A CORRELATIVE STUDY OF ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE THYROID GLAND OF THE GOLDEN HAMSTER

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo R. Seibel ◽  
Karl M. Knigge
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Apical Vesicles ◽  
Ultrastructure And Function ◽  
Influence Of Tsh ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Three procedures were used to stimulate thyroid function in the golden hamster 1) administration of thyrotrophin (TSH), 2) propylthiouracil (PTU) feeding; and 3) cold exposure. In the three experimental conditions, the composite of functional and morphological responses of the thyroid gland differed. Thyroid glands of TSH and PTU-treated hamsters, but not cold-exposed animals were characterized by marked increase in weight, due predominantly to increase in mass of epithelial cells; follicular epithelial cells of TSH and PTU-treated glands exhibited striking expansion and dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum and enlargement of the Golgi apparatus. These structural changes were not necessarily concomitants of increased thyroid hormone synthesis, since they were exhibited by glands from PTU-treated animals. Glands of TSH and PTU-treated animals also displayed marked increases in the number of microvilli and apical vesicles. Comparable increases were not seen in cold-exposed animals, even though some functional criteria of activity suggested that these glands were under the influence of TSH. The significance of this is discussed.

scholarly journals Alterations of the thyroid structure and function in experimental hypopinealism

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
L A Bondarenko ◽  
L Iu Sergienko ◽  
N N Sotnik ◽  
A N Cherevko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sexually Mature

The pituitary-thyroid axis of young sexually mature rabbits kept under a 24-hour daylight photoperiod was shown to undergo phase-modulated variations of hormonal activity with its initial increase (during the first month) and subsequent progressive decrease (within 2-5 months after the onset of exposure to light). These changes correlated with the time-dependent fall in the blood T3, T4, and TSH levels. Simultaneously, the animals developed pathological changes in the histological structure of the thyroid gland similar to those in patients with secondary or tertiary hypothyroidism. It is concluded that hormonal and structural changes in the thyroid gland during long-term hypopinealism should be regarded as an experimental model of hypothyroidism of neuroendocrine origin.

THE ANTI-THYROID ACTION OF PARA-AMINO-SALICYLIC ACID

1953 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BEATTIE ◽  
R. D. CHAMBERS
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Thyrotrophic Hormone ◽  
Amino Salicylic Acid

SUMMARY 1. Para-amino-salicylic acid (PAS sodium salt) given to rats under the experimental conditions described produces a fall of radio-iodine uptake to 10% of the control value at the end of 16 days. After 30 days this low level is unchanged. 2. Oxygen consumption falls gradually to 12% below the control value at the end of 30 days' treatment with PAS. 3. Thyroxine with PAS abolishes the fall in oxygen consumption and raises the radio-iodine uptake slightly above that given with PAS alone. 4. Methyl thiouracil with PAS does not depress the oxygen consumption level below that obtained with PAS alone. The radio-iodine uptake is raised slightly above that found with PAS. 5. After 15 weeks' administration of PAS radio-iodine uptake is more than double that of the control value. 6. The rise in radio-iodine uptake when thyroxine and methyl thiouracil are given with PAS and when PAS treatment is prolonged, is accompanied by structural changes in the thyroid gland indicative of an increased output of thyrotrophic hormone. 7. After 29 weeks' treatment with PAS signs of exhaustion of the thyroid gland appear. Complete degeneration of the follicular epithelium was observed in some animals at this time. 8. The structural changes in the gland are reversible even after 25 weeks' treatment with PAS at a dose level of 1 mg/g body weight/day.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF SPERMATOGENIC EPITHELIOCYTES STRUCTURE UNDER THE RUBOMYCIN INFLUENCE IN RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
M. S. Hnatiuk ◽  
S. О. Konovalenko ◽  
L. V. Tatarchuk ◽  
О. B. Yasinovsky
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Morphometric Parameter ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spermatogenic Epithelium

