Progress without Progressives? The Effects of Development on Women's Educational and Political Equality in Cultural Context, 1980 to 2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade M. Cole ◽  
Claudia Geist
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Legacies ◽  
And Gender

Researchers often attribute diminishing gender inequality to economic development. When different aspects of gender inequality are examined, however, evidence points to both cross-national convergence as well as persistent (or even growing) heterogeneity in women's status. To make sense of this contradiction, we examine the extent to which culture moderates the relationship between economic development and gender inequality. We consider two dimensions of gender inequality, gender gaps in educational attainment and women's share of parliament, using data for 150 countries between 1980 and 2010. We find convergence toward greater equality in education, independently of economic development. But cross-cultural differences in female political representation persist or even grow as a function of economic development. Our results imply that economic development is not a direct pathway to greater gender equality. Rather, cultural legacies play an important role in shaping developmental trajectories.

An Introduction to Gender and Representation in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Latin American Politics ◽  
Gender And Politics ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
And Gender

In this introductory chapter of Gender and Representation in Latin America, Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer argues that gender inequality in political representation in Latin America is rooted in institutions and the democratic challenges and political crises facing Latin American countries. She situates the book in two important literatures—one on Latin American politics and democratic institutions, the other on gender and politics—and then explains how the book will explore the ways that institutions and democratic challenges and political crises moderate women’s representation and gender inequality. She introduces the book’s framework of analyzing the causes and consequences of women’s representation, overviews the organization of the volume, and summarizes the main arguments of the chapters.

Gender and Politics in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Steel ◽  
Sherry Martin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender And Politics ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women's Political Participation

This article argues that Japan, a wealthy, secular country with a highly educated population, provides an important counterweight to assumptions about modernization and gender. The authors outline the ways in which gender inequality was a cornerstone of Japan’s economic development. This still has ramifications today for women’s political participation and representation, and for the quality of Japan’s democracy.

Gender and Representation in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
And Gender

In the past thirty years, women’s representation and gender equality has developed unevenly in Latin America. Some countries have experienced large increases in gender equality in political offices, whereas others have not, and even within countries, some political arenas have become more gender equal whereas others continue to exude intense gender inequality. These patterns are inconsistent with explanations of social and cultural improvements in gender equality leading to improved gender equality in political office. Gender and Representation in Latin America argues instead that gender inequality in political representation in Latin America is rooted in institutions and the democratic challenges and political crises facing Latin American countries and that these challenges matter for the number of women and men elected to office, what they do once there, how much power they gain access to, and how their presence and actions influence democracy and society more broadly. The book draws upon the expertise of top scholars of women, gender, and political institutions in Latin America to analyze the institutional and contextual causes and consequences of women’s representation in Latin America. It does this in part I with chapters that analyze gender and political representation regionwide in each of five different “arenas of representation”—the presidency, cabinets, national legislatures, political parties, and subnational governments. In part II, it provides chapters that analyze gender and representation in each of seven different countries—Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia. The authors bring novel insights and impressive new data to their analyses, helping to make this one of the most comprehensive books on gender and political representation in Latin America today.

Socio-Economic Development and Gender Inequality in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Telu Suvarna ◽  
S. Chandrachud ◽  
S. Thangamayan ◽  
M. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
And Gender

Gender at the interface of culture and language: Conceptual variation between Italian, Dutch, and English

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Mazzuca ◽  
Anna M. Borghi ◽  
saskia va putten ◽  
Luisa Lugli ◽  
Roberto Nicoletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Conceptual Representation ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Treatment ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conceptual Variation ◽  
Culture And Language

Gender can be considered an embodied social concept, encompassing physical, biological, and concrete aspects, as well as cultural, linguistic, and abstract dimensions. In this study we explored whether the conceptual structure of gender—as expressed in participants’ free-listing responses and ratings—varies as a function of different cultural and linguistic norms and gender-related experiences. Specifically, we compared Italian, Dutch, and English speaking participants, three communities that vary in their social treatment of gender-related issues and in how they linguistically encode gender. Additionally, we assessed the impact of differential gender-experiences by comparing participants that varied by gender-normativity in each sample. Within each community there were considerable individual differences in the representation of gender with heterogeneous associations ranging from more strictly physical and concrete ones (e.g., male, female) to more social and abstract (e.g., feminism, performativity). Nevertheless, we also found stable cross-cultural differences in the concept of gender. For example, Italian participants mainly focused on abstract, social, and cultural features (e.g., discrimination, politics, power), whereas Dutch participants produced more concrete features related to the corporeal sphere (e.g., hormones, breasts, genitals). Our results show that gender is a composite and flexible concept that can be represented in more abstract or concrete terms depending on cultural context. Importantly, this suggests that in the conceptual representation of gender both aspects are relevant, but that culture differentially shapes the concept of gender making some aspects more salient than others.

scholarly journals The Gender Features of the Labor Market in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (517) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
O. O. Khandii ◽  
◽  
O. O. Amosha ◽  
D. O. Mosiichuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Features

The article is aimed at exploring the gender features of the labor market in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the impact of quarantine restrictions caused by the introduction of anti-epidemic measures to counteract the spread of coronavirus disease in Ukraine, on the existing balance of gender equality in Ukrainian society. The identified gender inequality manifestations in the labor market have intensified and received negative dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quarantine restrictions and the limited activities of enterprises in the sphere of trade, culture, art, education, hotel business and others, in the structure of employment of which the women’s labor force prevails, have caused an increase in the number of unemployed and a decrease in the social protection of employees involved in these sectors. An increase in the wage gap between women and men during the period of quarantine restrictions both by type of economic activity and by region is identified. The proposals and recommendations are directed towards: taking into account gender needs in overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic; reducing gender inequality and injustice in employment and income; ensuring support for political activity of the female population, involvement in decision-making in the life of both the community and the State; strengthening liability for direct or indirect discrimination and gender inequality; taking into account in the programs of socio-economic development of territories of gender needs as to different age groups; introduction of training aimed at ensuring gender approach and gender equality in organizations and enterprises; financial, economic, legal and educational support for the development of women’s business. Prospect for further research in this direction is to determine the impact of the existing level of gender equality and the structure of employment by gender in the sectors on the possibilities of economic development of the country.

scholarly journals Bias Gender Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama di Aceh

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardin M Nur
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Gender Inequities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Classroom Data

This research would like to discuss about the behavior of teachers in the class against their behavior outside the classroom. Data collection techniques were obtained, unstructured interviews, documentary and triangulation studies using sexual theories. After doing research by using univariate and bivariate analysis, it can be concluded that the behavior of teachers in the class has a significant effect on their behavior outside the classroom. This is confirmed by data from the age of gender bias dimensions studied, eight dimensions (80%) occur in gender bias and two dimensions (20%) do not occur gender bias. There was a strong enough change between the two (100%). This means that the higher the gender bias in learning, the higher the gender bias and gender inequities in schools. This study discusses the relationship between gender bias of learning with bias and gender inequality in schools.

African Americans and the Crisis of Modernity

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Eric S. King
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Family ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Crisis Of Modernity

This article examines Lorraine Hansberry’s play A Raisin in the Sun by exploring the conflict between a traditionally Southern, Afro-Christian, communitarian worldview and certain more destabilizing elements of the worldview of modernity. In addition to examining the socio-economic problems confronted by some African Americans in the play, this article investigates the worldviews by which these Black people frame their problems as well as the dynamics within the relationships of a Black family that lives at the intersection of racial, class, and gender inequality in Chicago during the latter 1950s.

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