Challenging “a Systematic Scheme of Racial Segregation”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. García
Keyword(s):  
School Board ◽  
School System ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
National Level ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Board Of Trustees ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Collective Effort ◽  
Systematic Scheme ◽  
System P

This chapter examines the remarkable aspects of the Soria v. Oxnard School Board of Trustees case, from the 1970 filing on behalf of Mexican American and Black plaintiffs attending Colonia schools, through the 1974 ruling by Judge Harry Pregerson. Following the case chronologically, the chapter analyzes how this collective effort to end de facto segregation in Oxnard was shaped by and contributed to struggles for desegregation at a national level. It calls attention to the use of historical evidence showing discrimination with intent (de jure) and in effect (de facto), which exposed and disrupted the district's long-denied, persistent dual school system.

Regionalism and the Rise of the Populist Far Right in India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Indian Politics ◽  
National Office ◽  
System P ◽  
Heads Of State

This chapter addresses India’s more recent experience of populism at the national level. While India has avoided a return to authoritarianism since the Emergency, populism has been a recurrent feature of Indian politics. The persistence of divided party rule between the national and subnational levels has meant an uneasy tension between two different modes of political mobilization for national office. National–subnational coalitions based on the distribution of pork have undergirded several Congress party governments. However, such coalitions remain inherently unstable given the autonomy of India’s subnational unit, and they are vulnerable to outflanking by populist appeals over the heads of state governments. The electoral success of the BJP under Modi in 2014 illustrates the appeal of populist mobilization in a vertically fragmented patronage-based system.

scholarly journals TEACHER EDUCATION FOR INCLUSION - THE PREMISES FOR IMPLEMENTING A NEW INITIAL TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMME / PRIELAIDOS ĮGYVENDINTI NAUJĄ MOKYTOJŲ RENGIMO PROGRAMĄ: INKLIUZINIS UGDYMAS MOKYKLOJE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Elena Marin
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
School System ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Training System ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Initial Teacher Training ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Training Programmes

<p><span>This paper attempts to highlight and examine the Romanian perspective regarding inclusive education by presenting some statistical data and the steps that have been made in order to make the switch from a school system lead by the segregation principle to a school system based on inclusive principles. Moreover, the attention focuses on schools` key actors, the teacher, more specifically on the initial teachers training programmes available in Romania. The starting point when it come to the initial teacher training programmes is based on the assumption that there is an acute need for training when it comes to the implementation of an inclusive educational system in Romania. Using a qualitative approach, we aimed at presenting specialists’ opinion on priority issues in policy development regarding the teacher training in the field of inclusive education, </span><span>focusing on </span><span>the premises for implementing a training system that is mandatory for every teacher in the inclusive education and on the aspects that relate to the rethinking of the teacher’s training process at a national level.</span></p><p><span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p><span lang="RO"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">Straipsnyje bandoma analizuoti inkliuzinio ugdymo diegimą Rumunijoje: pateikiama statistinių duomenų ir aprašoma, kokių veiksmų buvo imtasi pereinant nuo segregacijos principu pagrįstos ugdymo sistemos mokykloje prie inkliuzijos principais grindžiamos sistemos. Dėmesys kreipiamas į mokytojus ir mokytojų pirminio rengimo programas.<br />Mokytojų pirminis rengimas Rumunijoje remiasi prielaida, kad, siekiant įdiegti inkliuzinio ugdymo sistemą, tokių mokytojų rengimo poreikis yra labai didelis. Kokybiniu tyrimu buvo siekiama pateikti specialistų nuomonę dėl inkliuzinio ugdymo mokytojų rengimo politikos prioritetų, atkreipiamas dėmesys į tokių specialistų rengimo, privalomo kiekvienam inkliuzinį ugdymą taikančiam mokytojui, sistemos įdiegimo sąlygas<br />ir aspektus, susijusius su mokytojų rengimo proceso reformavimu nacionaliniu lygmeniu.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Resistance and Local Control of American Multicultural Education in the Era of Globalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 00011
Author(s):  
Irma Febriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
School Board ◽  
Local Control ◽  
School System ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
American Schools

