alternatives for collecting dietary information.

Simple Assessment of Height and Length of Flight in Complex Gymnastic Skills: Validity and Reliability of a Two-Dimensional Video Analysis Method

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9193975 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (19) ◽

pp. 3975 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christoph Schärer ◽

Luca von Siebenthal ◽

Ishbel Lomax ◽

Micah Gross ◽

Wolfgang Taube ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Video Analysis ◽

Interrater Reliability ◽

Average Length ◽

Low Cost ◽

Peak Height ◽

3D Analysis ◽

Random Errors ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Intrarater Reliability ◽

2D And 3D

In artistic gymnastics, the possibility of using 2D video analysis to measure the peak height (hpeak) and length of flight (L) during routine training in order to monitor the execution and development of difficult elements is intriguing. However, the validity and reliability of such measurements remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, the hpeak and L of 38 vaults, performed by top-level gymnasts, were assessed by 2D and 3D analysis in order to evaluate criterion validity and both intrarater and interrater reliability of the 2D method. Validity calculations showed higher accuracy for hpeak (±95% LoA: ±3.6% of average peak height) than for L (±95% LoA: ±7.6% of average length). Minor random errors, but no systematic errors, were observed in the examination of intrarater reliability (hpeak: CV% = 0.44%, p = 0.81; L: CV% = 0.87%, p = 0.14) and interrater reliability (hpeak: CV% = 0.51%, p = 0.55; L: CV% = 0.72%, p = 0.44). In conclusion, the validity and reliability of the 2D method are deemed sufficient (particularly for hpeak, but with some limitations for L) to justify its use in routine training of the vault. Due to its simplicity and low cost, this method could be an attractive monitoring tool for gymnastics coaches.

Validity and Reliability of Isometric-Bench for Knee Isometric Assessment

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17124326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 4326

Author(s):

Johnny Padulo ◽

Nebojša Trajković ◽

Drazen Cular ◽

Zoran Grgantov ◽

Dejan M. Madić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Flexion ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

High Reliability ◽

Low Cost ◽

Isometric Strength ◽

Systematic Bias ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽

Isometric Forces ◽

Flexion And Extension

There is a strong need for a new, probably cheaper, smaller, and more portable isometric dynamometer. With this aim, we investigated the concurrent validity and reliability of a low-cost portable dynamometer to measure the isometric strength of the lower limb. Seventeen young participants (age 16.47 ± 0.51 years) were randomly assessed on three different days for knee flexion and extension isometric forces with two different devices: a commonly used isokinetic dynamometer (ISOC) and a portable isometric dynamometer prototype (ISOM). No significant differences were observed between the ISOC and the ISOM (all comparisons p > 0.05). Test–retest comparison showed the ISOM to have high reliability (ICC 0.879–0.990). This study showed that measurements with the ISOM could be performed without systematic bias and with high reliability. The ISOM is a device that is able to assess knee isometric strength with excellent concurrent validity and reliability.

Validity and Reliability of a Smartphone and Digital Inclinometer in Measuring the Lower Extremity Joints Range of Motion

Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine ◽

10.26773/mjssm.210907 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 47-52

Author(s):

Walaa S. Mohammad ◽

◽

Faten F. Elattar ◽

Walaa M. Elsais ◽

Salameh O. AlDajah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Low Cost ◽

Smart Phone ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Plane Motion ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Digital Inclinometer

In clinical settings, available valid and reliable tools are important components in evaluating the lower extremity range of motion. Although the digital inclinometer is highly reliable compared to the universal goniometer, its availability and high cost impede its extensive use. Nowadays, smartphone applications have become widely available to clinicians for assessing the joint range of motion. The present study aims to assess the validity and intra-rater reliability of the smart- phone application “Clinometer” for measuring hip, knee, and ankle sagittal ranges of motion, using the digital inclinom- eter as the reference standard. Active hip, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion range-of-motion mea- surements were recorded in 102 young, healthy female participants on two separate occasions using Clinometer and a digital inclinometer. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were used to evaluate the smartphone application’s validity against the digital inclinometer. To assess the reliability of the Clinometer app, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable difference (MDD) were used. Clinometer displayed excellent validity when compared to the digital inclinometer for hip and knee movements (r>0.90), while ankle ROM displayed moderate validity (r = 0.52-0.57). Additionally, Clinometer demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC > 0.90) for hip and knee sagittal plane motion and moderate reliability for the ankle sagittal plane motion (ICC = 0.53–0.67). Cli- nometer is a portable, low-cost, valid, and reliable tool for assessing active hip and knee range of motions and can be easily incorporated into clinical settings; however, it cannot be used interchangeably for ankle measures.

