scholarly journals Diatoms in lung tissue: first investigation in Brazil in proving death by drowning

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole P.M. Carneiro ◽  
L. C. Torgan ◽  
M. Vaz ◽  
L. P. Utz
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Inverted Microscope ◽  
Death By Drowning ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Diatoms are microalgae widely distributed in inland and marine waters and during drowning they are inhaled together with water, passing through the bloodstream to various internal organs of a victim. Our investigation aimed to evaluate the diatoms extracted from the lung tissues of an individual with drowning diagnosis and compare them to those found in the environment, in order to prove the cause of death and the drowning site. A left lung fragment of 17.9 grams removed from the victim was oxidized and prepared for diatoms identification and quantification using inverted microscope. A total of 133 diatoms valves was found, being 85% belong to pennate forms and 15% to centric forms. Pinnularia, a bentonic genus, had greatest number of valves, followed by Fragilaria, Actinocyclus, Cocconeis and Encyonema. These results revealed that the victim drowned at the bottom of the lake, inhaling both water and sediments with diatoms. This is the first investigation of this nature carried out in Brazil.

Bordetella bronchiseptica infections in cats

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Bacterial Cultures

Eleven cats from 10 different households or catteries were diagnosed with Bordetella bronchiseptica (B. bronchiseptica) infections. Seven cases proved fatal, in which B. bronchiseptica pneumonia was a primary or significant cause of death. The majority of cases (seven of 11) were in kittens less than eight weeks old. A universal complaint was coughing. Bacterial cultures from transtracheal washes or lung tissue were successful in diagnosing bordetellosis in all cases. This report indicates that B. bronchiseptica should be a consideration in a cat presenting with a primary complaint of coughing and may be a relatively common disease in catteries or shelter environments.

Relationship of components of the body among mature cows as related to size, lactation potential and possible effects on productivity

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Jenkins ◽  
C. L. Ferrell ◽  
L. V. Cundiff
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Performance Potential ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Basal Energy Expenditure ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACTAttributes of lactation and weight of components of the empty body were analysed to evaluate relationships between performance potential of various breeds or breed crosses and the proportion of empty-body components relative to slaughter weight. Differences in major internal organs attributable to breed, breed cross, level of food intake, mature body size and milk production potential were observed. Milk yield was positively related to proportion of lung tissue, tended to be positively related to head and liver tissues but was negatively related to the proportion of warm carcass. As estimated from a three breed diallel, significant additive breed direct effects were observed for several empty-body components. In general, heterosis tended to be non-significant for all proportions of body components with the exception of proportion of head, fore and hind feet and lung tissue. Breed crosses characterized as having greater potential for mature weight were heavier at slaughter and had a greater proportion of structural components such as head, hide and fore and hind feet. Differences among visceral organs associated with production potential for size and milk production are discussed relative to the possible effect on basal energy expenditure and the effect these differences may have on the energy requirements for a cow/calf livestock enterprise.

scholarly journals Differential diagnostics of the presence of damage by the method of digital polarization mapping of microsocopy images of hystological sections of human organs

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Litvinenko ◽  
Oleh Vanchulyak ◽  
Irina Soltys ◽  
Olga Mikhailova ◽  
Artem Motrich
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Ellipticity Of Polarization

The article presents the results of experimental testing of methods of azimuthal-invariant polarization mapping of microscopic images of samples of histological sections of the myocardium and lung tissue; time monitoring of changes in the magnitude of statistical moments of the 1-4th orders, characterizing the distributions of the azimuth and ellipticity of polarization of microscopic images of myocardial and lung tissue samples with different age of damage; determination of the diagnostic efficiency (time interval and accuracy) of establishing the age of damage to human internal organs by digital histological methods of mapping azimuth maps and polarization ellipticity of microscopic images. Aim of the work. Development of a digital histology technique for samples of human internal organs. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the histology of samples of human internal organs (myocardium, lung tissue) with different duration of damage from 1 hour to 120 hours. For control, we used BT samples from those who died from coronary artery disease with different duration of damage from 1 hour to 120 hours. The studies were carried out using the method of digital polarization mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of biological tissues of human internal organs. Results. Revealed the following ranges ramp variation quantity statistics polarizing digital histology and accuracy of the limitation of damage: a. Arts azimuth polarization microscopic image of a magnification ×40 (asymmetry – 12 hours, kurtosis – 12 hours, accuracy – 55-60 min), maps of ellipticity of polarization of microscopic images with a magnification of ×40 (asymmetry – 12 hours, kurtosis – 12 hours, accuracy – 65-75 min). Conclusions. Scenarios of changes in the statistical structure of maps of azimuth and ellipticity of polarization of microscopic images of histological sections of human internal organs have been determined - with an increase in the duration of damage, the value of the mean and variance decreases, the asymmetry and kurtosis increase.