This paper focuses on the process and result of creating a local control and the development of American schools in Newark, New Jersey. Being poor and insecure neighborhoods, Newark also has a 25 percent higher crime rate than the national average in the US which affects the school system, especially to the minorities. A disproportionate impact on minorities happens because of Newark’s population is 75 percent Black and Hispanic. As the ¾ part of the population, the minorities in Newark had not been able to decide their school system based on the locals’ needs. As a result, for decades, the education was mired by corruption, crumbling facilities, and low-performing students. There has been a debate about how the residents of Newark may be able to control Newark Public Schools and why they should gain control of their school board. Being able to regain control of its school board means having their rights to education granted: to adapt and experience American education equally. Controlling the school board has been central to Newark public schools since it is the only way to produce school policies. Globalization in education is not only a global movement of cultural influences, but also the framework of U.S. public schools for its multiculturalism as the country develops its public education system. Therefore, the question asked by this paper is that how education policies can be obtained.

scholarly journals Palliative Care Stakeholders in Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjie Xiao ◽  
Carleen Brenneis ◽  
Konrad Fassbender
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
National Level ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Care Policy ◽  
Medical Assistance In Dying ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Collective Effort ◽  
Starting Point

Abstract Background: Improving access to palliative care for Canadians requires a focused collective effort toward palliative and end-of-life care advocacy and policy. However, evolution of modern palliative care in Canada has resulted in stakeholders working in isolation. Identification of stakeholders is an important step to ensure that efforts to improve palliative care are coordinated. The purpose of this analysis is to collectively identify, classify and prioritize stakeholders who made contributions to national palliative care policies in Canada.Methods: A systematic grey literature search was conducted examining policy documents (i.e. policy reports, legislative bills, judicial court cases) in the field of palliative care, end-of-life, and medical assistance in dying, at the national level, over the last two decades. Organizations’ names were extracted directly or derived from individuals’ affiliations. We then classified stakeholders using an adapted classification approach and developed an algorithm to prioritize their contributions towards the publication of these documents.Results: Over 800 organizations contributed to 115 documents (41 policy reports, 11 legislative, 63 judicial). Discussions regarding national palliative care policy over the last two decades peaked in 2016. Stakeholder organizations contributing to national palliative care policy conversations throughout this period were classified into six types and broadly representative of society. The ranking algorithm identified the top 200 prioritized stakeholder organizations.Conclusions: Stakeholders from various societal sectors contributed to national palliative care conversions over the past two decades; however, not all the stakeholder organizations engaged to the same extent. The information is useful when a need arises for increased collaboration between stakeholders and can be a starting point to develop more effective engagement strategies.

Socioeconomic-Based School Assignment Policy and Racial Segregation Levels: Evidence From the Wake County Public School System

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deven Carlson ◽  
Elizabeth Bell ◽  
Matthew A. Lenard ◽  
Joshua M. Cowen ◽  
Andrew McEachin
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
School System ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Public School System ◽  
Neighborhood Contexts ◽  
Socioeconomic Integration ◽  
County Public School ◽  
Residential Context ◽  
Wake County ◽  
School Assignment

In the wake of political and legal challenges facing race-based integration, districts have turned to socioeconomic integration initiatives in an attempt to achieve greater racial balance across schools. Empirically, the extent to which these initiatives generate such balance is an open question. In this article, we leverage the school assignment system that the Wake County Public School System employed throughout the 2000s to provide evidence on this issue. Although our results show that Wake County Public School System’s socioeconomic-based assignment policy had negligible effects on average levels of segregation across the district, it substantially reduced racial segregation for students who would have attended majority-minority schools under a residence-based assignment policy. The policy also exposed these students to peers with different racial/ethnic backgrounds, higher mean achievement levels, and more advantaged neighborhood contexts. We explore how residential context and details of the policy interacted to produce this pattern of effects and close the article by discussing the implications of our results for research and policy.

