The Motivations and Limitations of the North Korean-Chinese Strategic Cooperation during the Xi Jinping-Kim Jong Un Era : With a Focus on Their Relationship with the U.S.

Abstract The coupling of the land with the planetary boundary layer (PBL) on diurnal time scales is critical to regulating the strength of the connection between soil moisture and precipitation. To improve understanding of land–atmosphere (L–A) interactions, recent studies have focused on the development of diagnostics to quantify the strength and accuracy of the land–PBL coupling at the process level. In this paper, the authors apply a suite of local land–atmosphere coupling (LoCo) metrics to modern reanalysis (RA) products and observations during a 17-yr period over the U.S. southern Great Plains. Specifically, a range of diagnostics exploring the links between soil moisture, evaporation, PBL height, temperature, humidity, and precipitation is applied to the summertime monthly mean diurnal cycles of the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). Results show that CFSR is the driest and MERRA the wettest of the three RAs in terms of overall surface–PBL coupling. When compared against observations, CFSR has a significant dry bias that impacts all components of the land–PBL system. CFSR and NARR are more similar in terms of PBL dynamics and response to dry and wet extremes, while MERRA is more constrained in terms of evaporation and PBL variability. Each RA has a unique land–PBL coupling that has implications for downstream impacts on the diurnal cycle of PBL evolution, clouds, convection, and precipitation as well as representation of extremes and drought. As a result, caution should be used when treating RAs as truth in terms of their water and energy cycle processes.

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The peaceful resolution of U.S.-Mexican transboundary water disputes

The Economics of Peace and Security Journal ◽

10.15355/epsj.2.2.42 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alyssa M. Neir ◽

Michael E. Campana

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Free Trade Agreement ◽

Formal System ◽

Trade Agreement ◽

The United States ◽

Transboundary Water ◽

The North ◽

International Boundary ◽

Water Issues ◽

The U.S

To deal with boundary and transboundary water issues along their border, the United States and Mexico established the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) in 1889. Initially dealing only with surface water flows, its flexibility permitted changes such that groundwater and water quality issues could be addressed. In 1994, the U.S., Mexico, and Canada adopted the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) primarily to facilitate trade, but which can govern water as an article of commerce. Both NAFTA and the IBWC have been instrumental in promoting peaceful solutions to water issues. The article examines three cases: (1) Mexico's protesting of a U.S. plan to line the All-American Canal on the Mexico-California; (2) the underdelivery of Mexican Rio Grande water to the U.S. state of Texas; and (3) the case of an aquifer entirely within Mexico whose supply is being stressed because of a shift in agricultural production prompted by NAFTA. The article concludes that both countries should: (1) develop a more formal system for groundwater issues and (2) exercise vigilance with respect to NAFTA's ability to treat water solely as an economic good.

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Changing the U.S. Sugar Program into a Standard Crop Program: Consequences under the North American Free Trade Agreement and Doha

Review of Agricultural Economics ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9353.2007.00393.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 82-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David Abler ◽

John C. Beghin ◽

David Blandford ◽

Amani Elobeid

Keyword(s):

Free Trade ◽

North American ◽

Free Trade Agreement ◽

Trade Agreement ◽

The North ◽

The U.S

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The North Caucasus in Contemporary U.S.-Russia Relations: Key Problems and Implications for the Future

Iran and the Caucasus ◽

10.1163/1573384x-20140206 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 153-166

Author(s):

Maxim A. Suchkov

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Present Article ◽

The United States ◽

North Caucasus ◽

The Caucasus ◽

Security Issues ◽

The North ◽

The Future ◽

Boston Marathon ◽

The U.S

The North Caucasus is a most significant but a least understood problem in contemporary U.S.-Russia relations. The United States as one of the prime pace-setters in the region shaped its own attitude towards Russia’s most volatile region. Over more than twenty years, Washington experienced at least three major stages in its “Caucasus strategy”, and each stage had its impact on the North Caucasus. Since the beginning, the two states stuck to conflicting narratives of developments in the region. With time, some of the assessments were re-evaluated, but some continue to impede cooperation on key security issues. The present article explores these phenomena and examines what implications major events like the 9/11 attacks, the Caucasus Emirate enlistment among top terrorist organisations, the Boston marathon bombings, etc. had for the U.S.-Russia joint efforts in fighting terrorism. It also assesses areas of potential disagreement in the North Caucasus between the two countries.

