South Korea in 2011

Asian Survey ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Katrin Katz ◽  
Victor Cha
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
Kim Jong Il ◽  
Global Player ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Japan And China

Abstract The year 2011 saw South Korea deepen bilateral cooperation with the United States while building its status as a global player on the international stage. These developments were facilitated by broader regional dynamics—particularly with respect to Japan and China—that helped push Washington and Seoul closer together. Key issues with the potential to redirect South Korea's bilateral and global trajectories in the coming months include the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement, the death of Kim Jong-il and policy toward North Korea, and election year politics in South Korea.

scholarly journals Do U.S. agriculture suppliers benefit from South Korea- U.S. Free Trade Agreement – the case of orange juice

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-894
Author(s):  
Yan Heng ◽  
Lisa A. House
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Korus Fta

This paper investigates the effect of the South Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS-FTA) on U.S. competition with other suppliers for the import/export of orange juice. We use monthly trade data for 2007- 2015 to estimate the import demand from the United States, Brazil, Israel, and the rest of the world. Our results suggest that U.S. suppliers have surpassed Brazil and dominate the market. Moreover, we show that thanks to the KORUS-FTA, U.S. suppliers have gained significant welfare and trade value, which is particularly important for industries suffering from a shrinking domestic market.

scholarly journals Trade Complementarity and the Balance of Payments Constraint Hypothesis: A New Free Trade Agreement between Mexico and South Korea

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Luis Quintana-Romero ◽  
Nam Kwon Mun ◽  
Roldán Andrés-Rosales ◽  
José Álvarez-García
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Era ◽  
External Sector ◽  
Korean Market

Market diversification is one of the keys to success in the new era of world trade. Highly competitive countries have accomplished positive and sustained growth rates by not depending on a single market for their exports and imports. In Mexico, on the contrary, 80% of exports and 45% of imports concentrate in the United States. The South Korean market represents an opportunity for the Mexican economy, as the relationship between the two countries has strengthened in recent decades. This opportunity would promote greater economic growth for both countries if they reached a Free Trade Agreement, as we show in this work. The aim of this research is to assess the complementarity between these countries and estimate their external long-term equilibrium using the Thirlwall trade restriction model. Results confirm the existence of trade complementarity between the two economies and show that these are able to achieve long-term equilibrium in the external sector. Additionally, the Mexican economy would not face balance of payment constraints for growth when trading with South Korea, as it currently does with the United States.

scholarly journals Foreign trade relations between the Republic of Korea and the United States in the context of the development of integration processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-841
Author(s):  
Inna V. Andronova ◽  
Natalia V. Dyuzheva ◽  
Kirill A. Andronov
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Liberal Trade

The article examines the process of concluding, implementing and updating the Free Trade Agreement between the USA and South Korea, highlights the main problematic aspects of the functioning of the free trade area and the consequences for the bilateral trade of countries. The study found that South Korea benefited significantly from the negotiated liberal trade regime with the USA. The trade balance surplus of South Korea with the USA sharply increased - to a historic maximum of 25 billion dollars (in 2015), also South Korean exports of high-tech goods and high value-added goods increased significantly. For the USA, participation in the agreement led to an increase in the trade balance deficit and in the export of resources, agricultural goods and low value-added products. The observed consequences led to the use of a tough discriminatory policy by the USA, to the revision of the provisions of the Free trade agreement and to the military and political concessions from South Korea. As a result, the deficit of the US trade balance with South Korea decreased by 17.3% over the year, changes in the commodity structure of the countries' mutual trade are expected. The analysis proves the formation of a unified approach in US foreign trade policy towards partner countries within the framework of Free trade agreements, which lies in the mainstream of new protectionism and aimed at ensuring American geopolitical and economic interests.

MERCOSUR and the Brazilian Leadership Challenge in the Era of Chinese Growth: A Uruguayan Foreign Policy Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Urdinez ◽  
Camilo López Burian ◽  
Amâncio Jorge de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
South American ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
Global Player ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation

AbstractIn recent years, China has expanded its presence in Latin America leading to increased trade flows, foreign direct investment, and bilateral cooperation agreements. At the same time, Brazil has attempted to emerge as a global player from its belief in itself as a regional leader. While both countries are part of the emerging South, they are also competing for influence in the South American area. We hypothesize that for MERCOSUR members, deepening commercial ties with China would be a viable option to counterbalance Brazil’s regional leadership, using Uruguayan legislators preferences as a tool for our study. Using logistic models, we conclude that that the probability of supporting a hypothetical free trade agreement with China is larger when politicians viewed MERCOSUR as an obstacle to the interests of his or her country and when he or she had doubts about Brazilian

scholarly journals U.S. Trade Representative Holds Environmental Consultations with South Korea Regarding Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-303
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Unregulated Fishing

The United States requested environmental consultations with South Korea under the United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS) in September 2019. This request occurred on the same day as the release of a report to Congress raising concerns about South Korea's response to illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. Following the consultations, South Korea amended its law regulating the Korean fisheries industry in order to make more enforcement mechanisms available.

