Unraveling the Thai Capital

Author(s):  
Claudio Sopranzetti

This chapter focuses on the Red Shirts protest that took over Bangkok from March to May 2010. In particular, it explores how motorcycle taxi drivers transformed their mobility and invisibility as urban connectors into political tactics, posing a significant challenge to state forces and ridiculing the pretense of state control over the city and its flows. The drivers—to use the words of Oboto, the man who led the largest group of organized motortaxis in the protest—embodied their role as “owners of the map,” holders of an unmatched knowledge of the urban terrain and gatekeepers of its channels. During three months of protest, the drivers emerged as unrelenting and uncontrollable political actors: invaluable allies and dreaded enemies, able to chart the terrain of the protest better than anybody else and move through it, rendering it readable to their allies and opaque to their enemies. Moving through back roads and parking lots, collecting and circulating information and directives, appearing and disappearing in the urban landscape—skills they developed in years of moving through Bangkok’s impenetrable traffic—the drivers managed to raise a formidable challenge to apparently unbeatable state forces.

Author(s):  
Claudio Sopranzetti

This chapter takes a step back from Thailand and asks what the political experience of the motorcycle taxi drivers can offer to philosophy of praxis today. In particular, it focuses on three issues that the drivers’ life trajectories, their everyday life in the city, and their adoption of mobility, a characteristic and strength of post-Fordism capitalism, as a tool of political mobilization and a field of struggle raise. First, they invite us to a methodological reflection on the role of contradiction in political praxis; second, they urge us to reconsider where accumulation and the production of value is located in post-Fordist capitalism; and third, they call on us to use this analysis to locate points of least resistance and weak spots on which political pressure can be most effectively applied.


Author(s):  
Claudio Sopranzetti

This prologue is a description of a day in the life of motorcycle taxi drivers in Bangkok, from morning to evening. It follows a specific day in which, after delivering passengers and documents, the drivers ride to the Ratchaprasong intersection to take part in the Red Shirts protest. This narrative describes the drivers’ station, their experience when riding through the city, and their relations to colleagues and local residents. It concludes by showing how the whole city was reorganized during the protest and the role the drivers played in this transformation.


Author(s):  
Brodwyn Fischer

All cities are forged by politics. But Brazil’s “informal” neighborhoods—and especially the favelas that now shape every Brazilian urban landscape—have an especially raw link to the political world. Favelas and other informal settlements are vital to Brazil’s cityscapes; they are also spaces historically defined by weak formal regulation and tenuous urban citizenship. In the informal city, property tenancy, city services, and basic civil protections were historically defined as privileges rather than rights. This was not for lack of claims-making; favela residents demanded urban belonging and engaged in intense legal battles over issues of property and regulation long before Brazil’s “rights to the city” movements gained international recognition. But Brazilian institutions proved mostly unwilling to recognize those claims, forcing informal residents to rely on a wide range of political strategies to achieve some modicum of permanence, citizenship, and rights to the city. Urban informality and urban politics thus developed in tandem in Brazil before 1960, as favelas successfully rooted themselves in Brazil’s most significantly “informal” cities: Rio de Janeiro (Brazil’s national capital until 1960 and the birthplace of the term “favela”) and Recife (the Northeast’s regional capital, long Brazil’s third largest city, and a hothouse for the politics of informality). In both places, informal politics involved grassroots mobilization, symbolic contestations in the public sphere, and engagement with a remarkably diverse tangle of activists, patrons, bureaucrats, entrepreneurs, politicians, intellectuals, artists, policymakers, and politicians. Informal residents were agile and effective political actors, who managed collectively and incrementally to establish favela residents’ de facto right to occupy Brazilian cityscapes. At the same time, the contradictions of favela politics made it difficult to convert de facto permanence into juridically enforceable rights to the city. The outcome was a politics of permanence rather than a politics of equality, the results of which are still all too apparent in Brazil’s contemporary urban form.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Faizal Kurniawan ◽  
Siti Fatimah Soenaryo

