scholarly journals Groundwater quality mapping for drinking and irrigation purposes using statistical, hydrochemical facies, and water quality indices in Tercha District, Dawuro Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3367-3377
Author(s):  
Arefegn Arota ◽  
Abunu Atlabachew ◽  
Abel Abebe ◽  
Muralitharan Jothimani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples

When groundwater quality is good, it may be a substantial water supply for various applications. However, no systematic research on hydrogeochemistry and water quality features for drinking and irrigation has been undertaken in the present study area. As a result, the current study looked at hydrogeochemical variables and groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation in Tercha district, Dawuro Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Forty-seven groundwater samples were collected and tested to satisfy the required target for various physicochemical properties. The hydrogeochemical features of the groundwater in the study region were assessed using in-situ testing and laboratory analysis of physicochemical parameters. Groundwater samples from the research region were slightly acidic to slightly basic, with the principal cations and anions decreasing in sequence: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and HCO3-> Cl-> SO42-. The hadrochemical facies of the studied region evolved from mildly mineralized dominant highland Ca-HCO3 water types to moderately mineralized mixed Ca-Na-HCO3 water types to highly mineralized deep rift floor Na-HCO3 water types. Additionally, the World Health Organization and the Ethiopian Standard Agency were utilized to compare the drinking water quality. Except for NO3- (4.25 %), Fe (8.51 %), and F- (2.12%), all groundwater samples from the research region were determined to be within permitted limits and appropriate for drinking. According to the Water Quality Index, about 80.86% of groundwater samples are excellent, and 19.14% are good drinking water. Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), sodium (Na) percentage, residual sodium carbonate RSC, permeability index (PI), and magnesium hazard were among the irrigation water quality indicators calculated (MH). The great majority of groundwater samples are suitable for agricultural use.

Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Geospatial Techniques and WQI in North East of Adama Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Karuppannan ◽  
Nafyad Serre Kawo
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Geospatial Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
North East ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Health Organization

Assessment of groundwater quality is vital for the sustainable use of the resources for domestic and agricultural purposes. In this study spatial variation of physicochemical parameters were analyzed for Northeast Adama Town. Water Quality Index (WQI) and irrigation indices were used to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. Further, the physical-chemical results were compared with the Ethiopian standards and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking and public health. Using GIS interpolation methods in Arc GIS 10.3.1, spatial distribution maps of pH, TDS, EC, Cl−, HCO32−, SO42−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+, RSC, SAR, Na% were prepared. Results indicated that except ASTU well 2, all samples are below the desirable limits of WHO. The WQI results indicated that 85% of samples and 15% of samples were in good and poor categories, respectively. Irrigation indices show that the most groundwater samples have excellent water classes, indicating that they are suitable for irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Parameters of Urban Drinking Water Quality along with Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Ardabil Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Reza Aghlmand ◽  
Saeed Rasi Nezami ◽  
Ali Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Region

In recent years, in addition to water resources’ quantity, their quality has also received much attention. In this study, the quality of the urban water distribution network in northwestern Iran was evaluated using the water quality index (WQI) method. Then, some important trace elements were investigated, and finally, the health risk assessment was evaluated for both carcinogenic elements (Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, and As) and non-carcinogenic elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, F, NO3, and Cu) using carcinogenic risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ), respectively. In the present study, the WQI was calculated based on both World Health Organization (WHO) and Iranian drinking water standards. Comparing the results of these standards revealed that the WQI based on the Iranian standard was slightly higher. Regarding the calculated WQI for the study region, the status of water quality for drinking consumption is in the good water quality class (25 < WQI < 50). It was observed that Cu and Cd have the highest and lowest concentrations in all sampling points, respectively. Hazard Index (HI) results showed that the non-carcinogenic substances studied had a low risk for both adults and children (<1.0). However, the CR results showed that Ni, Cd, and As were above the desired level for both children and adults. The results of this study can be applied for efficient water management and human health protection programs in the study area.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Issues and Challenges for Drinking and Irrigation Uses in Central Ganga Basin Dominated with Rice-Wheat Cropping System

