ABSENCE OF COMPENSATORY OVARIAN HYPERTROPHY IN RATS WITH ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béla Flerkó ◽  
Vera Bárdos
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Unilateral Ovariectomy ◽  
Hypothalamic Lesions ◽  
Oestrogen Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Absence of compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in »constant oestrus rats« from lesions in the anterior hypothalamic area suggests that nervous elements localized in this region play an essential role in the stimulation of gonadotrophin output by diminution of the blood oestrogen level. The constant vaginal oestrus after unilateral ovariectomy in the majority of animals was, however, repeatedly interrupted by vaginal smears of a dioestrous type. The appearance of a dioestrous vaginal smear in the »hypothalamic constant oestrus rats« is often associated with some luteinisation. It is assumed that diminution of the blood oestrogen level by reduction of ovarian tissue in these animals may bring about a release of LH sufficient to cause formation of corpora lutea.

FOLLICULAR AND LUTEAL FUNCTION IN THE PUBERAL RAT: GONADOTROPHIC HORMONE STIMULATION AND ENZYMIC-NUCLEOTIDE INTERACTIONS

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoAnne S. (Hunter) Richards
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Nucleotide Interactions ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Follicular Activity

ABSTRACT Using the puberal rat and the PMS-treated rat as animal systems, ovarian events associated with follicular and luteal development have been characterized by measuring gonadotrophic hormone (LH, FSH and prolactin) and progesterone concentrations in peripheral serum; and selected enzymic (NAD-kinase:NAD-K and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: G6PD) activities and nucleotide (NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH, ATP) concentrations in ovarian tissue. In the puberal rat, the period of follicular development was characterized by increased ovarian NAD-K SA, NAD and NADH concentrations and decreased ATP and NADP concentrations. The first pro-oestrus was characterized by greatly elevated LH, FSH, prolactin and progesterone concentrations, significant decreases in ovarian NAD-K SA, NAD, NADP and ATP concentrations, and an increase in NADPH concentrations. The development of new corpora lutea was associated with striking increases in ovarian NAD-K SA and G6PD SA. Increased activity of both enzymes exhibited a significant positive coefficient of correlation with the number of corpora lutea contained within the ovarian tissue. PMS (4 IU) stimulation of follicular activity resulted in events leading to the induction of an endogenous LH surge and ovulation. Associated with increased follicular activity was increased ovarian NAD-K SA. In contrast to the puberal rat, no rise in progesterone concentrations was associated with the LH surge or the formation of corpora lutea.

Ovarian remnant syndrome: revascularization of free-floating ovarian tissue in the feline abdominal cavity

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA DeNardo ◽  
K Becker ◽  
NO Brown ◽  
S Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Vaginal Cytology ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Stimulation Of

Nine, healthy, intact female domestic shorthair cats were ovariohysterectomized. At the time of surgery and following removal, the major portion of one ovary was loosely sutured to the mesentery and replaced in the abdominal cavity. Six months later, an abdominal laparotomy was performed in order to retrieve the ovarian remnants. Histopathological examination of the remnants showed viable tissue and evidence of ovarian follicles or corpora lutea in eight of nine (88.9%) cats. The ninth ovarian remnant was atrophied and fibrotic. Measurement of serum estradiol and progesterone, vaginal cytology, and stimulation of estrus and ovulation with a protocol using pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were unreliable indicators of ovarian activity in this study. Revitalization of an ovarian remnant was shown to occur in the absence of surgical implantation.

THE VAGINAL SMEAR OF SENILE LABORATORY RATS

1959 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. INGRAM
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Epithelium ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Unilateral Ovariectomy ◽  
Laboratory Rats

SUMMARY Rats aged 17 months or more did not undergo regular oestrous cycles during a period of 12 weeks when daily vaginal smears were taken. Vaginal cornification occurred at irregular intervals in most of the animals. Its incidence decreased following unilateral ovariectomy and temporarily increased following injections of gonadotrophin. Acceptance of the male was rare and spasmodic and could not be correlated consistently with the presence of cornified cells in the vaginal smears. Compensatory ovarian hypertrophy after unilateral ovariectomy occurred in all senile animals examined. The response of the vaginal epithelium to oestrogen did not appear to be less in senile than in young animals.

