EFFECTS OF LONG TERM ADMINISTRATION OF GLUCAGON ON THE PANCREATIC ISLET TISSUE OF RATS AND GUINEA-PIGS

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birger Petersson ◽  
Bo Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
The Body ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Number Ratio ◽  
Islet Volume ◽  
Term Administration

ABSTRACT Rats and guinea-pigs were injected every eight hours with crystalline glucagon (0.3–0.6 mg/kg) and killed after different periods of treatment up to 30 days. Immature animals (glucagon treatment commenced on the second postnatal day) were also included among the rats investigated. While the immature glucagon treated rats grew almost as well as their litter mate controls, there was a marked reduction of the body and adrenal weights, when the injections were started at a more adult age. In the latter rats the total islet volume was significantly reduced and the A1/A2 cell number ratio increased from 0.24 ± 0.02 to 0.32 ± 0.02. In the guinea-pigs the glucagon treatment resulted in a considerable decrease in both the body and pancreatic weights. These changes were associated with a significant increase in the relative amount of the endocrine pancreas, the total islet volume being unchanged. While the A1 cells appeared unaffected by the glucagon treatment, the A2 cells were markedly atrophied. After an apparent initial increase there was a subsequent progressive diminution of the silvery-white dark field granulation of the A2 cells during the glucagon treatment. The postcoupled benzylidene reaction for tryptophane also decreased and became insignificant in guineapigs injected with glucagon for a long period. In the latter animals the percentage of A2 cells was only 3.4 ± 0.2 as compared with 24.4 ± 1.3 for the controls. As a consequence of this, the A1/A2 cell number ratio was about 6 times as high in the glucagon treated guinea-pigs. The data obtained for the longer term adaptation of the islets of Langerhans to the administration of glucagon support the concept that this hormone is secreted by the silver-negative A2 cells.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE LITTER SIZE ON THE POST NATAL GROWTH OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN THE RAT

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (IV) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birger Petersson ◽  
Claes Hellerström ◽  
Bo Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Number ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Number Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Islet Volume ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Old Rats

ABSTRACT In a comparison of three week old rats from small and large litters it was observed that the total islet volume was more than three times as large in the former group. If on the other hand the total islet volume was expressed in relation to the body or the pancreatic weight, no significant difference was found between the animals in the small and large litters. The smaller absolute islet volume in the group 'large litters' was primarily due to a lower number of A cells, i. e. the B/A cell number ratio was significantly higher than in the group 'small litters'. The size of the litters, which normally shows considerable variations, thus greatly influences not only the body growth of the rats but also the post natal development of the islet tissue.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

Effects of long-term administration of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor antagonist AR-A000002 to guinea pigs

2004 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Stenfors ◽  
Charlotte Ahlgren ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
Maria Wed�n ◽  
Lars-Gunnar Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Term Administration

scholarly journals GENERALIZED ARGINIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Krivosheev ◽  
L. A Khvan ◽  
D. N Bobokhidze ◽  
I. A Krivosheeva ◽  
D. V Morozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Supplement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Skin Hyperpigmentation ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Moment

A brief review of literature on the problem of argyria is presented. Hyperpigmentation of the skin in 10-20% of cases has an iatrogenic cause. Hyperpigmentation of the skin can form on the background of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, amiodarone, cytostatics, antimalarials, etc. Systemic deposition of silver in various organs and tissues is known as generalized argyria. The disease is caused by the prolonged use of compounds containing silver (lapis pencil, silver nitrate, etc.). Clinically, generalized arginia is characterized by the gradual appearance of ashy-bluish coloration of the skin of open areas of the body (face, neck) and nail plates of the phalanges of the hands. The period from the moment of the beginning of reception of preparations of silver and before occurrence of the first dermatological changes varies on the average from 1 year to 5 years. Generalized argiria is a rare disease. This is due to the limited use of silver drugs in clinical practice, as well as the improvement of technological processes in pharmacological production. The patient’s own observation with generalized arginia formed against the background of the long-term administration of the drug Argovit-S, whose silver content is 0.75-0.85 mg/ml, is analyzed. The patient took the drug alone as a food supplement for 25 years. The diagnosis of generalized arginia is verified clinically, but is confirmed necessarily in the course of histological examination. It is shown that argyria is not only the iatrogenic cause of skin hyperpigmentation, but a serious risk factor for the manifestation and progression of liver cirrhosis. Patients with generalized arginia should undergo a comprehensive examination in order to verify the serious pathology of internal organs.

scholarly journals Some experimental data on the etiology of uterine fibroids

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
M. S. Todortseva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Nervous Apparatus ◽  
Term Administration

Taking into account the great interest in identifying the role of the nervous system in the processes of tumor growth and the insufficient study of morphological changes in the nervous apparatus of neoplasms, in our clinic (Head - Prof. AM Foy), since 1955, work has been carried out to study the effect of prolonged hyperestrogenism on the nervous apparatus of the uterus during the development of experimental fibroids in it. Experiments with long-term administration of estrogenic hormones were carried out on 120 non-castrated female guinea pigs weighing from 150.0 to 250.0, which were divided into 4 groups.

