scholarly journals From Spain to New Spain: Revisiting the Potestas Populi in Hispanic Political Thought**

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Móónica Quijada
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
The Political ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Radical Ideas

This work studies the configuration in Hispanic political thought of the principle that true political legitimacy is based on the consent of the community and on the contractual nature of the origin of political power. The goal is to recover viewpoints that have been obscured by a Hispanist historiography, that is, a historiography of those whose work on the Hispanic world, which has focused on some authors and excluded others who were as significant and as influential. Moreover, this work seeks to highlight the unique aspects of that tradition in light of how historiography classifies diverse expressions of modern political thought in relation to their conservative or radical potential which, in the end, foreshadow their relation with, and influence on, the political changes of modernity. This article argues that the development of the principle of potestas populi within Hispanic political thought forms part of the long tradition of ““radical ideas”” that nourished modern revolutions and that this tradition was taken even further when it was applied to——the then recently discovered, that is, conquered——American populations. Finally, this work maintains that political thought should be reconsidered from a viewpoint that is not focused on a world of readers and academic learning——in which ideas, references, and texts are passed among individuals or groups of individuals——but on a more flexible notion and a wider scope: the concept of imaginaire, that is, how societies represent and perceive themselves. The reality of imaginaires resides in their very existence, their impact on mentality and behaviour, and in their capacity to influence decision-making processes. En este trabajo se estudia la configuracióón, en el pensamiento políítico hispáánico, del principio segúún el cual toda legitimidad políítica se basa en el consentimiento de la comunidad y en la naturaleza contractual del origen del poder. Uno de sus objetivos es recuperar planteamientos que han sido oscurecidos por la excluyente atencióón que la historiografíía interesada en los procesos hispáánicos ha prestado a algunos autores, por encima de otros igualmente significativos e influyentes. Se trata ademáás de resaltar los singulares matices de dicha tradicióón textual, a la luz de la clasificacióón que la historiografíía suele asignar a las distintas expresiones del pensamiento políítico moderno en funcióón de su potencial conservador o radical; lo que, en úúltima instancia, prefigura sus relaciones e influencias sobre los cambios polííticos de la modernidad. Se sostiene aquíí que el desarrollo del principio de la potestas populi en el pensamiento políítico hispáánico forma parte de la larga tradicióón de ““ideas radicales”” que alimentaron las revoluciones modernas, que fueron incluso llevadas a extremos no corrientes en la éépoca al ser aplicadas a las poblaciones que habíían sido recientemente descubiertas y que eran por tanto poblaciones de conquista. Finalmente, este trabajo mantiene que el pensamiento políítico debe ser reconsiderado desde una perspectiva que no se centre en un mundo de lectores y conocimiento acadéémico en que ideas, referencias y textos son transmitidos entre individuos o grupos de individuos, sino a partir de una nocióón máás flexible amplia: el concepto de imaginario, es decir, el conjunto de representaciones que las sociedades producen y desde las cuales se perciben a síí mismas; y cuya realidad reside en su propia existencia, en su impacto sobre las mentalidades y comportamientos y en su capacidad de influir sobre la toma de decisiones.

scholarly journals Las preferencias ideológicas y políticas judiciales: un modelo actitudinal sobre el voto en el tribunal constitucional de ecuador

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Basabe Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Explanatory Hypothesis ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Independent Indicator

RESUMEN: El estudio del comportamiento, dinámicas e interacciones de los jueces es un campo de la Ciencia Política que, a pesar de su fertilidad, ha sido analizado residualmente en América Latina. Frente a ello, este trabajo propone un modelo formal sobre el comportamiento de los vocales del Tribunal Constitucional de Ecuador (TC) a través del que se argumenta que las preferencias políticas de los jueces influyen en la dirección que asumen sus votos. Analizado en un amplio período de actividades del TC (1999-2003), y recurriendo a una base de datos de 441 observaciones, el modelo de regresión lineal produce resultados que verifican empíricamente la hipótesis propuesta. Recurriendo a una metodología múltiple, en la que destaca la construcción de un indicador independiente para medir la ubicación ideológica de los jueces, el trabajo concluye sugiriendo criterios a partir de los que se abona el terreno para la posterior exploración, no sólo del voto judicial sino también de las lógicas que conducen los procesos de toma de decisiones en cortes y tribunales de justicia.ABSTRACT: The study of the behavior, dynamic and interactions of the judges, is a field of the Political Science that, in spite of its fertility, has been analyzed residually in Latin America. As opposed to it, this work proposes an formal model of the behavior of the judges of the Constitutional Court of Ecuador (TC) in which is argued that the political preferences of the judges influence in the direction who assume their votes. Tested in an ample period of activities of the  TC (1999-2003), and resorting to a data base of 441 observations, the model of linear regression produces results that verify the propose explanatory hypothesis empirically. Resorting to a multiple methodology, in which it emphasizes the construction of an independent indicator to measure the ideological location of the judges, the work also concludes suggesting criteria from whom the land for the later exploration is paid, not only of the judicial vote but of the logics that the processes of decision making in courts of justice lead.