Step and Distance Measurement From a Low-Cost Consumer-Based Hip and Wrist Activity Monitor: Protocol for a Validity and Reliability Assessment (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.21262 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Carlin ◽

Nicolas Vuillerme

Keyword(s):

Walking Speed ◽

Low Cost ◽

Activity Monitor ◽

Distance Measurement ◽

Step Count ◽

Mobile Technologies ◽

Experimental Session ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Activity Monitors ◽

Study Results

BACKGROUND Self-tracking via wearable and mobile technologies is becoming an essential part of personal health management. At this point, however, little information is available to substantiate the validity and reliability of low-cost consumer-based hip and wrist activity monitors, with regard more specifically to the measurements of step counts and distance traveled while walking. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to assess the validity and reliability of step and distance measurement from a low-cost consumer-based hip and wrist activity monitor specific in various walking conditions that are commonly encountered in daily life. Specifically, this study is designed to evaluate whether and to what extent validity and reliability could depend on the sensor placement on the human body and the walking task being performed. METHODS Thirty healthy participants will be instructed to wear four PBN 2433 (Nakosite) activity monitors simultaneously, with one placed on each hip and each wrist. Participants will attend two experimental sessions separated by 1 week. During each experimental session, two separate studies will be performed. In study 1, participants will be instructed to complete a 2-minute walk test along a 30-meter indoor corridor under 3 walking speeds: very slow, slow, and usual speed. In study 2, participants will be required to complete the following 3 conditions performed at usual walking speed: walking on flat ground, upstairs, and downstairs. Activity monitor measured step count and distance values will be computed along with the actual step count (determined from video recordings) and distance (measured using a measuring tape) to determine validity and reliability for each activity monitor placement and each walking condition. RESULTS Participant recruitment and data collection began in January 2020. As of June 2020, we enrolled 8 participants. Dissemination of study results in peer-reviewed journals is expected in spring 2021. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the validity and reliability of step and distance measurement during walking using the PBN 2433 (Nakosite) activity monitor. Results of this study will provide beneficial information on the effects of activity monitor placement, walking speed, and walking tasks on the validity and reliability of step and distance measurement. We believe such information is of utmost importance to general consumers, clinicians, and researchers. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/21262

Design of Web Virtual Reality for Job Interview Preparation Simulation

Lontar Komputer Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi ◽

10.24843/lkjiti.2020.v11.i03.p02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 132

Author(s):

Pius Dian Widi Anggoro

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Web Application ◽

Low Cost ◽

Learning System ◽

Average Score ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Job Interview ◽

English Class ◽

Learning Platform ◽

The Web

The implementation of Virtual Reality (VR) in education is a breakthrough in using technology to support the teaching-learning system. This study will provide more knowledge about the use of VR in English classes. Students can practice answering interview questions in their own place, as often as they need. Students also can practice answering interview questions. This research is use VR technology in a web platform for job interview simulation cases. In the early stages, the evaluation to review the use of VR technology that running on low-specification smartphones (Low-Cost Device), which require a lower internet connection. The WebVR and React 360 libraries were used to develop the virtual environments and JavaScript for the language. The Web Speech API was used to convert the test into conversations by taking questions from the web service on the Moodle learning platform that was connected to PostgreSQL. The first test methods were the web application performance, then followed by Alpha Testing, a validation test by media and material experts. Than it continued in Beta Testing where a product test by 15 English class students participants. The data collection technique used a questionnaire that has to be answered by the participants. The validity and reliability tests were carried out for product usage test. The results obtained from the assessment of media experts and participant provide an assessment score of 83.10 from the experts and 77.58 from the users. The average score obtained is 80.34 which is included in the feasible category. Therefore, this learning media is ready to be used to support learning in English class.

Validity and reliability of a low-cost dynamometer to assess maximal isometric strength of upper limb

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640414.2019.1594570 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (15) ◽

pp. 1787-1793 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natalia Romero-Franco ◽

Juan C Fernández-Domínguez ◽

Juan A Montaño-Munuera ◽

Javier Romero-Franco ◽

Pedro Jiménez-Reyes

Keyword(s):

Upper Limb ◽

Low Cost ◽

Isometric Strength ◽

Validity And Reliability

An Experimental Study on the Validity and Reliability of a Smartphone Application to Acquire Temporal Variables during the Single Sit-to-Stand Test with Older Adults

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21062050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 2050

Author(s):

Diogo Luís Marques ◽

Henrique Pereira Neiva ◽

Ivan Miguel Pires ◽

Eftim Zdravevski ◽

Martin Mihajlov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Low Cost ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Smartphone Application ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Systematic Bias ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Stand Test ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Temporal Variables

Smartphone sensors have often been proposed as pervasive measurement systems to assess mobility in older adults due to their ease of use and low-cost. This study analyzes a smartphone-based application’s validity and reliability to quantify temporal variables during the single sit-to-stand test with institutionalized older adults. Forty older adults (20 women and 20 men; 78.9 ± 8.6 years) volunteered to participate in this study. All participants performed the single sit-to-stand test. Each sit-to-stand repetition was performed after an acoustic signal was emitted by the smartphone app. All data were acquired simultaneously with a smartphone and a digital video camera. The measured temporal variables were stand-up time and total time. The relative reliability and systematic bias inter-device were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. In contrast, absolute reliability was assessed using the standard error of measurement and coefficient of variation (CV). Inter-device concurrent validity was assessed through correlation analysis. The absolute percent error (APE) and the accuracy were also calculated. The results showed excellent reliability (ICC = 0.92–0.97; CV = 1.85–3.03) and very strong relationships inter-devices for the stand-up time (r = 0.94) and the total time (r = 0.98). The APE was lower than 6%, and the accuracy was higher than 94%. Based on our data, the findings suggest that the smartphone application is valid and reliable to collect the stand-up time and total time during the single sit-to-stand test with older adults.