STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

Chemopreventive effect of diclofenac on mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Orendáš ◽  
Ivan Ahlers ◽  
Bianka Bojková ◽  
Monika Kassayová ◽  
Peter Kubatka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Mammary Carcinogenesis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Chemopreventive Effect

AbstractChemopreventive effect of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in mammary carcinogenesis was reported in several studies. In this study, the effect of a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac (DICLO) in the prevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley female rats was evaluated. NMU was administered to animals intraperitoneally in two doses of 50 mg kg−1 b.w. within postnatal days 42-48. In experiment A (short-term administration), DICLO was administrated intramuscularly (5 mg kg−1 b.w.) every other day, starting 3 days before and for subsequent 25 days after first NMU injection. In experiment B (long-term administration), DICLO was administered in tap water (0.01 mg ml−1) continually, starting 7 days before and for subsequent 22 weeks after first NMU dose. The study was terminated 22 weeks after the first dose of NMU in both experiments. After DICLO treatment, tumor frequency per group was reduced in both variants of drug administration: in experiment A by 38% and in experiment B by 39.5%. Moreover, DICLO decreased tumor incidence by 11.5% and delayed tumor latency by 14 days in experiment B. In our preventive-curative experiments DICLO decreased some parameters of NMU-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis, mainly the tumor frequency.

The influence of long-term melatonin administration on basic physiological and metabolic variables of young Wistar:Han rats

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kassayová ◽  
Martina Marková ◽  
Bianka Bojková ◽  
Eva Adámeková ◽  
Peter Kubatka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Food And Water Intake

AbstractThe question of effects of long-term melatonin (MEL) administration have not yet been explained sufficiently, especially its metabolic consequences in young persons and animals. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of MEL given during prolonged time (for 3 months) and chronically (for 6 months) at the dose of 4 µg/mL of tap water, on the selected metabolic and hormonal parameters in young female and male Wistar:Han (WH) rats. The weights of selected organs, tissues, body weight gains and food and water intake were registered. Six weeks aged rats were adapted to standard housing conditions and light regimen L:D=12:12 h, fed standard laboratory diet and drank tap water (controls) or MEL solution ad libitum; finally they were sacrificed after overnight fasting. Prolonged MEL administration decreased serum glucose concentration and increased triacylglycerol and malondialdehyde concentration/content in the liver in females. In males MEL increased concentrations of serum phospholipids, corticosterone and liver malondialdehyde. MEL treatment reduced the body weight in both sexes and weight of epididymal fat in males, without any alterations of food and water intake. Chronic MEL administration reduced serum glucose concentration and increased concentration/content of glycogen, triacylglycerol and cholesterol in the liver and glycogen concentration/content in heart muscle in males. In females, the significant rise of serum corticosterone concentration and liver malondialdehyde content was recorded. MEL significantly increased liver weight and decreased thymus weight in males. MEL administration increased temporarily water intake in males, body and epididymal fat weights were similar to that in controls. Body weight of MEL drinking females was reduced in the 1st half of experiment only; the food and water intake did not differ from control group. The response in WH rats on MEL was more prominent as in the Sprague-Dawley strain (our previous studies). Male rats were generally more affected, probably due to higher daily and total consumption of melatonin.

scholarly journals GENERALIZED ARGINIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Krivosheev ◽  
L. A Khvan ◽  
D. N Bobokhidze ◽  
I. A Krivosheeva ◽  
D. V Morozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Supplement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Skin Hyperpigmentation ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Moment

A brief review of literature on the problem of argyria is presented. Hyperpigmentation of the skin in 10-20% of cases has an iatrogenic cause. Hyperpigmentation of the skin can form on the background of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, amiodarone, cytostatics, antimalarials, etc. Systemic deposition of silver in various organs and tissues is known as generalized argyria. The disease is caused by the prolonged use of compounds containing silver (lapis pencil, silver nitrate, etc.). Clinically, generalized arginia is characterized by the gradual appearance of ashy-bluish coloration of the skin of open areas of the body (face, neck) and nail plates of the phalanges of the hands. The period from the moment of the beginning of reception of preparations of silver and before occurrence of the first dermatological changes varies on the average from 1 year to 5 years. Generalized argiria is a rare disease. This is due to the limited use of silver drugs in clinical practice, as well as the improvement of technological processes in pharmacological production. The patient’s own observation with generalized arginia formed against the background of the long-term administration of the drug Argovit-S, whose silver content is 0.75-0.85 mg/ml, is analyzed. The patient took the drug alone as a food supplement for 25 years. The diagnosis of generalized arginia is verified clinically, but is confirmed necessarily in the course of histological examination. It is shown that argyria is not only the iatrogenic cause of skin hyperpigmentation, but a serious risk factor for the manifestation and progression of liver cirrhosis. Patients with generalized arginia should undergo a comprehensive examination in order to verify the serious pathology of internal organs.