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Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in the North American Free Trade Agreement: The Case of the Agricultural Sector

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s1074070800022793 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 121-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Dwi Susanto ◽

C. Parr Rosson ◽

Flynn J. Adcock

Keyword(s):

Free Trade ◽

North American ◽

Free Trade Agreement ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Trade Agreement ◽

Trade Diversion ◽

The North ◽

Tariff Rates ◽

Agricultural Imports ◽

The U.S

This paper examines the effect of the U.S.-Mexico trade agreement under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The results suggest that U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico have been responsive to tariff rate reductions applied to Mexican products. A one percentage point decrease in tariff rates is associated with an increase in U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico by 5.31% in the first 6 years of NAFTA and by 2.62% in the last 6 years of NAFTA. U.S. imports from Mexico have also been attributable to the pre-NAFTA tariff rates. Overall, the results indicate that the U.S-Mexico trade agreement under NAFTA has been trade creating rather than trade diverting.

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Composite Sleeve Repair in the North American Regulatory Environment

Volume 1: Pipeline and Facilities Integrity ◽

10.1115/ipc2020-9571 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xavier Ortiz ◽

Dan Jungwirth ◽

Yashar Behnamian ◽

Hossein Jiryaei Sharahi

Keyword(s):

Maximum Stress ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Hazardous Materials ◽

Regulatory Environment ◽

Department Of Transportation ◽

Regulatory Requirements ◽

The North ◽

Industry Standards ◽

American Society ◽

The U.S

Abstract Composite sleeve repairs have been used in the pipeline industry for the last 25+ years. Fiberglass sleeves (e.g., Clock Spring®) were initially introduced in the market and are still being used as a proven pipeline repair method. For the last 15+ years, new composite materials have been introduced in the industry to provide a wider variety of repair options depending on the type of imperfections being repaired. Regulations in the U.S.A. and Canada share some requirements regarding design, installation, testing, and assessment of composite sleeve repairs. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) through the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) recommends the use of repair methods consistent with industry standards. The 2019 version of the Canadian CSA Z662 Oil and Gas Pipeline Standard includes requirements for testing and qualification according to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) regulation PCC-2 or ISO/TS 24817, and requirements for conducting an engineering assessment to determine the subsequent maximum stress on the pipe sleeve. This paper compares the regulatory requirements for pipeline composite sleeve repairs in the U.S.A. and Canada; it describes some of the options for composite sleeve repair, and reviews engineering assessments of methodologies for composite sleeve repair.

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The Sort of Homecoming

All the Agents and Saints ◽

10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631592.003.0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Elizondo Griest

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

South Texas ◽

Border Patrol ◽

Upstate New York ◽

The North ◽

The U.S ◽

St Lawrence River

Part Two of the book commences when, after five years of story-gathering in her native South Texas, the author relocates to the region of upstate New York known as “The North Country” for a year-long professorship at St. Lawrence University. She soon learns that the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne is just a 40 minute drive away. She recognizes this nation as the setting for the haunting 2008 film “Frozen River,” about human trafficking across the St. Lawrence River. After an encounter with the U.S. Border Patrol, the author quickly realizes she is back in nepantla, the land of in-between.

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Neoliberalism and Counterinsurgency

Colombia ◽

10.1093/wentk/9780190262754.003.00015 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Richard D. Mahoney

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Free Trade ◽

Latin American ◽

North American ◽

Free Trade Agreement ◽

Trade Agreement ◽

The United States ◽

The North ◽

Trade Promotion ◽

The U.S

How did the U.S.-Colombia free trade agreement come about? The officially named “U.S.-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement” was the stepchild of a rancorous hemispheric divorce between the United States and five Latin American governments over the proposal to extend the North American Free Trade Agreement...

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