This study examines in depth the academic anxiety that has arisen among academics about the emergence of the phenomenon of women online motorcycle taxi drivers in the city of Malang. As we have realized, the emergence of female online motorcycle taxi drivers has grown along with the development of online transportation in the city of Malang. From the interview data obtained, starting in 2016 since online transportation has grown in Malang, at least almost 30% growth in recruitment of women online motorcycle taxi drivers. This research uses the case study method. The thesis of this research is the rise the opinion for the gender context itself that the rationality of professional voters as an online motorcycle taxi is not only from economic reasons alone but also the existence of social dynamics housing that occurs in the community. For Foucault, gender phenomena can be said to be a discourse that will later develop the concept of culture. Its idealism and romanticism, women need jobs not only as economic demands, but also gender shifts that women do not only take care of homework. James Coleman sees in the perspective rationality that the choice to be an online motorcycle taxi driver is a "Shortcut" to get money for women. In addition, this research should be able to be a further study of elite policymakers to make more attention to labor laws, especially those based on industrial revolution 4.0.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v4i22019p115


Emik ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
Nur Damayanti

The online motorcycle taxi application (ojol) has become one of the most widely used applications by the people of Indonesia. However, since the outbreak of Covid-19 in Indonesia, including Makassar, something has been "missing" from the applications, such as Gojek and Grab. At Gojek there is no longer a motorbike ordering menu (Goride); while in Grab, the GrabBike menu also disappeared. The menu disappeared as a result of government policies through the implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in order to break the chain of the spread of Covid-19. In order to continue to work in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, ojol drivers use various strategies. This article focuses on how the strategy of ojol drivers to survive during the Covid-19 pandemic.  Using qualitative approach, this study was carried out in Makassar as a metropolitan city, as one of the cities where ojol transportation drivers operate, as well as the city with the highest number of Covid-19 cases. There are fifteen informants who participated in this study, consisting of eight Gojek drivers and the rest were Grab drivers. Data was collected using the combination of observation and in-depth interview techniques. The study shows that the income of ojol drivers has decreased drastically since the Covid-19 outbreak, as the consequence of government policies through the PSBB which limited people’s mobility, including ojol drivers. In order to survive, ojol drivers use various strategies, such as living in a state of frugality, taking additional work (such as selling food in offline system, being a construction worker, opening a small tavern, etc.). When conditions gradually improve and the PSBB policy is relaxed, they can again work with the application of general health protocols (3M: wearing masks, washing hands, and maintaining distance) and the application of specific health protocols is also enforced (such as the use of plastic insulators for taxi drivers or passengers carrying their own helmets for motorcycle taxis), so that they can continue to work to make a living in the middle of pandemic Covid-19, even though the income is not yet fully recovered.


Author(s):  
Roderick McIntosh

When the tell site of Jenne-jeno was brought to light in the vast floodplain of the southern Middle Niger of Mali, archaeologists had to question certain expectations about just what constitutes an ancient city. The city was certainly too early (3rd century bce rather than the expected late first millennium ce) and Jenne-jeno did not conform to the standard city form (a mosaic of satellites rather than the expected agglomeration). But it was the persistent lack of evidence of a centralized ruler, social strata of elites, and of the hierarchical decision-making mechanisms of the state that set this urban landscape so at odds with then prevalent urban theory. The seventy apparently contemporaneous hamlets and specialists’ occupation mounds surrounding Jenne-jeno form the Jenne-jeno Urban Complex. It is a classic example of African originality in evolving urban landscapes. In place of the top-down, often despotic state control as the organizing principle of the city, here there is a classic city without citadel—and thus heterarchy (authority and power relations arrayed horizontally) instead of a social and political hierarchy at the heart of the city can be posited. The search for the pre-Jenne-jeno antecedents has taken a newer generation of archaeologists to look at “pre-urban” landscapes in other, now-dry parts of the Middle Niger deep in the northern. Sahel and Sahara. Back to the second millennium bce, the single site can be found to be the exception; clustering had roots deep in time.


Afrika Focus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
William Rollason

In this paper I explore tensions and conflicts over poverty reduction and urban development in Kigali, Rwanda’s capital in terms of theories of performativity. On one hand, motorcycle taxis offer large numbers of young men good livelihoods – reflecting the government of Rwanda’s stated commitment to poverty reduction, especially amongst youth; on the other, motorcycle taxi drivers suffer harassment at the hands of city authorities and police, who are keen to eradicate motorcycle taxis from the urban scene altogether. I interpret this tension as a conflict over the appropriate performance of development in the city; I argue that in pursuit of urban development, the city itself becomes an image, projected in order to attract the investment which will give body to the simulated spectacle that Kigali present. Conflicts between the city and motorcycle taxi drivers erupt because motorcycle taxis cannot perform to the aesthetic standards of the new Kigali. In conclusion, I suggest that the rendition of Kigali’s development as image has broader lessons for studies of development in general. Specifically, these conflicts expose the operation of images and their performance as political resources, conferring intelligibility and legitimacy in the spectacle of national development.