EFFECTS OF LONG TERM ADMINISTRATION OF GLUCAGON ON THE PANCREATIC ISLET TISSUE OF RATS AND GUINEA-PIGS

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birger Petersson ◽  
Bo Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
The Body ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Number Ratio ◽  
Islet Volume ◽  
Term Administration

ABSTRACT Rats and guinea-pigs were injected every eight hours with crystalline glucagon (0.3–0.6 mg/kg) and killed after different periods of treatment up to 30 days. Immature animals (glucagon treatment commenced on the second postnatal day) were also included among the rats investigated. While the immature glucagon treated rats grew almost as well as their litter mate controls, there was a marked reduction of the body and adrenal weights, when the injections were started at a more adult age. In the latter rats the total islet volume was significantly reduced and the A1/A2 cell number ratio increased from 0.24 ± 0.02 to 0.32 ± 0.02. In the guinea-pigs the glucagon treatment resulted in a considerable decrease in both the body and pancreatic weights. These changes were associated with a significant increase in the relative amount of the endocrine pancreas, the total islet volume being unchanged. While the A1 cells appeared unaffected by the glucagon treatment, the A2 cells were markedly atrophied. After an apparent initial increase there was a subsequent progressive diminution of the silvery-white dark field granulation of the A2 cells during the glucagon treatment. The postcoupled benzylidene reaction for tryptophane also decreased and became insignificant in guineapigs injected with glucagon for a long period. In the latter animals the percentage of A2 cells was only 3.4 ± 0.2 as compared with 24.4 ± 1.3 for the controls. As a consequence of this, the A1/A2 cell number ratio was about 6 times as high in the glucagon treated guinea-pigs. The data obtained for the longer term adaptation of the islets of Langerhans to the administration of glucagon support the concept that this hormone is secreted by the silver-negative A2 cells.

scholarly journals Evaluation of γ-oryzanol Accumulation and Lipid Metabolism in the Body of Mice Following Long-Term Administration of γ-oryzanol

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Kobayashi ◽  
Junya Ito ◽  
Naoki Shimizu ◽  
Takumi Kokumai ◽  
Shunji Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Term Administration

γ-Oryzanol (OZ), abundant in rice bran oil, has gained attention due to its physiological activities (e.g., lipid-lowering effects). However, the absorption and metabolism of orally ingested OZ have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, diets containing normal or high contents of OZ were fed to obesity model mice for 8 weeks, and OZ concentrations in plasma and organs were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. To evaluate the relationship between OZ accumulation and lipid metabolism in vivo, lipid concentrations in the mice plasma and liver were also measured. As a result, the accumulation of intact OZ in plasma and organs was seen in mice fed diets containing OZ, where mice fed diets containing higher OZ contents demonstrated higher levels of OZ accumulation and lower amounts of plasma lipids. These results, in combination with our additional data from a single oral administration test, suggest the possibility that intact OZ, along with its metabolites (e.g., ferulic acid), is biologically-active.

scholarly journals The importance of the body's need for zinc in determining Zn availability in food: a principle demonstrated in the rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Hallmans ◽  
Ulf Nilsson ◽  
Rolf Sjöström ◽  
Lars Wetter ◽  
Kenneth Wing
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Zn Availability ◽  
Crisp Bread

1. The hypothesis that the availability of zinc in a food is limited by factors in the food was tested against the hypothesis that Zn absorption is homeostatically regulated by the body according to its need for Zn.2. The experimental model used was the short-term administration to rats of a parenteral nutrition solution with no added Zn in an attempt to increase their need for Zn in an anabolic phase.3. The absorption and retention of 65Zn from a piece of endosperm-wheat crisp-bread in rats injected intraperitoneally with the parenteral nutrition solution was more than 40% higher than that in a control group injected with physiological saline (9 g sodium chloride/l).4. The results indicate that the availability of Zn in the bread is not fixed but variable and dependent on the body's need for Zn.

scholarly journals The Application of Computer Musculoskeletal Modeling and Simulation to Investigate Compressive Tibiofemoral Force and Muscle Functions in Obese Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Huang ◽  
Jie Zhuang ◽  
Yanxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Musculoskeletal Modelling ◽  
Individual Muscle ◽  
Joint Loads

