scholarly journals Influence of microwave pre-treated Palm Kernel Shell and Mukah Balingian coal on co-gasification

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5791-5803 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ahmad ◽  
M. A. M. Ishak ◽  
K. Ismail ◽  
N. N. Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Untreated Sample ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

In this study, microwave irradiation pretreatment of palm kernel shell (PKS) and Mukah Balingian (MB) coal was carried out in a fixed bed reactor. The effect of microwave power and processing time was investigated on pretreated PKS and MB coal characteristic. Then, the co-gasification of microwave pretreated PKS and MB coal was conducted to examine the effect of product yield and gases composition. The results showed that, the characteristics of pretreated sample was improved with increasing microwave power and processing time. The volatile matter, oxygen content and O/C ratio of pretreated sample decreased, while the calorific value, fixed carbon and carbon content of pretreated sample increased with increasing microwave power. The carbon content of pretreated PKS was closed to the untreated MB coal with comparable calorific value was obtained. The microwave power level of 450 W and processing time of 8 min were appropriate to upgrade the PKS and MB coal for co-gasification. The pretreated sample produced higher gas yield and lower tar and char yield than the untreated sample during co-gasification. This result was due to low moisture and oxygenated compound of pretreated feedstock made it appropriate to be converted in co-gasification. Moreover, co-gasification of pretreated sample produced the higher H2+CO and CH4 and lower CO2 composition than untreated sample. Thus, it can be concluded that the microwave irradiation pretreatment on PKS and MB coal performed the significant impact on the product distribution and composition during the co-gasification.

The Effect of Mixing Coal with Biomass in Solid Fuel Briquettes

2013 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Yee Sing ◽  
Mohd Shiraz Aris
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Burning fossil fuel like coal in power plants released carbon dioxide that had been absorbed millions of years ago. Unfortunately, excessive carbon dioxide emission had led to global warming. Malaysia, as one of the major exporters of palm oil, has abundant oil palm mill residues that could be converted into value-added product like biomass fuel briquettes. Fuel briquette with palm kernel shell and palm mesocarp fibre as its main ingredients showed satisfactory fuel characteristics and mechanical properties as a pure biomass fuel briquette. The effects of adding some coal of higher calorific value to the satisfactory biomass fuel briquette were focused in this study. Various coal-biomass fuel blends were used, ranging from 0wt% coal to 50wt% coal. The fuel properties and mechanical properties of pure biomass briquette and briquettes with different amount of coal added were compared experimentally. From the fuel properties tests, it was found that as the coal content in the briquette was increased, the carbon content and calorific value increased. Mechanical property tests on the fuel briquettes showed a mixture of results, with some favored higher portion of coal in the briquette for better handling, transport and storage properties while some favored greater amount of biomass.

scholarly journals Column Efficiency of Fluoride Removal Using Quaternized Palm Kernel Shell (QPKS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Haslija Abu Bakar ◽  
Luqman Chuah Abdullah ◽  
Nur Amirah Mohd Zahri ◽  
Ma’an Alkhatib
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Adsorption Models ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Fixed Bed Adsorption

In this research, the adsorption potential of quaternized palm kernel shell (QPKS) to remove F− from aqueous solution was investigated using fixed-bed adsorption column. Raw palm kernel shell waste was reacted with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHMAC) in order to modify the surface charge. The effects of inlet F− concentrations (2–12 mg/l) and QPKS bed height (2–10 cm) with optimum pH (pH = 3) on the breakthrough characteristics of the adsorption system were determined. In the fixed-bed column, breakthrough time increases with increasing bed height due to increasing amount of active site on adsorbents to adsorb the fluoride ion. Decreasing trend of breakthrough values was obtained with increasing initial fluoride concentration due to greater driving force for the transfer process to overcome the mass transfer resistance in the column. The adsorptions were fitted to three well-established fixed-bed adsorption models, namely, Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Adams–Bohart models. The results fitted well to the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models with correlation coefficient, R2 ≥ 0.96.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Production From Steam Gasification of Palm Kernel Shell Using Sequential Impregnation Bimetallic Catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Anita Ramli ◽  
Siti Eda Eliana Misi ◽  
Mas Fatiha Mohamad ◽  
Suzana Yusup
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Ni Catalysts ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Zeolite Β ◽  
Metal Addition

Zeolite β supported bimetallic Fe and Ni catalysts have been prepared using sequential impregnation method and calcined at temperatures between 500-700 ºC. The catalytic activity of these catalysts in a steam gasification of palm kernel shell was tested in a fixed-bed quartz micro-reactor at 700 ºC. Both Fe and Ni active metals present in FeNi/BEA and NiFe/BEA catalysts are corresponding to Fe2O3 and NiO. Different calcination temperatures and different sequence in metal addition have a significant effect to the catalytic activity where FeNi/BEA (700) shows the highest hydrogen produced than other catalysts.

scholarly journals Properties of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell via Microwave Irradiation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razi Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak ◽  
Nur Nasulhah Kasim ◽  
Khudzir Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

