scholarly journals Językowe oraz pozawerbalne wyróżniki XIX-wiecznego savoir-vivre’u i rozmów salonowych w opowiadaniu Stefanii Ulanowskiej Babie lato

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Rank 2 ◽  
Asymmetrical Setup ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article discusses linguistic and non-verbal features of 19th-century savoir-ivre. Babie lato [Indian Summer] by Stefania Ulanowska (1839–?), the source text under scrutiny, is a 21-page short story, which has most probably never come out in print. There are four conversation situations in the text: 1) a symmetrical setup (the interlocutors have equal social status and comparable pragmatic rank), 2) a symmetrical setup with asymmetrical features, related to the conversation between a man and a woman, 3) a less distanced asymmetrical setup, where the participants of the conversation are the mother and children, 4) a full asymmetric setup, in which the mistress of the house addresses the maid. The short story moreover features non-verbal etiquette features, such as a man tipping over his hat when he sees a woman and a man kissing a woman’s hand. The characteristics of etiquette observed in Babie lato are a supplement to the deliberations on savoir-vivre in the 19th century and confirm the changes that took place at that time in terms of courtesy in comparison with the old Polish period. They are also a testimony to the old culture of the nobility, transferred to bourgeoisie houses.

The Short Story: A Very Short Introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Popular Fiction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The Press ◽  
Character Study ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Plot Design

The Short Story: A Very Short Introduction charts the rise of the short story from its original appearance in magazines and newspapers. For much of the 19th century, tales were written for the press, and the form’s history is marked by engagement with popular fiction. The short story then earned a reputation for its skilful use of plot design and character study distinct from the novel. This VSI considers the continuity and variation in key structures and techniques such as the beginning, the creation of voice, the ironic turn or plot twist, and how writers manage endings. Throughout, it draws on examples from an international and flourishing corpus of work.

British Detective Fiction in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Humpherys
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Detective Fiction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Auguste Dupin ◽  
Agatha Christie ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Critical Interest

From ancient Greece on, fictional narratives have entailed deciphering mystery. Sophocles’ Oedipus must solve the mystery of the plague decimating Thebes; the play is a dramatization of how he ultimately “detects” the culprit responsible for the plague, who turns out to be Oedipus himself. In the Poetics, Aristotle defines a successful plot as one that has a conflict (which can include, and often does include, a “mystery”) that rises to a climax, followed by a resolution of the conflict, a plot line that describes not only Oedipus Rex but also every Sherlock Holmes story. A particular genre of mystery writing is defined by the mystery at the center of the story that is crucially, definitively solved by a particular person known as a detective, either private or police, who by ratiocination (close observation coupled with logical patterns of thought based on material evidence) uncovers and sorts out the relevant facts essential to a determination of who did the crime and how and why. The form of detective fiction throughout most of the 19th century was the short story published in various periodicals of the period. A few longer detective fictions were published as separate books in the 19th century, but book-length detective fiction, such as that by Agatha Christie, was really a product of the 20th century. Most critics of detective fiction see the beginning of the genre in the three stories of Edgar Allan Poe which feature his amateur detective, Auguste Dupin, and were published in the 1840s. Although Poe’s 1840s stories as well as Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes stories, which first appeared in the 1880s, are probably the most well known of 19th-century detective fictions, a number of other writers of generically recognizable detective fiction published stories in the almost fifty years between Poe and Conan Doyle, including a number that featured female detectives. Finally, from the 1890s into the early 20th century, a plethora of new detective fictions, still in short-story form for the most part, appeared not only in Britain but also in France and the United States. Detective fiction has always been popular, but serious critical interest in the genre only developed in the 20th century. In the second half of that century, this critical interest expanded into the academic world. The popularity of the genre has only continued to grow. Both detective fictions (now nearly all novel length) and critical interest in the genre from a variety of perspectives are now an international phenomenon, and detective novels dominate many best-seller lists.