LUTEINISATION INDUCED IN »CONSTANT OESTRUS RATS« BY LOWERING OESTROGEN PRODUCTION

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béla Flerkó ◽  
Vera Bárdos
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Reciprocal Relation ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Renal Capsule ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Optic Chiasma ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei ◽  
Oestrogen Level ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions

ABSTRACT In albino rats with bilaterally placed electrolytic lesions between the optic chiasma and paraventricular nuclei and in constant vaginal oestrus with no corpora lutea in the ovaries, luteinisation could be induced (1) by unilateral ovariectomy and hemiresection of the other; (2) by grafting half of one ovary after bilateral ovariectomy into the renal capsule or (3) into the spleen. While under the experimental conditions (1) and (2) the degree of luteinisation was found to be in a reciprocal relation to the amount of the remaining or grafted ovarian tissue, intrasplenic ovarian grafts (3) always contained a large number of corpora lutea. Formation of corpora lutea could accordingly be induced in rats with constant vaginal oestrus due to hypothalamic lesions by decreasing the oestrogen level in the blood. Luteinisation was most pronounced in the intrasplenic grafted animals in which a reduction of the oestrogen producing tissue had been combined with a practically quantitative oestrogen inactivation by the liver.

ANDROST-5-ENE-3β,17β-DIOL IN OVARY OF POST-MENOPAUSAL HYPEROESTROGENIC WOMEN

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pesonen ◽  
M. Ikonen ◽  
B-J. Procopé ◽  
A. Saure
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Post Menopause ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT The ovaries of ten patients, at least one year after the post-menopause, were incubated with two Δ5-C19-steroids and also studied histochemically. All these patients had post-menopausal uterine bleeding and increased oestrogen excretion of the urine. The urinary estimations of gonadotrophins, 17-KS, 17-OHCS and pregnanediol were carried out on all patients. Vaginal smears were read according to Papanicolaou, and the endometrium and ovaries were studied histologically. The incubation experiments indicate the presence of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase. When androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol was used as precursor the formation of testosterone occurred without any concomitant production of DHA and/or androstenedione. This seems to indicate the possible role of the Δ5-pathway in the formation of testosterone by post-menopausal ovarian tissue. The histochemical reactions indicated a reducing activity on NADH, lactate and glucose-6-phosphate, in certain corpora albicantia, atretic follicles and in diffuse thecoma regions in the cortical layer of the ovary. Steroid-3β-ol-dehydrogenase and β-hydroxybutyrate-dehydrogenase were found only at the edges of certain corpora albicantia, in some individual stroma cell groups and in some atretic follicles. Our studies, both biochemical and histochemical, suggest that the observed increase in the urinary oestrogens of the patients studied might in part at least, be of ovarian origin. This opinion is also supported by the postoperative oestrogen values.

scholarly journals Involvement of MCH-oxytocin neural relay within the hypothalamus in murine nursing behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Kato ◽  
Harumi Katsumata ◽  
Ayumu Inutsuka ◽  
Akihiro Yamanaka ◽  
Tatsushi Onaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractMultiple sequential actions, performed during parental behaviors, are essential elements of reproduction in mammalian species. We showed that neurons expressing melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) are more active in rodents of both sexes when exhibiting parental nursing behavior. Genetic ablation of the LHA-MCH neurons impaired maternal nursing. The post-birth survival rate was lower in pups born to female mice with congenitally ablated MCH neurons under control of tet-off system, exhibiting reduced crouching behavior. Virgin female and male mice with ablated MCH neurons were less interested in pups and maternal care. Chemogenetic and optogenetic stimulation of LHA-MCH neurons induced parental nursing in virgin female and male mice. LHA-MCH GABAergic neurons project fibres to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) neurons. Optogenetic stimulation of PVN induces nursing crouching behavior along with increasing plasma oxytocin levels. The hypothalamic MCH neural relays play important functional roles in parental nursing behavior in female and male mice.

