scholarly journals Green strength properties of waterjet abrasive waste as potential composition in green mould by Taguchi and ANOVA approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8529-8539
Author(s):  
NUR FARAH BAZILAH BINTI WAKHI ANUAR ◽  
M.L. Mohd Khusairi ◽  
R.M. Saad ◽  
S.A. Hassan ◽  
Z. Marjom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Sand Casting ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Green Sand ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Waterjet Cutting

The sand casting process still continues today due to the cost-effectiveness of materials and processes. There is a wide variety of castings related to composition and size, but silica sand is widely available from coastal line mining and has a negative impact on the environment. Moreover, waste from waterjet cutting of non-ferrous and ferrous metals is practically unhazardous and may potentially be used in sand casting mould. The aim of this paper is to optimize the proportion of coal dust, water and bentonite added to the silica sand mixture and the waterjet cutting abrasive waste as a new way of handling waste with the potential to be used in sand casting manufacturing. The method used was L9 orthogonal array optimization and the composition was qualitatively measured using a green compression strength test and a green shear strength test. Factors were evaluated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find the the critical factors while confirmation test was conducted for the optimal material proportion. The study concluded that the ideal ratio for silica sand mixture with waterjet abrasive waste is bentonite-12%, coal dust-5%, and water-7% for green compression strength while bentonite-12%, coal dust-6%, water-7% for green shear strength. With proper selection, the incorporation of waterjet abrasive waste into the green sand mixture is promising to potentially be used in green sand mould casting without undermine the quality of mould.

Testing for Green Compression Strength and Permeability Properties on the Tailing Sand Samples Gathered from Ex Tin Mines in Perak State, Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 859-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abdullah ◽  
Shamsuddin Sulaiman ◽  
B.T. Hang Tuah Baharudin ◽  
Mohd Khairol Anuar Ariffin ◽  
T.R. Vijayaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sand Casting ◽  
Green Sand ◽  
Molding Sand ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Work Samples ◽  
Optimum Working

Permeability and green compression strength are among the important mechanical properties and considered much in the sand casting mould preparation. These molding sand properties play a vital role in determining the optimum moisture content for making green sand casting mould. Tailing sand is the residue mineral from tin extraction, which contains between 94% and 99.5% silica and in abundance in Kinta Valley of state of Perak, Malaysia. In this research work, samples of tailing sands were gathered from four identified ex tin mines located at the Perak State, Malaysia. They were investigated by the standards and testing procedures prescribed by the American Foundrymen Society (AFS). Sand specimens of size Ø50 mm×50 mm in height from various sandwater ratios bonded with 4% clay were compacted on applying three ramming blows of 6666 g each by using a Ridsdale-Dietert metric standard rammer. The specimens were tested for green compression strength using Ridsdale-Dietert universal sand strength machine and permeability number with Ridsdale-Dietert permeability meter. Before the tests were conducted, the moisture content was measured using moisture analyzer. Samples with moisture content ranging from 3 to 3.5% were found to have optimum working range with effective green compression strength and permeability.

scholarly journals The Effect of Bentonite Clay on Green Compression Strength for Tailing Sands from Old Tin Mines in Perak State, Malaysia for Making Green Sand Casting Mould

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 769-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abdullah ◽  
Shamsuddin Sulaiman ◽  
B.T. Hang Tuah Baharudin ◽  
Mohd Khairol A. Arifin ◽  
T.R. Vijayaram
Keyword(s):  
Compression Strength ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Sand Casting ◽  
Green Sand ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Casting Quality ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Operating Instructions

Clay has an important role in making green sand casting mould beside water. Clay acts as binders, holding the sand grains together. Water is needed to activate the clay bond. Without the addition of water on clay, no strength would be achieved on sand mould, as the sand and clay would be just two dry materials. Bentonite clay was used in this study. Adequate clay content with suitable moisture in moulding sand is important for optimum strength and casting quality. Too little or too much clay will not give proper strength. Green compression strength is one of the mechanical properties to be considered for making green sand casting mould. The green compression strength of foundry sand is the maximum compressive strength that a mixture is capable of sustaining when prepared, rammed and tested according to standard procedure. For this study, test is conducted according to Foundry Sand Testing Equipment Operating Instructions from Ridsdale and Dietert. Result from this study indicates that tailing sand has potential for making green sand casting mould in term of green compression strength. Other factors that must be considered are permeability and shatter index.

scholarly journals MOLD PROPERTIES OF INDONESIA NATURE SAND AS GREEN SAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Yusup Hendronursito ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Kusno Isnugroho ◽  
David Candra Birawidha
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Green Sand ◽  
Ferrous Alloys

The mould properties of Juwono sand, were investigated. The samples were subjected to various physical and mechanical test. These include permeability, green compression strength, and chemical composition by XRF/ XRD analysis. Green shear strength, grain shape, water content, and clay content were also carried out on the samples. Juwono sand casting containing 32.76% clay and category in grade 212/75 of fine sub grades were found to posses adequate permeability, good strength and refractoriness suitable for casting of both ferrous and non ferrous alloys.

scholarly journals Application of Taguchi and Analysis Hierarcy Process Methods for Furan Design on Metal Casting Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.13) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Abdurrozzaq Hasibuan ◽  
Luthfi Parinduri ◽  
Oris Krianto Sulaiman ◽  
Sri Elviani ◽  
Mhd. Asaad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Metal Casting ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Parameter Setting ◽  
Casting Industry ◽  
High Level

