scholarly journals Social Loss Corruption Cases in Indonesia: How Should the Corruptors Punished?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Suci Nabila
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Death Sentence ◽  
Social Loss ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Way

Corruption is a serious problem that occurs in a country including Indonesia. Corruption is a problem that has a very big impact on the country and causes a lot of losses that its handling has not been taken seriously. This crime is very difficult to eradicate, because it is usually carried out in a systematic way and involves the authorities or people who hold economic and political power. In various countries the way to punish perpetrators of corruption is very diverse. In Indonesia alone the punishment used is a sentence of imprisonment. But the sentence of confinement in Indonesia is considered to have a deterrent effect. It is appropriate for a corruptor to be given severe sanctions and give a deterrent effect, one of which is a death sentence. But in Indonesia there are pros and cons regarding this death sentence.

Questioning territories and identities in the precolonial (nineteenth-century) Lake Kivu region

Africa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-515
Author(s):  
Gillian Mathys
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Lake Kivu ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

AbstractThroughout Africa, contemporary boundaries are deemed ‘artificial’ because they were external impositions breaking apart supposedly homogeneous ethnic units. This article argues that the problem with the colonial borders was not only that they arbitrarily dissected African societies with European interests in mind, but also that they profoundly changed the way in which territoriality and authority functioned in this region, and therefore they affected identity. The presumption that territories could be constructed in which ‘culture’ and ‘political power’ neatly coincided was influenced by European ideas about space and identity, and privileged the perceptions and territorial claims of those ruling the most powerful centres in the nineteenth century. Thus, this article questions assumptions that continue to influence contemporary views of the Lake Kivu region. It shows that local understandings of the relationship between space and identity differed fundamentally from state-centred perspectives, whether in precolonial centralized states or colonial states.

Visualising global currents of international students between 1999 and 2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110551
Author(s):  
Hengyu Gu ◽  
Zhibin Xu ◽  
Jiansong Zheng ◽  
Tiyan Shen
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Chord Diagram ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Way

The flows of international students are like the currents of the oceans, not only affecting the individuals adrift in them but the global circulation of policy, economics and academics as a whole, bearing pros and cons for each country or region along the way. To date, there has not been a detailed and elaborate description of the fluxes of international students over decades. In light of the research gap, the article utilises the chord diagram to draw threads between each pair of origin and destination of international students in the last 20 years and divides the periods into four main phases. With each phase exhibiting its specific features, we have tentatively concluded that the global student mobility structure has evolved from Arterial (1999–2003), Breakthrough (2004–2008) to Catch-Up (2009–2013), and lastly, Diversification (2014–2018). Corresponding reasons underpinning each change of the migration flows are also discussed briefly in the article.

Authorizing Judgment

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas John Casson
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Abstract Theory ◽  
Natural Right ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Tangible Support ◽  
Heuristic Device ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

This chapter illustrates how Locke's Second Treatise can be read as a revolutionary call for subjects to employ this new notion of probable judgment. In order to teach his readers to be active, critical, and even revolutionary members of the polity, Locke sets out to convince them not only that they are capable of making crucial determinations concerning the limits of political power, but also that they are obligated to do so. His account of the state of nature is not simply a heuristic device illustrating an abstract theory of government, but an attempt to provide tangible support to his contention that individuals have a natural right of judgment. Along the way he seeks to guide his readers in the proper exercise of this capacity by showing them the reasonableness of limiting their judgment to the concrete, visceral experiences of neediness and injury.

“How Nice That I Could Love Someone”: Science Fiction Film as a Virtual Laboratory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederieke Y. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Virtual Laboratory ◽  
Virtual Laboratories ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Way

While we already know that clearly utopian or dystopian depictions of human-machine relationships in science fiction film can be effective rhetorical models that shape our ideas of HRI, this paper argues that sci-fi films, like Marjorie Prime (2017) and Be Right Back (2013), can also function as more neutral virtual laboratories that allow viewers to actively explore the pros and cons of those relationships in more detail. This paper specifically explores both Marjorie Prime and Be Right Back for the way they evoke questions or ideas about what it means to be human, what it means to interact with AI, and what a meaningful relationship between these two can bring. By following a neoformalist analysis, I will show how these cases continuously present us with devices that force us to reassess the role of robots in our lives. They do this by using deceptive, reflective, and confrontational strategies within characters, cinematography, narrative structure and setting.

scholarly journals Die Afrikaanse prosa, 1918 - 1926: brandpunt van die geboorte van ’n nuwe bewussyn

Literator ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. John
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Political Power ◽  
African Literature ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
South African Literature ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Massive Intervention ◽  
The Way

This study looks at a selection of Afrikaans prose texts from the period 1918 to 1926 in an attempt to establish a relation between the rapid industrialisation which South Africa was being subjected to and the literature produced during this time. Georg Lukács’ argument that "nature is a social category" is used to show that a preoccupation with certain desires and emotions with which these texts are marked is an indication that a massive intervention into ‘nature’, in the form of the emotional lives of especially white Afrikaans workers, was either on the way or being proposed through the medium of literature during this time. This intervention is seen as part of an attempt by the white Afrikaans ruling class to draw Afrikaans workers into its fold in its struggle for political power. A contiguous concern of the study is to propose this kind of approach as a basis for the study of South African literature as a whole.

scholarly journals Determining efficiency of cycloid reducers using different calculation methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Milos Matejic ◽  
Mirko Blagojevic ◽  
Ileana Ioana Cofaru ◽  
Nenad Kostic ◽  
Nenad Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Gear Trains ◽  
Central Gear ◽  
The Way

Cycloid reducers are gear trains which can be classified as planetary transmissions. These transmissions have a very wide range of uses in industry in transporters, robots, satellites, etc. This research presents a comparative analysis of three analytical methods for determining cycloid drive efficiency. The paper explores every mathematically formulated method and compares them to experimental results from literature. The presented methods for determining efficiency have a common property, in that they all determine losses due to friction on the bearing cam surface of the shaft, the rollers of the central gear and the output rollers. The calculation of efficiency values is done for standard power values. The methods differ primarily in the way they calculate losses. For each method of calculating efficiency there is an analysis of pros and cons. The paper concludes with suggestions as well as possible directions for further research.