Does occurrence of diatoms in internal organs always prove a case of drowning

2018 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Marek Bogusz ◽  
◽  
Iwona Bogusz ◽  
Magdalena Kwiatkowska ◽  
Agnieszka Siwińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Diatom Test ◽  
Unique Cell ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Medical Examinations

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) are unicellular algae inhabiting in aquatic ecosystems and marsh habitats on the entire Earth. This group of algae, variable in terms of species, comprises both cosmopolitan ones but also those whose occurrence is limited to specific environmental conditions, i.e. stenotopic species. Diatoms are distinguished by unique cell walls making so-called, frustules, whose structures constitute the bases for differentiation between species. Frustules are resistant to the majority of environmental conditions that destroy other algae. Due to the above characteristics diatoms have been incorporated in forensic investigations and they can be the conclusive component of the proceedings by indicating drowning as the cause of death. In those cases, it is important to answer the question whether finding diatoms in internal organs of corpses found in water always proves drowning. The publication uses reports from forensic medical examinations of corpses and reports from detecting presence of diatoms in internal organs performed in years 2013-2017 in the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Warsaw Medical University, which is presently the only centre in Poland that routinely performs the diatom test. It has been demonstrated that a positive result of the diatom test generally coincides with the conclusive indications of the cause of death in the forensic medical autopsy reports. Only in few individual well-explainable cases the results of the diatom tests did not confirm conclusions from the forensic autopsies, which excluded drowning as the cause of death.

A high dose of estrogen can improve renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced pulmonary injury in ovariectomized female rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Samin Nahavandi ◽  
Saeedeh Ahmadi ◽  
Seyed Alireza Sobhani ◽  
Tuba Abbasi ◽  
Aghdas Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pulmonary Injury

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) as a pathological process induces remote organ injury such as lung complications and it is regulated in a hormone-dependent manner. This study investigates the effect of estrogen on RIR-induced pulmonary injury in ovariectomized (OV) rats. A total of 60 female Wistar rats were divided into six groups: (i) intact sham, (ii) OV sham, (iii) OV sham + estradiol valerate (E), (iv) intact ischemia, (v) OV ischemia, and (vi) OV ischemia + E. Bilateral ischemia was performed for 45 min in all groups except sham. Before the ischemia, OV groups received an intramuscular (i.m.) injection of E. After reperfusion, blood samples were collected for serum analysis and kidney and lung tissue were separated for pathological experiment and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite measurement. The left lung was weighed to measure pulmonary edema. Estrogen deficiency caused a greater increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels during IRI. Ischemia reduced nitrite of serum and lung tissue. The increased level of MDA during ischemia, returned to normal levels via estrogen injection. The severity of renal and lung damage in ischemic groups increased significantly, and estrogen improved this injury. Estrogen as an antioxidant agent can reduce oxidative stress and may improve renal function and ameliorating lung damage caused by RIR.

scholarly journals Aplasia - Congenital Lung Abnormality with Non-Development

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Rivera ◽  
Douglas Gardenhire
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Lung Abnormalities ◽  
History Of

The following case presentation is of a 75-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation, secondary to pneumonia, and a history of a congenital left lung abnormality with non-development. Since the first report by de Pozzis in 1673, more than 200 cases of lung abnormalities with non-development have been recorded.1,2 The first proposed classification of underdevelopment of the lung was introduced by Schneider in 1912: Class I Agenesis - total absence of bronchus and lung, Class II Aplasia - rudimentary bronchus without lung tissue, and Class III Hypoplasia - bronchial hypoplasia and variable but reduced amount of lung tissue.1,2 The rarity of reports and applicable literature involving congenital lung abnormalities with non-development in the elderly, such as pulmonary aplasia, prompted this case presentation.

scholarly journals Early detection of radiation-induced lung damage with X-ray dark-field radiography in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rico Burkhardt ◽  
Thomas Gora ◽  
Alexander A. Fingerle ◽  
Andreas P. Sauter ◽  
Felix Meurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Healthy Lung