Redesigning Urban Districts in the USA: Mayoral Accountability and the Diverse Provider Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth K. Wong
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
School Board ◽  
School System ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Teachers Union ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Urban Districts ◽  
Big City ◽  
The Usa

In response to public pressure, urban districts in the USA have initiated reforms that aim at redrawing the boundaries between the school system and other major local institutions. More specifically, this article focuses on two emerging reform strategies. We will examine an emerging model of governance that enables big-city mayors to establish authority over the school system, a significant departure from the dominant practice of district governance under an independently elected school board. Mayors in New York, Chicago, Boston and Washington DC, among others, have taken control over the school system with the authority to appoint the school board and/or the superintendent. Further, this article examines a reform strategy that allows for a closer working partnership between public schools and outside providers. This ‘diverse provider’ strategy significantly shifts power from traditionally powerful stakeholders (such as organized teachers’ union) by enabling non-profit and for-profit organizations to manage schools and other services. To illustrate the design and implementation of this type of reform, we will discuss the experience in Chicago (a mayor-led district) and Philadelphia (a district jointly governed by the governor and the mayor). In short, mayoral accountability and the diverse provider model constitute the latest reconfigurations in urban school governance in the USA.

scholarly journals "Heartless, Robotic Apologies": Indigenizing Toronto Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
Leif V. Fitzsimmons Frey
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
School Board ◽  
School System ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
The Way

This paper explores the ritual performances of reading the treaty acknowledgement every morning in my school board, in contrast to and in conjunction with the playing of the national anthem. The paper uses a survey I conducted in my middle school, my lived experiences in the school system, and draws on the ideas of Jill Carter, Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, Angela Sweigart-Gallagher, and Chelsea Vowel to inform a critical discussion about these performances and the way they provide an example of the failings and limitations of the school board’s current approach to reconciliation.  

scholarly journals “Proper Objects of This Institution”: Working Families, Children, and the British & Canadian School

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick Macleod ◽  
Mary Anne Poutanen
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
School Board ◽  
School System ◽  
Lower Canada ◽  
School Population ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
Apparent Loss ◽  
Working Families ◽  
Formed Part

Established in 1822 “for the education of the children of the labouring class,” Montreal’s British and Canadian School Society enabled working families of various ethnic backgrounds to have their children receive free schooling in a non-denominational setting. Located at the edge of the old town in a purpose-built structure, the British and Canadian School figured prominently within the array of early educational establishments studied by Bruce Curtis, Andrée Dufour, and others. In the wake of the rebellions in Lower Canada and the resulting separation of institutions along religious lines, the school became increasingly identified with the Protestant community and in 1866 was formally incorporated into the city’s emerging Protestant school system. Despite this apparent loss of its non-denominational character, the school continued to attract substantial numbers of children from Catholic and Jewish families, the latter resulting from an agreement between the synagogues and the school board. The school also retained its particular attraction for working-class families, who appear to have applied regularly with some determination to see their children exposed to learning even if only for short periods. A Registry of Admissions to the British and Canadian School from the mid-1870s reveals a pattern whereby schooling formed part of long-term strategy within the working class family economy; as such, it sheds light on the work of historians such as Bettina Bradbury and Terry Copp. The Registry also permits analysis of the school population by gender, ethnicity, age, place of residence, and academic competence.

Strategies of Segregation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. García
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
School System ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Community Resistance ◽  
Disparate Treatment ◽  
Separate And Unequal ◽  
Structural Architecture

This book unearths the ideological and structural architecture of enduring racial inequality within and beyond schools in Oxnard, California. This meticulously researched narrative spanning 1903 to 1974 excavates an extensive array of archival sources to expose a separate and unequal school system and its purposeful links with racially restrictive housing covenants. The book recovers powerful oral accounts of Mexican Americans and African Americans who endured disparate treatment and protested discrimination. The book's analysis is skillfully woven into a compelling narrative that culminates in an examination of one of the nation's first desegregation cases filed jointly by Mexican American and Black plaintiffs. This transdisciplinary history advances our understanding of racism and community resistance across time and place.

Seton, Elizabeth Ann Bayley (Mother Seton)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larraine M. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Parochial School ◽  
Religious Order ◽  
The Core ◽  
System P ◽  
Poor Children

Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton (Mother Seton) (1774–1821) founded the religious order of the Sisters of Charity, which operated the first Catholic orphanage. She established free schools for poor children in Philadelphia, forming the core of the parochial school system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document