OVULATORY DISCHARGE OF GONADOTROPHINS INDUCED BY HYPOTHALAMIC STIMULATION IN CASTRATED MALE RATS BEARING A TRANSPLANTED OVARY

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Moll ◽  
G. H. Zeilmaker
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Hypothalamic Stimulation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Cumulus Oophorus ◽  
Dc Current ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Castrated young adult inbred male rats bearing ovarian transplants were subjected to electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus. This was done in order to investigate whether discharge of ovulatory amounts of gonadotrophins could be induced in such male animals by this procedure. Bilateral stimulations with unipolar electrodes and a DC current of 1.5 mA applied during 10 seconds induced in the ovarian grafts histological changes indicating the discharge of ovulatory amounts of gonadotrophins. In animals killed one day after stimulation these changes consisted of displacement of the ova towards the centre of the follicles with loosening of the cumulus oophorus. In one animal the ova had left the follicles. In animals killed three days after stimulation numerous young corpora lutea could be observed. These results were obtained with electrode tips either close to the median eminence, or in the preoptic area. Shamstimulations were ineffective. Some of the experimental animals received progesterone pretreatment. This rendered the stimulations ineffective, if continued until the day preceding stimulation, but seemed without effect on the results of stimulation, if two or three days without progesterone preceded the stimulations.

scholarly journals Effects of increased ambient temperature and supplemental altrenogest prior to pregnancy establishment in gilts

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R Romoser ◽  
Katie L Bidne ◽  
Lance H Baumgard ◽  
Aileen F Keating ◽  
Jason W Ross
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Uterine Flushing

Abstract Heat stress (HS) mitigation strategies are critically needed to combat the substantial economic effects on animal agriculture. The manifestations of seasonal infertility include delayed puberty onset, reduced conception rates, decreased litter size, and increased wean to estrus interval. To assess the effects of HS during early gestation and evaluate a benefit of supplemental altrenogest (ALT) as a mitigation strategy, thirty crossbred post-pubertal gilts (157 ± 11 kg) were subjected to estrous synchronization via 14 d oral administration of ALT. Artificial insemination during estrus was performed and gilts were then placed into one of four treatment groups; heat stress (HS; 35 ± 1 οC for 12h/31.60 ± 1 οC for 12h) with (HSALT, n = 7) or without (HSCON, n = 7) 15 mg/d ALT supplementation or thermal neutral (TN; 20 ± 1 οC) conditions with (TNALT, n = 8) or without (TNCON, n = 8) 15 mg/d ALT supplementation until 12 d post-estrus (dpe). Administrating ALT occurred at 0600 h from 3-12 dpe and rectal temperatures (TR) and respiration rates (RR) were recorded. Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture on 0, 4, 8 and 12 dpe. Gilts were euthanized humanely at 12 dpe followed by collection of ovarian tissue, and uterine flushing for conceptus collection. In HS compared to TN gilts, RR and TR were increased (P < 0.01) but unaffected by ALT supplementation. Feed intake (FI) was reduced (P < 0.01) by HS but unaltered by ALT treatment. Corpora lutea (CL) weight was reduced (P < 0.01) in HSCON gilts when compared to TNCON and HSALT gilts despite progesterone (P4) concentrations in serum and luteal tissue not being affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.10). CL diameter was reduced (P ≤ 0.05) in HSALT gilts compared to other treatments. Interleukin-1β (IL1B) uterine flush concentration was not affected (P > 0.20) by environment or ALT supplementation, although moderate (P = 0.06) interaction between environment and ALT existed, as IL1B concentration in TNALT was increased (P = 0.03) compared to TNCON gilts. While environment did not affect conceptus development (P = 0.90), ALT supplementation advanced conceptus elongation (P < 0.01). Collectively, these data demonstrate that HS may affect luteal development prior to pregnancy establishment, and ALT increases conceptus elongation by12 dpe.

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