Abstract Objective Assessing the advantage of x-ray dark-field contrast over x-ray transmission contrast in radiography for the detection of developing radiation-induced lung damage in mice. Methods Two groups of female C57BL/6 mice (irradiated and control) were imaged obtaining both contrasts monthly for 28 weeks post irradiation. Six mice received 20 Gy of irradiation to the entire right lung sparing the left lung. The control group of six mice was not irradiated. A total of 88 radiographs of both contrasts were evaluated for both groups based on average values for two regions of interest, covering (irradiated) right lung and healthy left lung. The ratio of these average values, R, was distinguished between healthy and damaged lungs for both contrasts. The time-point when deviations of R from healthy lung exceeded 3σ was determined and compared among contrasts. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to test against the null hypothesis that there is no difference between both groups. A selection of 32 radiographs was assessed by radiologists. Sensitivity and specificity were determined in order to compare the diagnostic potential of both contrasts. Inter-reader and intra-reader accuracy were rated with Cohen’s kappa. Results Radiation-induced morphological changes of lung tissue caused deviations from the control group that were measured on average 10 weeks earlier with x-ray dark-field contrast than with x-ray transmission contrast. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy doubled using dark-field radiography. Conclusion X-ray dark-field radiography detects morphological changes of lung tissue associated with radiation-induced damage earlier than transmission radiography in a pre-clinical mouse model. Key Points • Significant deviations from healthy lung due to irradiation were measured after 16 weeks with x-ray dark-field radiography (p = 0.004). • Significant deviations occur on average 10 weeks earlier for x-ray dark-field radiography in comparison to x-ray transmission radiography. • Sensitivity and specificity doubled when using x-ray dark-field radiography instead of x-ray transmission radiography.

scholarly journals Necrostatin-1 Synergizes the Pan Caspase Inhibitor to Attenuate Lung Injury Induced by Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Liangrong Wang ◽  
Baihui Chen ◽  
Xiangqing Xiong ◽  
Shunli Chen ◽  
Lida Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Caspase Inhibitor ◽  
Interacting Protein

Background. Both apoptosis and necroptosis have been recognized to be involved in ischemia reperfusion-induced lung injury. We aimed to compare the efficacies of therapies targeting necroptosis and apoptosis and to determine if there is a synergistic effect between the two therapies in reducing lung ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 5 groups: sham (SM) group, ischemia reperfusion (IR) group, necrostatin-1+ischemia reperfusion (NI) group, carbobenzoxy-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone+ischemia reperfusion (ZI) group, and necrostatin-1+carbobenzoxy-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone+ischemia reperfusion (NZ) group. The left lung hilum was exposed without being clamped in rats from the SM group, whereas the rats were subjected to lung ischemia reperfusion by clamping the left lung hilum for 1 hour, followed by reperfusion for 3 hours in the IR group. 1 mg/kg necrostatin-1 (Nec-1: a specific necroptosis inhibitor) and 3 mg/kg carbobenzoxy-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk: a pan caspase inhibitor) were intraperitoneally administrated prior to ischemia in NI and ZI groups, respectively, and the rats received combined administration of Nec-1 and z-VAD-fmk in the NZ group. Upon reperfusion, expressions of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1), receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), and caspase-8 were measured, and the flow cytometry analysis was used to assess the cell death patterns in the lung tissue. Moreover, inflammatory marker levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pulmonary edema were evaluated. Results. Both Nec-1 and z-VAD-fmk, either alone or in combination, significantly reduced morphological damage, inflammatory markers, and edema in lung tissues following reperfusion, and cotreatment of z-VAD-fmk with Nec-1 produced the optimal effect. The rats treated with Nec-1 had lower levels of inflammatory markers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid than those receiving z-VAD-fmk alone ( P < 0.05 ). Interestingly, the z-VAD-fmk administration upregulated RIP1 and RIP3 expressions in the lung tissue from the ZI group compared to those in the IR group ( P < 0.05 ). Reperfusion significantly increased the percentages of necrotic and apoptotic cells in lung tissue single-cell suspension, which could be decreased by Nec-1 and z-VAD-fmk, respectively ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. Nec-1 synergizes the pan caspase inhibitor to attenuate lung ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Our data support the potential use of Nec-1 in lung transplantation-related disorders.

scholarly journals Internal organ lesions in patients with acute leukemia according to autopsy data

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-396
Author(s):  
Eldor Iskhakov ◽  
Khasan Tursunov ◽  
Saidjalol Bakhramov
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Cytostatic Treatment ◽  
Autopsy Data ◽  
Blast Cells ◽  
Almost All

The analysis of the condition of the internal organs in 17 patients with acute leukemia who died before treatment and at various stages of the antitumor cytostatic treatment was performed. In those cases when patients died before the start of cytostatic treatment, almost all internal organs had a specific lesion of blast cells, which was the cause of death in these patients. In patients who died in a state of myelotoxic aplasia of hematopoiesis, the cause of death was gross dystrophic changes in the internal organs, which led to multiple organ failure due to resistant sepsis.

scholarly journals Letter to the editor regarding “Diatoms in lung tissue: first investigation in Brazil in proving death by drowning”

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Fabio Antonio Tironi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Death By Drowning

1. LETTER TO THE EDITOR  Thank you for publishing the paper entitled “Diatoms in lung tissue: first investigation in Brazil in proving death by drowning”, by Carneiro, et al., 2017 [1].

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