CORRELATION OF WATER AND ELECTROLYTE DISTRIBUTION IN THE THYROID GLAND WITH ITS FUNCTIONAL STATE IN RATS AND GUINEA-PIGS

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. CHOW ◽  
D. M. WOODBURY
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Follicular Cell ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

SUMMARY In the thyroid gland of rats and guinea-pigs, follicular cell fluid volume was increased and luminal fluid volume was decreased after a single injection of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (1 i.u./animal) or long-term administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) (0·1% in drinking water for 2 weeks). In rats, follicular cell fluid volume was decreased and luminal fluid volume was increased after hypophysectomy. Interstitial fluid volume remained fairly constant in different functional states of the thyroid gland in both species. As a result of the decrease in luminal colloid content by TSH and PTU treatments, the Cl− concentration in the luminal compartment of the thyroid gland was increased. Luminal Cl− concentration decreased in hypophysectomized rats. In the cellular compartment of the thyroid gland, TSH and PTU treatments caused an increase in K+ and Cl− concentrations and a decrease in Na+ concentration, whereas hypophysectomy caused a decrease in K+ and Cl− and an increase in Na+ concentrations. Water and electrolytes in the thyroid gland of rats younger than 5 weeks were distributed in the same pattern as that of adult guinea-pigs and hypophysectomized adult rats; all these animals probably had lower TSH activity than intact adult rats.

scholarly journals Behavioral Changes in Guinea Pigs Treated with Long-Term Administration of Methamphetamine and Immunohistochemical Changes in Their Brains

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kubota ◽  
Sachio Miyasaka ◽  
Mineo Yoshino ◽  
Ken Tanaka ◽  
Takako Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Term Administration

scholarly journals Evaluation of γ-oryzanol Accumulation and Lipid Metabolism in the Body of Mice Following Long-Term Administration of γ-oryzanol

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Kobayashi ◽  
Junya Ito ◽  
Naoki Shimizu ◽  
Takumi Kokumai ◽  
Shunji Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Term Administration

γ-Oryzanol (OZ), abundant in rice bran oil, has gained attention due to its physiological activities (e.g., lipid-lowering effects). However, the absorption and metabolism of orally ingested OZ have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, diets containing normal or high contents of OZ were fed to obesity model mice for 8 weeks, and OZ concentrations in plasma and organs were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. To evaluate the relationship between OZ accumulation and lipid metabolism in vivo, lipid concentrations in the mice plasma and liver were also measured. As a result, the accumulation of intact OZ in plasma and organs was seen in mice fed diets containing OZ, where mice fed diets containing higher OZ contents demonstrated higher levels of OZ accumulation and lower amounts of plasma lipids. These results, in combination with our additional data from a single oral administration test, suggest the possibility that intact OZ, along with its metabolites (e.g., ferulic acid), is biologically-active.

Long-term administration of magnesium after acoustic trauma caused by gunshot noise in guinea pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abaamrane ◽  
F. Raffin ◽  
M. Gal ◽  
P. Avan ◽  
I. Sendowski
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Acoustic Trauma ◽  
Term Administration

Levodopa as Treatment for Adults with Amblyopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1595-1597
Author(s):  
Camelia Bogdanici ◽  
Tudor Bogdanici ◽  
Andreea Moraru ◽  
Danut Costin ◽  
Crenguta Feraru
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Occlusion Therapy ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Classical Conception ◽  
The Brain

Levodopa is a medication used in treatment for Parkinson�s disease, which is associated with low levels of a chemical called dopamine in the brain. Levodopa is turned into dopamine in the body and therefore increases levels of this chemical. Levodopa was used as a treatment of amblyopia alone or in combination with classical treatment of occlusion. Visual acuity is improved after treatment with oral Levodopa. When is used as an adjunct to the occlusion therapy, Levodopa can be associated with long-term improvement in the vision, and may have also better compliance for patching. Levodopa stimulates the brain plasticity in adult age and can be used in treatment for amblyopia. Patients have also an increase of the visual acuity after orthoptic treatment for amblyopia and when Levodopa is administered, the vision increases much more. Contrary to the classical conception, according to which amblyopia cannot be treated after 10-12 years of age and it is untreatable in adults, studies about treatment with Levodopa in amblyopic eyes, may allow the improvement of the visual acuity in adults, as well.

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