Features of the Social Status of the Rayats in the Kaitag Domain of Dagestan in the Middle of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
T.Ch. Dzhabaeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article considers the dependent social categories of the population that existed in the mountainous possessions of Middle and Southern Dagestan in the middle of the 19th century, but occupied an unequal property and legal position in the system of productive forces. This was a consequence of their different origins and features of natural and geographical conditions. Even within individual feudal domains, the rayats of different villages served different duties. The range and volume of duties of the rayats to their feudal lords was quite extensive and voluminous. This was especially evident in the Kaitag domain of Dagestan, where their position in terms of exploitation brought them closer to the serfs of Russia. However, with all the duties performed by the rayats in relation to the becks, they could not be called serfs. The article examines the categories of the dependent class of rayats in the Lower Kaitag, the sources of their formation, and various levels of feudal dependence. On the basis of archival material, all types of duties of the Lower Kaitag rayats are analyzed, however, despite their severity, there are signs of a lack of complete enslavement of this social category.

scholarly journals Anti-transcendentalism and dark romanticism in Poe's "The Masque of the Red Death"

Entrelinhas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-106
Author(s):  
Sofia Lopes
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
The 19Th Century

This review seeks to analyse the short story “The Masque of the Red Death”, by Edgar Allan Poe, and to study its connection to the anti-transcendentalist and dark romantic movements. Through an examination of the literary aspects contained in the story, this work aims to inspect Poe's writing style, notedly marked by a bold approach of the themes of death, mourning and decay, and to compare his aesthetic decisions - such as the strong symbolic streak, the reliance on colour and architecture and the artistic depiction of death - to the chief tenets that influenced anti-transcendentalist writers over the 19th century.

scholarly journals Germanic Nominations of British Titles and Their Functioning in the 19th Century Fiction Texts

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Galina Bezkorovaynaya
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
High Social Status ◽  
Class Representative ◽  
Shared Character

The article concerns identification of semantic potential of lexical units with a Germanic origin joined into thematic group "English titles of nobility", and actualization of their meanings in the literary texts of the 19 th century. The sources of language material were the works of early Victorian period writers. The undertaken semantic and functional analysis of lexemes earl, knight, lord / lady enabled the author to conclude that when they indicate social status of the character depicted in the work of art or are used as an etiquette form of address, they implement direct meaning. It has been noted that alongside with lord / lady, the French loanwords sir / madame are used as forms of polite address in dialogues between the characters. The lexemes-titles can function in figurative meaning, i.e. knight maybe used to indicate valour as one of the main qualities of a noble person of high social status, Lord is used to denote the Creator, lady – to speak about any woman, as well as a wife, a mistress. The analysis of the data obtained resulted in deduction that in literary texts of the 19 th century the meanings of lexemes-titles, comprising thematic group English Nobility Titles, can express the following: the noble origin in the name of a person, a polite form of address in communication, nomination of a social status as well as some commonly shared character traits inherent to an aristocratic class representative; nomination of people in accordance with a family status or gender.

Falling birth rate in the capitalist countries of Western Europe

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 520-523
Author(s):  
F. G. Mukhamedyarov
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
The Social ◽  
Maternal Function ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Status Of Women

The beginning of a sharp decline in the birth rate in Europe dates back to the last quarter of the 19th century, the period of the heyday of capitalism, when the exploitation of the working class takes on the most refined forms, the contradiction between the social status of women and her maternal function appears sharper and brighter.

scholarly journals L’invention de l’enfance : modalités institutionnelles et support idéologique

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-97
Author(s):  
Danielle Laberge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Reform School ◽  
The 19Th Century

Today's social status of children is the result of social, economic and cultural changes that have characterized western societies all through the 19th century. The establishment of this particular status came during a movement of general differentiation that affects all the practices of delinquents. The present analysis solely concerns the United States and in particular examines the emergence of three institutions intended exclusively for child care : reform school or refuge, family placement and compulsory school attendance.

scholarly journals براہوئی افسانہ مسافر؛ نا فنی او تنقیدی جاچ اس

Al-Burz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Muneer Ahmed Hanfi
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Contemporary Fiction ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Literary Magazine ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 19th century, Haibat Khan crafted "Musaafir" the premier fiction, a historical short story in the Brahui language and it was published in the year 1957, in the monthly literary magazine Nawaiy-e-Watan. The author employed content analysis, a branch of descriptive research to critically review fiction writing techniques, in comparison with the modern day fictions.  The investigation revealed that the ‘Musaafir’ is a masterpiece of literary work in Brahui language, which focuses the portrayal of nature, characterizations, narration skills, theme and plot development, dialog formation, thought process, description of events and climax based fictitious short story. This study represents the culture of the society in Balochistan, and also reflects the writers’ insight of fiction drafting skills in line with contemporary fiction writing techniques

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