Individual Sanctions of Competition Law: A Comparison between the UK and Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-171
Author(s):  
Samet Caliskan ◽  
Saliha Oner
Keyword(s):  
Competition Law ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

It is a highly advocated view that a competition law with sanctions targeting individuals would achieve a greater deterrent impact than one that does not. Having introduced individual sanctions does not, however, guarantee that a market would have less anticompetitive conduct, because these sanctions are effective only insofar as they are severely implemented on wrongdoing individuals. UK competition law is one example of this issue because cases where individuals have been targeted and punished are significantly fewer than the authorities expected, in spite of it being more than 15 years since individual sanctions were introduced amidst high expectations. This article examines the individual sanctions of competition law in the UK and Turkey. It argues that Turkey is on the right path by departing from the way in which EU law enforces the rules of competition law, and is moving closer to UK law. However, it is argued that further steps should be cautiously considered to avoid the same issues which UK competition law is currently experiencing, as there are serious doubts that the latter has achieved the desired deterrent effect.

Subtle Tyranny

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 90-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemer E. Narchi ◽  
Beatriz Canabal Cristiani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Traditional Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
The Way

Neoliberal reforms and social constructs that legitimate the full exploitation of nature intersect with political power to produce an inherently violent social atmosphere in which economic development is based on exclusion, submission, and dispossession of rural and indigenous communities. Historical ecological study of Lake Xochimilco reveals the way in which imposed constructs of nature that exclude traditional ecological knowledge have transformed landscapes and livelihoods to the detriment of all the inhabitants of Mexico City. Las reformas neoliberales y las construcciones sociales que legitiman la explotación plena de la naturaleza se cruzan con el poder político para crear un ambiente social inhe-rentemente violento en el cual el desarrollo económico se basa en la exclusión, el sometimiento y el despojo de las comunidades rurales e indígenas. El estudio histórico de la ecología del Lago de Xochimilco revela la manera en que las construcciones de la naturaleza impuestas que excluyen el conocimiento ecológico tradicional han transformado el paisaje y los medios de subsistencia en detrimento de todos los habitantes de la Ciudad de México.

Andalusi Spolia in Medieval Morocco: “Architectural Politics, Political Architecture”

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Rosser-Owen
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Physical Sense ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

Abstract Traditionally, art historians have viewed the art of medieval Morocco through the lens of Islamic Iberia, which is regarded as the culturally superior center and model for the region. However, more recent studies are beginning to show that, rather than Moroccan patrons and artisans passively absorbing an Andalusi model, the rulers of the Almoravid and Almohad regimes were adopting aspects of this model in very deliberate ways. These studies suggest that Andalusi works of art were part of a conscious appropriation of styles as well as material in a very physical sense, which were imbued by the Moroccan dynasties with a significance relating to the legitimacy of their rule. This paper focuses on the way in which Andalusi architectural and other, mainly marble, material was deployed in Moroccan architecture in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Rather than reusing locally available material, this monumental (and extremely heavy) material was gathered in al-Andalus, at the ruined monuments of the Andalusi Umayyad caliphs, and transported over great distances to the imperial capitals at Fez and Marrakesh. Here this Umayyad spolia was deployed in key locations in the mosques and palaces constructed as the architectural manifestations of the Almoravids’ and Almohads’ new political power. Most frequently, this spolia consisted of marble capitals in the distinctive, dynastic style developed by the Andalusi caliphs for their palace at Madīnat al-Zaḥrāʾ. But together with other Andalusi imports, such as the magnificent minbars made in Córdoba for the Qarawiyyīn mosque and Almoravid mosque at Marrakesh, these physical symbols of al-Andalus in Morocco conveyed a clear message that the Almoravids and, later, the Almohads had taken up the mantle of rule in the Islamic West.

Comparative Criminal Law: An Economic Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
The Political ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Social Loss ◽  
Central Planner ◽  
Democratic Systems

AbstractThis paper develops an economic model to explain how societies make decisions about criminal law based on efficiency. The scope of criminal law depends on activities considered harmless or harmful. Besides different scope of criminal law, different societies can also have different punishments for certain kinds of crimes. This divergence stems from the relative importance of factors that societies consider in optimizing social loss from criminal activities. These factors are: the harmfulness of the crime, retributive or regretful emotions towards offenders or what is called “humanity of punishment” and the deterrent effect of certain punishments. Different attitudes towards these aspects lead to differences in criminal law. Once sources of divergence have been identified, the key question is who decides the above features? The answer depends crucially on the political constitution of the society. In authoritarian systems, the central planner formulates the criminal law; in democratic systems “public opinion” can have different degrees of influence. The most common style in forming criminal justice policies in advanced democracies is “insulated delegation” or “professionalization of punishment,” in the hands of the academic elite.

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