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2344
Author(s):  
Sumant Kumar ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Veerendra Kumar Chandola ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Ravi K. Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Ganga Basin ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation

Increased population and increasing demands for food in the Indo-Gangetic plain are likely to exert pressure on fresh water due to rise in demand for drinking and irrigation water. The study focuses on Bhojpur district, Bihar located in the central Ganga basin, to assess the groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purpose and discuss the issues and challenges. Groundwater is mostly utilized in the study area for drinking and irrigation purposes (major crops sown in the area are rice and wheat). There were around 45 groundwater samples collected across the study region in the pre-monsoon season (year 2019). The chemical analytical results show that Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3− ions are present in abundance in groundwater and governing the groundwater chemistry. Further analysis shows that 66%, 69% and 84% of the samples exceeded the acceptable limit of arsenic (As), Fe and Mn respectively and other trace metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) are within the permissible limit of drinking water as prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standard for drinking water. Generally, high as concentration has been found in the aquifer (depth ranges from 20 to 40 m below ground surface) located in proximity of river Ganga. For assessing the irrigation water quality, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values, residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Na%, permeability index (PI) and calcium alteration index (CAI) were calculated and found that almost all the samples are found to be in good to excellent category for irrigation purposes. The groundwater facie has been classified into Ca-Mg-HCO3 type.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Groundwater in an Irrigated Region, Northwest China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Qiwei Huang ◽  
Yaling Lin ◽  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Hui Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Entropy Weighted ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Groundwater is one of the most important sources of water for drinking and irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In this study, 50 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various chemical constituents (pH, TDS, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−, NO3−, and F−) to identify the hydrogeochemical characteristics, and to evaluate its suitability for drinking and irrigation uses in Zhongning area of Northwest China. Results showed that groundwater was slightly alkaline in nature. Fluoride and nitrate concentrations in the groundwater of the study region were much higher than its prescribed limits for drinking purposes. A factor analysis (FA) was implemented to understand the contamination source of groundwater in the region, and the results indicated that rock–water interaction, geogenic, and human-induced contamination were the major factors influencing groundwater chemistry. An entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) was employed to evaluate the water quality for drinking purpose. Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42-, HCO3−, and TDS played the leading roles in influencing the groundwater quality with high weights. Forty-eight percent of groundwater samples were unfit for drinking purpose in the study area, due to poor quality. Elevated concentrations of SO42−, Cl− and NO3−-N in groundwater caused poor quality and extremely poor quality water, which may be attributed to human activities. According to the calculation of sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ration (SAR), and permeability index (PI), the majority of the groundwater samples were suitable for irrigation. However, it should be noted that 26% of the samples were unfit for irrigation because of the high salinity in the groundwater. This is mainly attributed to the intense evaporation and the intensified irrigation activities in the region. The findings in this study contribute to a better understanding of groundwater sustainability for supporting water management and protection in the future.

scholarly journals Domestic Groundwater Quality in the Northern Governorates of the West Bank, Palestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Banan Hejaz ◽  
Issam A. Al-Khatib ◽  
Nidal Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Water Quality Data

Like several parts in the Middle East, the West Bank is in a significant water scarcity status. Palestinians use groundwater as the main water source, supplying more than 90% of the consumed water in the West Bank. The aim of this study is to enhance the knowledge on drinking water quality in the West Bank. Groundwater quality data was obtained from the Palestinian Water Authority, including the years 2015 and 2016, from the Northern six districts of the West Bank. The water quality data were analyzed and matched with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and the Palestinian standards for drinking water quality. The findings of this study revealed that groundwater in the north of the West Bank comply with several drinking water requirements including total hardness, pH, and sodium and chloride content. Conversely, 18% of the samples exceed the limits for nitrate concentration. The fecal Coliforms and total Coliforms results show that 98.7% of the samples give no risk, but 1.3% of the samples give low risk, and no sample gives intermediate-to-high risks. The microbial and chemical pollution of groundwater is postulated to inadequate wastewater management, high use of fertilizers, and uncontrolled disposal of animal manure. Therefore, it is crucial to disinfect drinking water at the source of production before supply as an immediate action, followed by implementing pollution prevention measures.