This study aimed to utilize musculoskeletal modelling and simulation to investigate the compressive tibiofemoral force and individual muscle function in obese children. We generated a 3D muscle-driven simulation of eight obese and eight normal-weight boys walking at their self-selected speed. The compressive tibiofemoral force and individual muscle contribution to the support and progression accelerations of center of mass (COM) were computed for each participant based on the subject-specific model. The simulated results were verified by comparing them to the experimental kinematics and EMG data. We found a linear relationship between the average self-selected speed and the normalized peak compressive tibiofemoral force (R2=0.611). The activity of the quadriceps contributed the most to the peak compressive tibiofemoral force during the stance phase. Obese children and nonobese children use similar muscles to support and accelerate the body COM, but nonobese children had significantly greater contributions of individual muscles. The obese children may therefore adopt a compensation strategy to avoid increasing joint loads and muscle requirements during walking. The absolute compressive tibiofemoral force and muscle forces were still greater in obese children. The long-term biomechanical adaptations of the musculoskeletal system to accommodate the excess body weight during walking are a concern.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL EM IDOSOS ATIVOS E INSTITUCIONALIZADOS POR MEIO DA BIOIMPEDÂNCIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Luana Morais Antonini ◽  
Gabriela Schafer Coelho ◽  
Fabíola de Azevedo Mello ◽  
Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire ◽  
Marcela de Andrade Bernal Fagiani
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Active Group ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Not At Risk

The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional assessment using bioimpedancein active and institutionalized elderly over 60 years. We evaluated individuals from a long-term institution and physically active individuals from a city in the interior of São Paulo. Descriptive and statistical analysis were performed. Unpaired Student's t-test was applied considering 5% significance using GraphPad Prism software. The active group had a higher prevalence of women (73.40%), high calf circumference levels (37.21±3.16cm) and fat percentage (37.47±4.91%). Most elderly in both groups (53.30%) were classified as normal weight by the Body Mass Index. The active group was not at risk of developing sarcopenia, so the practice of regular exercise generates numerous benefits for the senile population, such as improved quality of life, health promotion and assistance in preventing pathologies.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LONG TERM ADMINISTRATION OF GENTAMICIN ON CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAQ Miah ◽  
MA Awal ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Coagulation Necrosis ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Kg Medium

The effects of long-term intramuscular injection of gentamicin (Gentin® inj., Opsonin, Bangladesh Ltd.) were studied clinicopathologically on twenty 60 day-old Swiss Albino mice of either sex for 42 days during January to March 2002. All the mice were grouped into four, each consisting of one male and four female mice, of which one group (group A) served as control without giving any treatment while groups B, C and D received recommended (50 mg / kg), medium (75 mg / kg) and double the recommended (100 mg / kg) doses of gentamicin intramuscularly daily for 42 days. All the treated mice produced mild to severe clinical signs, i.e., roughness of the body coat, dullness, depression, anorexia and weakness. At recommended and medium doses the offspring were apparently normal but at double the recommended dose, 10% offspring were died and others were weak and emaciated. No significant gross change was found in lungs, spleen and heart of all the treated groups but the kidney was found soft, flabby and enlarged and the heart was found darker, congested with necrotic foci on the surface. Histopathological changes showed chronic interstitial nephritis in groups B and C following recommended (50 mg / kg) and medium (75 mg / kg) doses while severe glomerulonephritis was observed following double the recommended dose (100 mg / kg) of gentamicin. In liver, histopathological study showed coagulation necrosis following recommended dose, whereas, karyorrhoexis and tissue regeneration were found following medium and double the recommended doses. In lungs, haemorrhage and thickening of interstitial tissues were observed following double the recommended dose of gentamicin in mice. Thus long term administration of higher dose of gentamicin is detrimental to the vital organs.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DICLOFENAС SODIUM ON MECHANISMS OF DIFFERENTIATION OF BONE MARROW CELLS AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD: A LITERATURE REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Yu. Bahmut ◽  
O. S. Ivanov ◽  
G. V. Tsapko
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Marrow Cells

The hematopoietic system is a population of many cells that perform certain functions in the body. The pharmaceutical industry creates new drugs from the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but the “gold” standard remains the drug Diclofenac Sodium. In some conditions, a person is forced to take the drug for a long time, and sometimes all life. The mechanism of the drug effect on the bone marrow cells under the condition of long-term administration remains unclear. In the process of analyzing the literature, it has been established that the use of the drug has a toxic effect on the blood cells and blood-forming organs. Gradually, the toxic effect is reduced, but the long-term effect of the drug on the rat organism contributes to the inhibition of the development of erythrocyte and myelocytic sprouts of the bone marrow. A period of up to 10 days is optimal for use, and then it is worthwhile to look for a drug that is safer for the body.

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