scholarly journals Ethnicity and Impressions of Personality Using the Five-Factor Model: Stereotyping or Cultural Sensitivity?

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Andrea Kay Cooper ◽  
David Chin Evans
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Facial Symmetry ◽  
Interpersonal Perceptions ◽  
Group Members

The current research investigates whether communities use ethnicity as a cue when forming personality impressions of others. Past research has shown that dress, smiling, hairstyle, and even facial symmetry of targets produce systematic differences in personality impressions across the domains of the Five Factor model of personality. We investigated whether the stated or apparent ethnicity of groups and individuals also produce stereotypic impressions of personality. This study compared impressions across members and non-members of the target groups and examined “cue utility” i.e. whether impressions of the groups agreed with aggregated self-impressions by group members. In all, the results clearly suggest that people utilize ethnicity as a cue when forming impressions of the personalities of groups and individuals, and although those impressions are exaggerated consistent with stereotype theory, they confer some utility in interpersonal perceptions across cultures. Stereotypes are a strategy used to interpret the complex social environment in the absence of more specific information. When that information is available, perceptions of others become more refined and accurate.

Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Attitudes Toward Research Scale in a Graduate Student Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Howard ◽  
Paul G Michael
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Graduate Training ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Student Grades

Graduate training in psychology emphasizes a student's ability to understand research design and methodology, as well as to generate research that contributes to the profession. The Attitudes Toward Research (ATR) scale was developed in 2005 to measure attitudes among student populations. Past research suggests the scale contains five factors: usefulness of research, research anxiety, positive feelings about research, relevancy of research to the students' daily lives, and difficulty of research. The current study utilized data collected from first year graduate students ( N = 128) to examine the psychometric properties of the ATR. While the internal consistency and the construct validity of the scale were adequate, the scale did not appear to be a predictor of student grades in this sample. Exploratory factor analyses revealed a three-, four-, and seven-factor solution. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the five-factor model was a poor fit for the ATR. While the ATR assesses an important construct, the inferences made from this measure may be less useful when studying graduate students' attitudes and how they may impact learning and training.

Individual Differences in Need for Precision

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhubalan Viswanatian
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Tolerance For Ambiguity ◽  
Motivational Influence ◽  
And Mathematics

This article develops and validates a measure of the construct of need for precision (NFP), defined as a preference for engaging in a relatively fine-grained mode of processing, and studies its relationship to several constructs. NFP is argued to have a motivational influence on several facets of social cognition. The nature of the NFP construct is discussed in the theoretical context of the five-factor model from personality research. A measure of NFP was developed and modified on the basis of tests of reliability and unidimensionality across several studies. The scale was also tested for different forms of validity across several studies using self-reports and behavioral tasks. AHP was related to several constructs from past research including breadth of categorization, unit of perception, need for cognition, tolerance for ambiguity, intelligence, field dependability, and attitudes toward numerical information, statistics, and mathematics.

Five-Factor Model of Personality Traits and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Current Research and Future Directions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan S. Chiaburu ◽  
In-Sue Oh ◽  
Sophia V. Marinova
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Criterion Space

For over a quarter of a century, organizational scholars have sought to understand the ways in which employees contribute to organizational success through their organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Concurrently, personality traits have provided an important lens for illuminating what motivates such discretionary efforts. Our first purpose is to provide a state-of-the art, theoretically grounded review of the literature linking five-factor model (FFM) of personality traits to OCB. Second, we strive to clarify both our criterion construct (OCB) and our predictor space in order to facilitate the integration of past research and pave the way for future research. For our criterion space, we focus on three prominent types of OCB: directed toward individuals (OCB-I), toward the organization (OCB-O), and toward change (OCB-CH). For our predictor space, we examine FFM personality traits and FFM-based dark-side personality traits. Third, we offer new fruitful directions for future research. We conclude with three key themes for future research.

Relationships between Five Factor Personality Variables, Workplace Accidents, and Self-Efficacy

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1437-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas F. Cellar ◽  
Candice M. Yorke ◽  
Zachary C. Nelson ◽  
Keith A. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Workplace Accidents ◽  
Urban University ◽  
The Mean

Past research has examined the relationships between personality variables and workplace accidents; however, few studies have examined these relationships using the Five Factor Model of personality and trait-state relationships have not been examined in this context. The present study was undertaken to examine the relationships between personality characteristics based on the Five Factor Model, workplace accidents, and self-efficacy. To examine these relationships, personality, workplace accident, and self-efficacy data were collected from 202 undergraduate volunteers (134 women and 68 men) at a large midwestern urban university. The mean age of participants was 20.9 yr. ( SD = 5.0). The results indicated that scores on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were significantly correlated with workplace accidents as were the self-efficacy variables. Neuroticism and Agreeableness were significantly related to self-efficacy.

Social Desirability in Personality Inventories

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bäckström ◽  
Fredrik Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Personality Inventories ◽  
Model Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Variables

The difference between evaluatively loaded and evaluatively neutralized five-factor inventory items was used to create new variables, one for each factor in the five-factor model. Study 1 showed that these variables can be represented in terms of a general evaluative factor which is related to social desirability measures and indicated that the factor may equally well be represented as separate from the Big Five as superordinate to them. Study 2 revealed an evaluative factor in self-ratings and peer ratings of the Big Five, but the evaluative factor in self-reports did not correlate with such a factor in ratings by peers. In Study 3 the evaluative factor contributed above the Big Five in predicting work performance, indicating a substance component. The results are discussed in relation to measurement issues and self-serving biases.

Construction and Validation of a Short Adjectives Checklist to Measure Big Five (SACBIF)

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Perugini ◽  
Luigi Leone
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Personality Dimensions

The aim of this contribution is to present a new short adjective-based measure of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality, the Short Adjectives Checklist of BIg Five (SACBIF). We present the various steps of the construction and the validation of this instrument. First, 50 adjectives were selected with a selection procedure, the “Lining Up Technique” (LUT), specifically used to identify the best factorial markers of the FFM. Then, the factorial structure and the psychometric properties of the SACBIF were investigated. Finally, the SACBIF factorial structure was correlated with some main measures of the FFM to establish its construct validity and with some other personality dimensions to investigate how well these dimensions could be represented in the SACBIF factorial space.

Factorial Invariance of Child Self-Report Across English and Spanish Language Groups in a Hispanic Population Utilizing the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Newman ◽  
Christine A. Limbers ◽  
James W. Varni
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Related Quality

The measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children has witnessed significant international growth over the past decade in an effort to improve pediatric health and well-being, and to determine the value of health-care services. In order to compare international HRQOL research findings across language groups, it is important to demonstrate factorial invariance, i.e., that the items have an equivalent meaning across the language groups studied. This study examined the factorial invariance of child self-reported HRQOL across English- and Spanish-language groups in a Hispanic population of 2,899 children ages 8–18 utilizing the 23-item PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed specifying a five-factor model across language groups. The findings support an equivalent 5-factor structure across English- and Spanish-language groups. Based on these data, it can be concluded that children across the two languages studied interpreted the instrument in a similar manner. The multigroup CFA statistical methods utilized in the present study have important implications for cross-cultural assessment research in children in which different language groups are compared.

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