Getting to the Future

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Michael K. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Electoral Cycles ◽  
Shared Futures ◽  
Deliberative Processes

This chapter makes three arguments in support of the claim that we need inclusive deliberative processes to shape the future in collectively intentional, mutually accommodating ways. First, inclusive collective decision-making processes are needed to avoid futures that favour the interests of some groups of people over others. Second, deliberative processes are needed to shape our shared futures in collectively intentional ways: we need to be able to talk to ourselves about what we are doing and where we want to get to in the future. Third, deliberative exchanges are needed to help collectivities avoid the policy oscillations that are (or may be) associated with the political dynamics of short electoral cycles. Effective processes of reciprocal reason giving can help collectivities maintain policy continuity over the long term—when continuity is justified—even as governments and generations change.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Todd Butler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Shared Attention ◽  
Stuart England ◽  
To Come

This chapter explains how the political changes of early Stuart England can be usefully examined from a cognitive perspective, with questions of authority and sovereignty being determined not just by what individuals or institutions do but also by how they are understood and expected to think, and in particular how they were expected to come to decisions. In doing so, it links early modern and contemporary understandings of state formation in seventeenth-century England to processes of decision-making and counsel, as well as the management of personal and public opinion, thereby explicating the mental mechanics of early modern governance. More than being simply a form of political thought or doctrine, intellection is presented as a shared attention to cognitive processes amidst historical moments in which we can see particular patterns of thinking—and attention to them as politics—begin to emerge.

scholarly journals Legitimacy from Decision-Making Influence and Outcome Favourability: Results from General Population Survey Experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 146-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sveinung Arnesen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Micro Foundations

Democracies are typically considered more legitimate than other types of regimes because they allow the citizens to participate in the policy decision-making process. Others argue that the policy output matters most, and citizen influence plays a lesser role. This study presents two survey experiments on the micro foundations of these two sources of political legitimacy, thus contributing to an emerging literature that experimentally investigates the effects of democratic procedures in small-scale settings. Respondents who saw the decision going in their favour found the decision much more acceptable than the respondents who preferred another outcome. Conversely, decision-making influence generally did not serve as a legitimising factor among the respondents. This result supports the argument that citizens prefer a stealth democracy where they are minimally involved in democratic decision-making processes.

scholarly journals Technology, Public Participation, and the American Bureaucracy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher George Torres
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Environmental Literacy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This dissertation analyzes three participatory technology assessment (pTA) projects conducted within United States federal agencies between 2014 and 2018. The field of Science and Technology Studies (STS) argues that a lack of public participation in addressing issues of science and technology in society has produced undemocratic processes of decision-making with outcomes insensitive to the daily lives of the public. There has been little work in STS, however, examining what the political pressures and administrative challenges are to improving public participation in U.S. agency decision-making processes. Following a three-essay format, this dissertation aims to fill this gap. Drawing on qualitative interviews with key personnel, and bringing STS, policy studies, and public administration scholarship into conversation, this dissertation argues for the significance of “policy entrepreneurs” who from within U.S. agencies advocate for pTA and navigate the political controls on innovative forms of participation. The first essay explores how the political culture and administrative structures of the American federal bureaucracy shape the bureaucratic contexts of public participation in science and technology decision-making. The second essay is an in-depth case study of the role political controls and policy entrepreneurs played in adopting, designing, and implementing pTA in NASA’s Asteroid Initiative. The third essay is a comparative analysis of how eight political and administrative conditions informed pTA design and implementation for NASA’s Asteroid Initiative, DOE’s consent-based nuclear waste siting program, and NOAA’s Environmental Literacy Program. The results of this dissertation highlight how important the political and administrative contexts of federal government programs are to understanding how pTA is designed and implemented in agency science and technology decision-making processes, and the key role agency policy entrepreneurs play in facilitating pTA through these political and administrative contexts. This research can aid STS scholars and practitioners better anticipate and mitigate the barriers to embedding innovative forms of public participation in U.S. federal government science and technology program design and decision-making processes.

Can Democracy be Deliberative & Participatory? The Democratic Case for Political Uses of Mini-Publics

Daedalus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lafont
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Negative Conclusion ◽  
Political Decision Making

This essay focuses on recent proposals to confer decisional status upon deliberative mini-publics such as citizens' juries, Deliberative Polls, and citizens' assemblies. Against such proposals, I argue that inserting deliberative mini-publics into political decision-making processes would diminish the democratic legitimacy of the political system as a whole. This negative conclusion invites a question: which political uses of mini-publics would yield genuinely democratic improvements? Drawing from a participatory conception of deliberative democracy, I propose several uses of mini-publics that could enhance the democratic legitimacy of political decision-making in current societies.