In the preparation of furan the raw material used are, Silica Sand, Resin, and Catalyst. Some problem that occurs are high level of water, high level of sour, high level of clay, unsuitable distribution, and low permeability. All those problems above make the power of furan not suitable with the target that has been stated, so that furan can easily be broken, cracked, and do not stand with high temperature and its power becomes weak. The result of this research is that the optimal combination based on the highest TOPSIS score is A1 B2 C3 with the composition of Resin 1.3%, Catalyst 22.5% and new sand 15% + reclaim sand 85%. The coefficient of loss function compression strength is 4.611,11 and 10.375 for the shear strength. The raising quality based on the confirmation experiment is 0.1018 for the compression strength and 0.2339 for the shear strength. The value of S/N in the confirmation experiment for the compression strength is 20.5817 and 23.0480, in which both numbers are in the trust interval limitation that has been decided. It shows that TOPSIS procedure is able to increase furan quality for both responses, that is compression strength response, and shear strength response all at once in one parameter setting.  

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Tin Tailing Sand-Clay Mixture from Batu Gajah, Perak, Malaysia for Making Greensand Casting Mould

2013 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Abdullah ◽  
S. Sulaiman ◽  
B.T.H.T. Baharudin ◽  
M.K.A. Ariffin ◽  
N. Haliza
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sand Casting ◽  
Green Sand ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Cylindrical Test

Tailing sand from ex-tin mine in Batu Gajah containing between 95.9 to 98.9% silica. In this research involved the process of, conducting the mechanical sieve grading to identify the size spread, plotting the grain size distribution and calculating the average grain size. Further on with the effects of controlled additions of clay (bentonite) and water and determining the working range on the mechanical properties. The investigation involved comparing the mechanical properties of the tailing sand to the requirement for foundry sand applications listed by Foseco Ferrous Foundrymans Handbook (Foseco). Permeability and green compression strength are the important mechanical properties and considered much in the sand casting mould preparation. These mechanical properties play a vital role in determining the allowable clay and moisture content for working range of tailing sand for making green sand casting mould. Experiments for this investigation were conducted according to American Foundrymen Society (AFS) standard of procedures. Cylindrical test pieces dimensioning of Ø50 mm×50 mm in height from various sandwater ratios bonded with 3.8%wt clay and then 7.4%wt clay, were compacted by applying three ramming blows of 6666 g each using Ridsdale-Dietert metric standard rammer. The specimens were tested for green compression strength using Ridsdale-Dietert universal sand strength machine and permeability number with Ridsdale-Dietert permeability meter. Before the tests were conducted, the moisture content was measured using moisture analyser. Tailing sand with allowable moisture content ranging from 3 to 3.5% (bonded with 3.8%wt clay) and 5.5 to 6% (bonded with 7.4%wt clay) were found to have optimum working range with effective green compression strength and permeability.

scholarly journals Effect of green sand mixture with dextrin additives on mechanical properties of aluminum 6351

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Kingsley Okechukwu Ikebudu ◽  
Swift Kenneth Onyegirim ◽  
Philip Ifchukwu Udeorah
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Organic Additive ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Green Sand ◽  
Molding Sand ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Custom Design ◽  
Response Output

Quality of cast produced from green sand mold is been influenced by mold properties which includes green compression strength, permeability, etc. In this work the green sand used for casting of aluminum 6351 alloy specimens were made by mixing in varied percentage proportions; bentonite clay, dextrin additive and moisture content with local silica sand considering the need for most effective proportions of these mixtures to enhance green sand production of aluminum 6351 alloy products. A 3 factor, 3 level (33) design of experiment (DOE) was made for this research work using Optimal (custom) design of Design-Expert 10 software which gave 20 runs. Cylindrical specimens for green sand test were prepared according to standard per run. This was in order to study effects of bentonite clay, dextrin additive and moisture content of the green molding sand used for casting per mold this aluminum 6351 alloy. Prepared sand specimens were individually subjected to basic sand test like green sand strength and permeability test and also cast specimens per mold achieved were subjected to mechanical property test to achieve results which become the Response output of the study. These experimental results were optimized for the purpose of achieving most effective proportions of the mixtures to give effective results and from the optimal validation values, 5% water content, 12% bentonite and 8.85182% dextrin organic additive was found to be the optimized solution that gave the most effective hardness at (40.4GSS and 112PN) while 3% water, 12% bentonite clay and 9% dextrin additive gave most effective toughness at (41.9GSS and 96.10PN).

Direct shear strength test on rocks along discontinuities, under laboratory conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildikó Buocz ◽  
Nikoletta Rozgonyi-Boissinot ◽  
Ákos Török ◽  
Péter Görög
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Direct Shear ◽  
Shear Strength Test ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

ALUMINUM 212

Alloy Digest ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Sand Casting ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Aluminum Company ◽  
Aluminum Base

Abstract Aluminum 212 is a copper, silicon, aluminum-base sand casting alloy having good machinability and good castability. It is recommended for general machinery and utility castings. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-153. Producer or source: Aluminum Company of America.

ALUFONT-3

Alloy Digest ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Sand Casting ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract ALUFONT-3 is a heat treatable aluminum sand casting alloy having good machinability with fair castability. It is a high strength casting alloy. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-40. Producer or source: Aluminium Industrie Atkiengesellschaft.

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