scholarly journals Suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation in and around the main Gadilam river basin on the east coast of southern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-562
Author(s):  
R. Ravi ◽  
S. Aravindan ◽  
K. Shankar ◽  
P. Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Samples

The main intent of this study was to investigate the condition of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes in and around the main Gadilam river basin, the east coast of southern India. A total of fifty groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), pH, TDS, major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) and anions (SO42-, Cl-, HCO3-, and NO3-). Irrigation water quality parameters like the sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), percentage sodium (%Na), magnesium hazard (MH), permeability index (PI), and Kelly ratio (KR) were computed to assess the irrigation water quality of groundwater. Furthermore, graphical representation diagrams such as USSL, Wilcox, and Doneen have been prepared for irrigation water quality. From the computation of SAR, Na%, RSC, PI, and KR values, it was found that 100% of groundwater samples were found to be suitable for irrigation purposes. Besides, USSL and Doneen diagrams show that the samples are safe for irrigation usage. The Wilcox diagram in the classification of electrical conductivity reveals that most samples fall into the good to permissible class (78%), in doubtful to unsuitable class (20%), and 2% of samples are unsuitable. Magnesium hazards of 82% of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation, while the remaining 18% of the samples exceeded the limit and found to be unsuitable for irrigation purposes. The study concludes that higher percentages of groundwater samples were suitable for irrigation purposes in the study area, and the concentration of magnesium influenced groundwater at a few locations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using GIS-based water quality index in urban area of Abaya-Chemo sub-basin of Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamru Tesseme Aragaw ◽  
Gopalakrishnan Gnanachandrasamy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Great Rift Valley

AbstractGroundwater is the major resource for drinking and irrigation purposes in urban areas of Abaya-Chemo sub-basin of Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia. There is an incredible increase in demand in the sub-basin for good-quality groundwater resources. However, the exhaustive irrigation and rapid urbanization has posed a serious threat to groundwater quality in the urban districts of sub-basin like Arba Minch town. The aim of the study was to evaluate the groundwater quality status and to map their spatial distribution with respect to the suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in Arba Minch town, Ethiopia. Fourteen bore well samples were examined for geochemical variations and groundwater qualities. The spatial distribution maps of quality parameters were prepared using the kriging method in ArcGIS 10.3. Drinking water quality index, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percentage sodium (Na%), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and permeability index (PI) were considered for drinking and irrigation suitability assessment. Comparison of the hydrochemical results with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Ethiopian drinking water standards (ES) and various classifications revealed that the current status of the groundwaters is suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes except for a few sites at the northwestern part of the study area. The WQI results revealed that 7% and 64% of samples fall from excellent to good classes for drinking categories. Irrigation indices also demonstrated that 80% of samples fall in good classes for irrigation purposes. About 75 percent of samples belong to Ca–Mg-HCO3 facies, and the reaming samples belong to Ca–Mg–Cl facies. The results of the study concluded that the proposed approach is reliable and efficient for the groundwater pollution status evaluation and can also be applied in decision making for effective groundwater resources monitoring in the study area.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality in Sidi Slimane, Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (25) ◽  
pp. 200309
Author(s):  
Nabil Darwesh ◽  
Ramzy S.M. Naser ◽  
Mohammed Al-Qawati ◽  
Shaker Raweh ◽  
Khadija El Kharrim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Background. Groundwater is an important source of drinking water for human and animal populations and therefore should be protected from pollution. The study area, Sidi Slimane, is in the western region of Morocco, which is a highly important agricultural area. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking in the Sidi Slimane region. Methods. Twenty (20) samples were collected from different locations in the study area in 2015 in order to evaluate the quality of groundwater for human consumption. Collection, transportation and analysis of samples were performed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater of the American Public Health Association (APHA), 2017. The major ions (cations and anions), ammonium (NH4+), pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the groundwater samples were analyzed. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and total hardness (TH) parameters were calculated on the basis of obtained chemical data. ArcGIS program (version 10.4.1) was used in the preparation of topographic and hydrological maps of the study area. Results. Groundwater showed high concentrations of most parameters of drinking water quality according to Moroccan and international standards. Groundwater was brackish and very hard. The results showed that sodium and chloride ions were the predominant ions. Salinity was present at low depths. The majority of groundwater samples in the study area (18 out of 20) were sodium chloride type, and only 2 samples were mixed calcium-magnesiumchlorine type. Discussion. The obtained results were compared with the Moroccan standards for drinking water. The results show that 100%, 75%, 70%, 70%, 65% and 55% of groundwater samples exceeded the permissible limits for drinking water quality according to the Moroccan standard with regard to sodium, calcium, TDS, EC, chlorine, and nitrate, respectively. Conclusions. Most of the groundwater samples in the study area showed poor drinking water quality. Groundwater quality must be protected by controlling the use of pesticides, fertilizers, manure, and harmful irrigation practices. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