The Political Analysis of Negotiation: How Who Gets What and When

1974 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. William Zartman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Underdeveloped Area ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Number Of Parties

Negotiation is one of the basic political or decision-making processes, but if processes in general have been sorely neglected in political analysis, negotiation has been neglected more than most. Legislation as an institutional function has a respectable literature; as a process wherein goal values are constant and decisions are made by aggregating a sufficient number of parties to constitute a numerically superior side, it has become the subject of coalition theory. Adjudication has also given rise to a large quantity of institutional literature, although a theory explaining the process wherein a single party combines events and values to produce a decision is less well established. Similarly, diplomacy—and more recently, collective bargaining—has been thoroughly described, and economists and mathematicians using game and utility theories have developed some complex models of bargaining. But negotiation as a political process, specifically explained in terms of power, is an underdeveloped area of theory.

scholarly journals Euxenippos at Oropos

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dream Recall ◽  
Athenian Democracy ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Moment

The chapter explores how divination through dream incubation was involved in the decision-making processes of the Athenian democracy. It focuses on the consultation of Amphiaraos in the mid-fourth century by a delegation including Euxenippos, which we know about from a speech of Isaios. It explores the wider evidence about the practical aspects of dream incubation, and draws on modern studies of dreaming, looking at the practice of recording dreams in writing at the moment of waking, and self-training to improve dreaming and dream recall. The chapter argues that, as in other forms of divination, Athens employed men like Euxenippos as ‘expert dreamers’, who were expected to have dreams when required, and who were supported by other Athenians, who acted as assistants and witnesses of the process. It further argues that divination by dreaming was taken seriously by the democracy, with expert dreamers having potentially great influence on decision-making, and becoming themselves inevitably part of the political process.

scholarly journals Modelo circumplejo del afecto aplicado al control de sistemas dinámicos

Respuestas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
José Danilo Rairán-Antolines
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Circumplex Model ◽  
Human Emotion ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Decision Making Processes

En este artículo se propone la construcción de una estrategia de control de sistemas dinámicos nueva, basada en las emociones humanas. Se quiere emular las emociones porque psicólogos y neurocientíficos han demostrado que son indispensables en el proceso de toma de decisiones, y esta es la tarea de todo controlador. Se exponen cuatro campos de aplicación para esta invención, en los cuales la autonomía y la adaptación son esenciales. Además, ocho modelos computacionales de las emociones son referenciados, dado que involucran la cognición; se concluye que es necesario hacer ajustes para incluir uno de ellos en una estrategia de control. Por esto se formula, como aporte del artículo, el uso del modelo circumplejo del afecto; este etiqueta a la combinación de dos variables como una emoción humana.Palabras Clave:Modelos de las emociones humanas, los procesos de decisión, Circumplejo modelo de afecto, control autónomo. AbstractIn this paper we propose the design of a new control strategy for dynamic systems based on human emotions. Since psychologists and neuroscientists have demonstrated that emotions are indispensable in the Decision-Making-Process, and decision-making is the work of every controller, it is our desire to emulate emotions in the systems design. Here we deal with four areas of application for this invention in which autonomy and adaptability are essential. As well, eight emotion computational models are referenced. Given that these involve cognition, it is concluded as necessary to make adjustments to include one of these in a control strategy. For this reason, this article formulates the use of the Circumplex Model of Affect, a model which labels a human emotion as a variable. Keywords: Human Emotion Models, Decision-Making Processes, Circumplex Model of Affect, Autonomous Control. 

Directriz para el fortalecimiento de los programas nacionales de guías informadas por la evidencia. Una herramienta para la adaptación e implementación de guías en las Américas

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
General Information ◽  
National Guideline ◽  
System Level ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Sociedad Civil ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Adaptation Processes

[Alcance y objetivos]. Este documento tiene como objetivo presentar las estrategias políticas y metodológicas para la creación y el fortalecimiento de los programas nacionales de guías enfocados en los procesos de adaptación de guías informadas por la evidencia en las Américas. La directriz presentada en este documento muestra las consideraciones que se deben tener en cuenta en los programas nacionales de guías con el fin de facilitar su implementación y sostenibilidad, así como las metodologías y herramientas para su elaboración. También se exponen las generalidades de la implementación de las guías con el fin de facilitar a las entidades gubernamentales, los actores del sistema de salud y la sociedad civil el uso de guías informadas en la evidencia dentro de los procesos de toma de decisiones a nivel individual, organizacional y de los sistemas de salud. La directriz busca apoyar la elaboración e implementación de guías brindando un mapa general de los requerimientos, presenta los diferentes recursos y manuales regionales y muestra de forma operativa el proceso metodológico. De forma general, toma elementos de diferentes métodos de adaptación, como Adolopment (Schünemann et al., 2017), y los operativiza con el fin de servir de apoyo a los procesos de adaptación de guías. [Scope and objectives]. The purpose of this document is to present policy-oriented and methodological strategies for developing and/or strengthening national guideline programs, focusing on the adaptation of evidence-informed guidelines in the Americas. The information presented in this document includes considerations to be taken into account in national guideline programs in order to facilitate their implementation and sustainability. It presents methodologies and tools for adapting the guidelines, as well as general information on the implementation of guidelines to help governmental agencies, stakeholders in the health care system, and civil society use evidence-informed guidelines in decision-making processes at the individual, organizational, and health system level. This document seeks to support the development and implementation of guidelines while providing a general map of the requirements. It also presents the different resources and regional manuals that discussing greater detail the methodological process. In general, this document takes elements of different methods of adaptation as “Adolopment” (Schünemann et al., 2017) and operationalize them to support the adaptation processes of guidelines.

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