ILUMINURAS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anny Glayni Veiga Timóteo

Diante da diversidade de ocupações trabalhistas encontrada no meio urbano de Campina Grande- PB surge uma nova categoria de trabalho: os mototaxistas. Utilizando a motocicleta como meio de trabalho, estes são responsáveis pelo deslocamento de passageiros na cidade. Muitos usuários preferem utilizar esse meio de transporte para fugir dos congestionamentos. Iniciando a partir de uma empresa privada, os mototaxistas ganharam as ruas da cidade. Com o crescimento exorbitante dessa categoria, a prefeitura juntamente com a Superintendência de Trânsito e Transportes Públicos (STTP) iniciou um cadastro para esses trabalhadores. Foram detectados três tipos de mototaxistas: aqueles cadastrados, os que prestam serviço na empresa privada e ainda os clandestinos. A atividade surge como possibilidade de trabalho acessível para pessoas com baixa escolaridade, exigindo-se apenas uma carteira de habilitação indicada e a motocicleta. Dessa forma a hipótese que norteia esse estudo baseia-se no surgimento da categoria “Moto-taxi” como uma forma de inserir homens e mulheres no mercado de trabalho urbano.Palavras- Chave: Trânsito. Moto-táxi. Trabalho. Motorcycle taxi driver´s daily struggle in Campina Grande-PBAbstractGiven the diversity of labor occupations found in the urban space of Campina Grande – PB, comes a new job category: the motorcycle taxi drivers. Using the motorcycle as working mean, they are responsible for the locomotion of passengers in the city. Many users prefer to use this means of transport to escape traffic. Starting as a private company, the motorcycle taxi drivers took to the streets of the city. With the incredible growth of this category, the city hall along with the Office of Traffic and Public Transport (STTP) started a registry for these workers. Were detected three types of motorcycle taxi drivers: those registered, those who serve in private enterprise and the illegal ones. The activity comes as the possibility of work accessible to people with low education, requiring only a driver's license and the motorcycle. Thus the hypothesis that guides this study is based on the birth of the "Moto-taxi" category as a way to put men and women in the urban labor market.Keywords: Traffic. Motorcycle taxi. Work


Afrika Focus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Rollason

In this paper I explore tensions and conflicts over poverty reduction and urban development in Kigali, Rwanda’s capital in terms of theories of performativity. On one hand, motorcycle taxis offer large numbers of young men good livelihoods – reflecting the government of Rwanda’s stated commitment to poverty reduction, especially amongst youth; on the other, motorcycle taxi drivers suffer harassment at the hands of city authorities and police, who are keen to eradicate motorcycle taxis from the urban scene altogether. I interpret this tension as a conflict over the appropriate performance of development in the city; I argue that in pursuit of urban development, the city itself becomes an image, projected in order to attract the investment which will give body to the simulated spectacle that Kigali present. Conflicts between the city and motorcycle taxi drivers erupt because motorcycle taxis cannot perform to the aesthetic standards of the new Kigali. In conclusion, I suggest that the rendition of Kigali’s development as image has broader lessons for studies of development in general. Specifically, these conflicts expose the operation of images and their performance as political resources, conferring intelligibility and legitimacy in the spectacle of national development. Key words: Rwanda, poverty reduction, urban development, performativity 


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Apgar

As destination of choice for many short-term study abroad programs, Berlin offers students of German language, culture and history a number of sites richly layered with significance. The complexities of these sites and the competing narratives that surround them are difficult for students to grasp in a condensed period of time. Using approaches from the spatial humanities, this article offers a case study for enhancing student learning through the creation of digital maps and itineraries in a campus-based course for subsequent use during a three-week program in Berlin. In particular, the concept of deep mapping is discussed as a means of augmenting understanding of the city and its history from a narrative across time to a narrative across the physical space of the city. As itineraries, these course-based projects were replicated on site. In moving from the digital environment to the urban landscape, this article concludes by noting meanings uncovered and narratives formed as we moved through the physical space of the city.


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