High Quality Solid Biofuel Briquette Production From Palm Oil Milling Solid Wastes

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd Halim Shamsuddin ◽  
Mohd Shahir Liew
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Malaysia has about 4.2 million hectares of oil palm plantation. The palm oil milling industry has over 400 mills throughout the country with total milling capacity of 82 million tonnes fresh fruit bunches, FFB, per year. In 2003, the amount of FFB processed was 67 million tonnes, which generated solid wastes in the forms of empty fruit bunches, EFB (19.43 million tonnes), mesocarp fibres (12.07 million tonnes) and palm kernel shell (4.89 million tonnes). These wastes has moisture content of 60–70% for EFB and mesocarp fibre, and 34–40% for palm kernel shell, and calorific value of 5.0 – 18.0 Mj/kg. A processing technology was developed to process these low quality biomass fuels into high quality solid biofuel briquettes with moisture content in the range 8–12%. Depending on the formulations and the sources of the raw biomass, the final solid biofuel briquettes can have calorific values in the range of 18–25 Mj/kg. The production of the solid biofuel briquettes would be an attractive financial advantage for full exploitation of biomass fuels. Logistic problems due to the disperse nature of the biomass resources would significantly be addressed.

Effect of particle size and temperature on gasification performance of coconut and palm kernel shells in downdraft fixed-bed reactor

Energy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 931-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zubair Yahaya ◽  
Mahendra Rao Somalu ◽  
Andanastuti Muchtar ◽  
Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman ◽  
Wan Ramli Wan Daud
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Downdraft Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

Bimetallic Fe-Ni/Zeolite β Catalysts for Hydrogen Generation from Steam Gasification of Palm Kernel Shell

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Anita Ramli ◽  
Siti Eda Eliana Misi ◽  
Mas Fatiha Mohamad ◽  
Suzana Yusup
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Zeolite Β

In this study, the potential usage of PKS as a direct source for hydrogen production is being explored in the presence of bimetallic Fe-Ni/Zeolite β (BEA) catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by co-impregnation method and calcined at temperatures between 500-700 oC to study the effect of calcination temperatures on the gas compositions from steam gasification of PKS. The textural properties and crystalline phase present were characterized using BET and X-Ray Diffraction. The catalysts were tested in steam gasification of PKS in a fixed-bed microreactor at 700 oC using 0.3 g catalyst and 0.9 g PKS. The steam to PKS ratio was 4:1 (vol) while steam to Ar ratio was 1:6 (vol.). The Fe-Ni/BEA catalysts possess lower surface area, higher pore volume and larger pore diameter as compared to the bare BEACalcination temperature is found to contribute to the crystallization of the prepared catalysts where high crystallization of Fe and Ni was observed in Fe-Ni/BEA (700) catalyst with the formation of NiO and NiFe2O4 phase. Fe-Ni/BEA (700) shows the highest composition of H2 gas produced with 76.32 vol% H2, 18.72 vol% CO2, 4.96 vol% CO and the absence of CH4. This shows that the steam gasification of PKS in the presence of Fe-Ni/BEA (700) has a potential to replace the commercial H2 production via methane reforming process.

Effects of temperature on the chemical composition of tars produced from the gasification of coconut and palm kernel shells using downdraft fixed-bed reactor

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 116910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zubair Yahaya ◽  
Mahendra Rao Somalu ◽  
Andanastuti Muchtar ◽  
Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman ◽  
Wan Ramli Wan Daud
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Downdraft Fixed Bed ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

scholarly journals Effect of Elaeis Guineensis Biomass Residues in the Production of Coal Pellets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
UCHE ONOCHIE ◽  
HENRY EGWARE ◽  
FRANCIS ONOROH
Keyword(s):  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Screw Press ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Proximate And Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Palm Fibre

Abstract In this study, the effect of elaeis guineensis in the production of pellets from coal was investigated. Coal and elaeis guineensis were collected and pulverised. A locally fabricated screw press machine was used to produce three types of pellets in the same ratio (i.e. 80C:20R) while the fourth pellet is100% coal. These pellets are: coal palm kernel shell (CPKS), coal palm fibre (CPF), coal empty fruit bunch (CEFB) as well as raw coal (C). Thereafter, the pellets were sundried and characterised base on ASTM Standards. These include the calorific value, proximate and ultimate analysis. From the results, it was observed that the calorific value of CPKS, CPF, CEFB and C were 28033.38 kJ/kg, 27695.4 kJ/kg, 27687.5 kJ/kg and 22021.99 kJ/kg respectively. The sulphur content of the pellets is 0.7%, 0.71%, 0.73% and 0.76% respectively. The results revealed that the 100% coal pellet has the lowest percentage CV and the highest percentage sulphur and ash content. Essentially, this study has been able to established that elaeis guineensis residues is a good energy source for enhancing the calorific value of coal and also has the tendency of reducing the sulphur and ash contents of coal especially the PKS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document