scholarly journals Groundwater: Quality Levels and Human Exposure, SW Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyemi Olusola ◽  
Opeyemi Adeyeye ◽  
Olufemi Durowoju
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Abstract Groundwater serves as a source of freshwater for agricultural, industrial and domestic purposes and it accounts for about 42%, 27% and 36% respectively. As it remains the only source of all-year-round supply of freshwater globally, it is of vital importance as regards water security, human survival and sustainable agriculture. The main goal of this study is to identify the main cause-effect relationship between human activities and the state of groundwater quality using a communication tool (the DPSIR Model; Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact and Response). A total of twenty-one samples were collected from ten peri-urban communities scattered across three conterminous Local Government Areas in Southwestern Nigeria. Each of the groundwater samples was tested for twelve parameters - total dissolved solids, pH, bicarbonate, chloride, lead, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, sulphate, magnesium and total suspended solids. The study revealed that the concentrations of DO and Pb were above threshold limits, while pH and N were just below the threshold and others elements were within acceptable limits based on Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality and Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality. The study revealed that groundwater quality levels from the sampled wells are under pressure leading to reduction in the amount of freshwater availability. This is a first-order setback in achieving access to freshwater as a sustainable development goal across Less Developed Communities (LDCs) globally. To combat this threat, there is the need for an integrated approach in response towards groundwater conservation and sustainability by all stakeholders.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of Groundwater and Its Suitability for Domestic Uses in Halabja Saidsadiq Basin, Iraq

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Twana O. Abdullah ◽  
Salahalddin S. Ali ◽  
Nadhir A. Al-Ansari ◽  
Sven Knutsson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization

Evaluation of the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater suitability for domestic use was conducted in the Halabja Saidsadiq Basin in the northeastern part of Iraq. The total studied area is about 1278 km2 with a specific Mediterranean-type continental interior climate, which is cold in winter and hot in summer. To conduct the required laboratory chemical analysis for groundwater samples in the studied basin, 78 groundwater samples, in total, were collected from 39 water wells in the dry and wet seasons in 2014 and analyzed for major cations and anions, and the results were compared with the permitted limits for drinking water. An examination of the chemical concentrations of the World Health Organization drinking water norms demonstrate that a large portion of the groundwater samples is suitable for drinking, and a preponderance of groundwater samples situated in the class of hard and very hard water types for both seasons. Suitability of groundwater for drinking use was additionally assessed according to the water quality index classification. This showed that more than 98% of groundwater samples have good water quality in the dry and wet seasons. Conversely, the classification of groundwater samples based on Piper’s diagram designates that the groundwater type is alkaline water, with existing bicarbonate along with sulfate and chloride. However, water–rock exchange processes and groundwater flow have been responsible for the dominant water type of Ca–Mg–HCO3.

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