scholarly journals The Importance and Place of Family Farming in the World and in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Farming ◽  
The World

scholarly journals QUO VADIS PEKERJA ANAK PADA PERKEBUNAN TEMBAKAU DI KABUPATEN JEMBER

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosita
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The World ◽  
Educational Factors ◽  
Quo Vadis ◽  
Dutch Colonial

The most significant share of child laborers in the world is in agriculture and plantations, where they do various types of agricultural jobs, ranging from small to medium family farming to large agricultural, plantation or agroindustry businesses. The ILO estimates that more than 132 million girls and boys aged 5-14 years old are involved in planting, harvesting agricultural products, spraying pesticides and raising livestock in rural areas and plantations worldwide. The child labor phenomenon in tobacco plantations in Jember Regency has existed since the Dutch colonial era. Several studies have been conducted concerning child labor in tobacco businesses, such as YPSM (1988), Pusat Analisis Sosial Akatiga Bandung (1994 and 2002), Mahbubah (2003), revealed that the problem of child labor and its influencing factors are the "constant" issue. This phenomenon is ironic, considering that Jember tobacco is one of the leading export products for Indonesian tobacco, which significantly benefits the country and entrepreneurs. Although child labor has been banned, many plantations in Jember Regency still employ children. Many factors contribute to child labor in several plantations in Jember Regency, including economic and educational factors. Abstrak: Bagian terbesar pekerja anak di dunia bekerja di pertanian dan perkebunan, di mana mereka melakukan berbagai jenis pekerjaan pertanian baik usaha pertanian keluarga berukuran kecil maupun sedang hingga usaha pertanian, perkebunan atau agro industri yang besar. ILO memperkirakan bahwa di seluruh dunia lebih dari 132 juta anak perempuan dan laki-laki berusia 5-14 tahun terlibat dalam kegiatan penanaman, pemanenan hasil pertanian, penyemprotan pestisida dan pemeliharaan ternak di wilayah-wilayah pedesaan dan perkebunan. Fenomena pekerja anak di perkebunan Tembakau  pada Kabupaten Jember sudah ada sejak zaman penjajahan Belanda. Beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan mengenai pekerja anak di usaha tembakau seperti yang dilakukan oleh YPSM (1988), Pusat Analisis Sosial Akatiga Bandung (1994 dan 2002), Mahbubah (2003) menunjukkan bahwa masalah pekerja anak dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkannya merupakan masalah yang “konstan”. Hal ini tentu saja menjadi sangat ironis mengingat tembakau Jember merupakan salah satu produk andalan ekspor bagi tembakau di Indonesia yang banyak memberi keuntungan bagi negara dan pengusaha. Meskipun telah dilarang akan tetapi masih banyak perkebunan di Kabupaten Jember yang mempekerjakan anak, hal ini karena terdapat banyak faktor yang menyebabkan mengapa anak masih banyak yang terlihat di beberapa perkebunan di Kabupaten Jember, salah satunya adalah faktor ekonomi dan faktor pendidikan. Kata Kunci : Pekerja Anak, Perkebunan tembakau, Kabupaten Jember

The Farm Idea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lyman Bushman
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Farming System ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Household Economy ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up

The chapter argues that family security was the first aim of farmers. They believed that given adequate land they could provide for themselves year by year and in time set up their children on farms of their own. As part of this security, all farmers sought to provision themselves. Their account books show why. Farmer accounts were not designed to measure profit. Measuring return on investment as capitalists do was a foreign concept. The farmer’s aim was to remain in balance with the world, to purchase no more than he sold, like national accounts today. To reduce their expenditures, they sought to produce everything they could within the household economy. Even the largest planters, who purchased luxury goods from England, sought to provision themselves by producing their basic needs on their own plantations. All farmers engaged in exchanges with neighbors and traders in order to maximize the obligations owed to them while seeking to provision themselves in every way they could. Tragically, the perpetuation of this family farming system required ever more land. In their effort to provide for their children, farmers relentlessly drove the Native Americans from their tribal possessions. Farmers were both the realization of the American dream and the enactment of the American tragedy.

scholarly journals Relevansi Konsep dan Gerakan Pertanian Keluarga (Family Farming) serta Karakteristiknya di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
NFN Syahyuti
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Input Process ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Food Provision ◽  
Support Family

<strong>English</strong><br />The United Nations established 2014 as the international year of family farming aimed to encourage public awareness and understanding on family farming issues and how to find effective ways to support them. Family farming is run by the majority of farmers in the world and it contributes greatly to food provision, environmental health, poverty alleviation, and farmers’ welfare. Indonesia also needs to support family farming because of its unique characteristics. This paper reviews various topics related with family farming. Indonesia needs to increase knowledge to all stakeholders related to with family farming in terms of cooperation, movement and program to sustain and develop it in the future. Therefore, we need a family farming index in accordance with all stakeholders’ views. Indonesian family farming index consists of input, process, and output aspects. <br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />PBB telah menetapkan tahun 2014 sebagai tahun internasional pertanian keluarga dengan tujuan  menarik perhatian masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan pemahaman tentang permasalahan pertanian keluarga dan menemukan cara yang efektif  untuk mendukungnya.  Pertanian keluarga dijalankan oleh sebagian besar petani di dunia dan terbukti memberikan sumbangan yang besar bagi penyediaan pangan, kesehatan lingkungan, pengentasan kemiskinan, dan kesejahteraan petani.  Indonesia juga membutuhkan kesadaran dan perlunya dukungan terhadap pertanian keluarga karena memiliki karakter masalah pertanian keluarga yang khas. Tulisan ini merupakan tinjauan review dari berbagai bahan. Indonesia membutuhkan peningkatan pengetahuan bagi seluruh pihak terkait dengan pertanian keluarga agar dapat membangun kerja sama, gerakan, dan program untuk menjaga dan mengembangkannya ke depan. Untuk itu dibutuhkan sebuah indeks pertanian keluarga yang bisa menjadi pegangan dan kesepakatan semua pihak. Indeks pertanian keluarga untuk Indonesia merupakan sebuah variabel komposit yang mencakup aspek input, proses, dan sekaligus output dari pertanian keluarga.

A pragmatist philosophy of psychological science and its implications for replication

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gantman ◽  
Robin Gomila ◽  
Joel E. Martinez ◽  
J. Nathan Matias ◽  
Elizabeth Levy Paluck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
The World ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy

AbstractA pragmatist philosophy of psychological science offers to the direct replication debate concrete recommendations and novel benefits that are not discussed in Zwaan et al. This philosophy guides our work as field experimentalists interested in behavioral measurement. Furthermore, all psychologists can relate to its ultimate aim set out by William James: to study mental processes that provide explanations for why people behave as they do in the world.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Let's call a memory a memory, but what kind?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Keven
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
The World

Abstract Hoerl & McCormack argue that animals cannot represent past situations and subsume animals’ memory-like representations within a model of the world. I suggest calling these memory-like representations as what they are without beating around the bush. I refer to them as event memories and explain how they are different from episodic memory and how they can guide action in animal cognition.

Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rybák ◽  
V. Rušin ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronal Emission Line ◽  
Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

Where in the world is the hip hop nation?

Popular Music ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Inez H. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
The World
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