South Korea and the United States Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) in 2006-2019 and Its Impact on the South Korea-US Alliance

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Marta V. Bocharnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
Political Events ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Korus Fta

The article presents a study of the South Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) and is divided into two parts. In the first part, the author briefly addresses the background of the agreement and explores in detail the current state of the KORUS FTA after its modification in 2018. The author examines key modifications made in the agreement and their influence on the Republic of Korea (ROK), the United States, and the ROK-US alliance. The first part also analyzes why President Trump, instead of delaying the KORUS issue, pushed its revision in 2017, when the situation on the Korean Peninsula was quite explosive, and the motives of the Trump administration in resuming Section 232 investigation, particularly into imports of semiconductors. In the second part, the author addresses future prospects of the agreement in general and briefly analyzes its impact on the ROK-US alliance. The author does not attempt to evaluate the quality of the alliance by measuring the state of the KORUS FTA. Nevertheless, while the trade agreement does not reflect all the strengths or weaknesses of the alliance, it is one of the criteria of the alliance development. Statistical data is employed throughout the article to illustrate the trade imbalance between South Korea and the US, import and export volume, and opinion survey results. In conclusion, the author sums up the results obtained and highlights the importance of the KORUS FTA for the ROK-US alliance. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that the work is based primarily on foreign sources and literature, which allows expanding the knowledge base of domestic Korean studies. This article is also a part of a more comprehensive study in this area and can serve as a supplementary modern literature for Russian researchers who major in Korean studies and deal with issues related to the South Korea-US relations. The methodological basis of the study consists of the principle of historicism and approaches such as structural-functional and systematic. The article employs general scientific, general historical and political science research methods. Among the general scientific methods, the author used methods of analysis and synthesis; time comparison method and complex method. Among the general historical methods, the historical-comparative method and the historical-genetic method are applied for demonstrating the causal relationship between political events, and the historical-systematic method for singling out a certain period in the historical process in which the problem is investigated. Finally, among the political science methods, content analysis and event analysis are employed for a better assessment of political events.

scholarly journals Patent challenges and factors associated with successful patent challengers under the patent linkage system: recent evidence from South Korea after the Korea United States free trade agreement

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Bok Son ◽  
Nahye Choi ◽  
Boram Lee ◽  
Joonsoo Byun ◽  
Dong-Wook Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Patent Linkage

Abstract Objectives The patent linkage system upgraded patent challenges to an important factor in granting timely market approval for generic drugs. We aim to understand patent challenges and identify the factors that are associated with successful patent challengers under the patent linkage system in South Korea. Methods We constructed a novel dataset that combined information on manufacturers with detailed data about their patent challenges after introduction of the patent linkage system. Based on the number of successful patent challenges, manufacturers were categorized into non-challengers, passive challengers, and aggressive challengers. Then, two types of logistic models were applied to identify the factors associated with successful and aggressive challengers. Findings Only 39 active ingredients were challenged by 77 manufacturers from March 2015 to December 2019. Of 171 manufacturers, 94 (55 %) were non-challengers, 58 (34 %) were passive challengers who had succeeded in fewer than 4 patent challenges, and 19 (11 %) were aggressive challengers who had succeeded in 4 or more patent challenges. Higher sales, more employees, and a greater number of reimbursed drugs were associated with being a patent challenger, while a greater number of reimbursed drugs was associated with being an aggressive challenger. Conclusion Some manufacturers utilize patent challenges to strengthen their product portfolios in the market. However, under the patent linkage system, the frequency of patent challenges is limited in South Korea compared to the United States. In particular, patent challenges against drugs in injection form and biologics are very rare.

South Korea in 2006: Nuclear Standoff, Trade Talks, and Population Trends

Asian Survey ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Eungi Kim ◽  
John Lie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nuclear Test ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
World News

The nuclear test conducted by North Korea in October 2006 placed the Koreas at the center of world news. Prior to the nuclear test, free trade agreement talks with the United States dominated the year's domestic political discussions. Less newsworthy but potentially more profound are demographic trends, especially the rapid aging of the population, the record low fertility rate, and the rising number of intermarriages.

The Investment Provisions of the Canada—United States Free Trade Agreement: A Canadian Perspective

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Raby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners

This is a good deal, a good deal for Canada and a deal that is good for all Canadians. It is also a fair deal, which means that it brings benefits and progress to our partner, the United States of America. When both countries prosper, our democracies are strengthened and leadership has been provided to our trading partners around the world. I think this initiative represents enlightened leadership to the trading partners about what can be accomplished when we determine that we are going to strike down protectionism, move toward liberalized trade, and generate new prosperity for all our people.On January 2, 1988, President Ronald Reagan of the United States and Prime Minister Brian Mulroney of Canada signed the landmark comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the two countries that already enjoyed the largest bilateral trade relationship in the world. The FTA was subsequently ratified by the legislatures of both countries, if only after a bitterly fought election on the subject in Canada. On January 1, 1989, the FTA formally came into effect.

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