Background. Over the last 20 years, the quality of men’s sperm around the world has deteriorated twice. The causes are poor environment, stress, sedentary lifestyle, prevalence of sexually transmitted infections, obesity, alcohol abuse and various stimulants. The structure and function of the testes, when exposed to various drugs and chemicals, attracts the attention of present researchers. Objectives. The aim of the research was to study the structural changes of the spermatogenic epithelium in testicular damage caused by rubomycin hydrochloride. Methods. The spermatogenic epithelium of the testes of 30 white adult white male rats, which were divided into 2 groups, was morphometrically examined. The 1st group comprised 15 experimental intact animals, the 2nd – 15 rats, in which testicular damage with rubomycin hydrochloride was simulated. Euthanasia of rats was performed by bloodletting under thiopental anesthesia one month after the experiment beginning. Quantitative morphological parameters were statistically processed. In spermatocytes of the 1st P-order, spermatogonia and spermatids of testes, their height, diameter of nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and relative volumes of damaged cells of spermatogenic epithelium were evaluated. Results. It was established that spermatogenic epithelial cells were damaged in the simulated experimental conditions, which was morphometrically confirmed by changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic relations in the 1st, 2nd order spermatocytes, spermatogonia and spermatids. The relative volumes of damaged spermatogenic epithelial cells also increased significantly. The most significant morphometric parameters were altered in spermatids. Thus, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in the studied cells was statistically significantly (p <0.001) increased by 7.4% compared with the similar control morphometric parameter. The relative volume of damaged spermatids in these experimental conditions reached (32.50±0.18) %, which with a high statistically significant difference (p<0.001) exceeded the same control value in almost 15.8 times. Optically, histological preparations of the testes showed severe vascular disorders, characterized by dilation and plethora mostly of venous vessels, which pointed to violation of venous drainage of the studied organs. Conclusions. According to the attained research results it has been established that nuclear-cytoplasmic relations are an objective and valuable informative indicator of a functional condition of cells and their structural changes in pathological conditions. When rubomycin hydrochloride is exposed to experimental animals, the most significant changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic relations are found in spermatic spermatozoa.

CHANGES OF THYROID FUNCTION IN RESPONSE TO SEVERE NERVOUS STIMULATION

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (IV) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Árvay ◽  
L. Lampé ◽  
L. Kertész ◽  
L. Medveczky
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nervous Stimulation ◽  
Characteristic Effect ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACT The effect of prolonged exposure to severe nervous traumatization on the activity of the thyroid gland has been studied. Good agreement between the results was obtained by using radioactive iodine 131I, measuring the activity over the thyroid gland and the radioautographs, as well as doing the histological examinations and determinations of the height of the epithelial cells lining the acini. According to these results intense nervous stimulations have a characteristic effect on the thyroid function. The initial phase of hyperfunction, lasting under our experimental conditions for 10 days, is followed by a state characterized by hypofunction. The effect is reversible. This effect of severe nervous traumatization on the thyroid function is markedly inhibited by chlorpromazine.

Bleeding Time in Rats: A Comparison of Different Experimental Conditions

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Dejana ◽  
Silvia Villa ◽  
Giovanni de Gaetano
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Platelet Dysfunction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Platelet Number ◽  
Coagulation Defects ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
And Function ◽  
Storage Pool Disease ◽  
Type Of Anaesthesia

SummaryThe tail bleeding time (BT) in rats definitely varies according to the method applied. Of the various variables that may influence BT, we have evaluated the position (horizontal or vertical) of the tail, the environment (air or saline), the temperature (4°, 23° or 37° C) and the type of anaesthesia. Transection of the tail tip cannot be used to screen drugs active on platelet function since it is sensitive to coagulation defects. Template BT in contrast is not modified by heparin and is sensitive to defects of platelet number and function (“storage pool disease”, dipyridamole-like drugs, exogenous prostacyclin). In contrast the test fails to detect aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction. The evidence reported indicates that thromboxane A2-prostacyclin balance is not a factor regulating BT. Aspirin treatment however may be a precipitating factor when associated with other abnormalities of platelet function.Template BT is a valid screening test for platelet disorders and for antiplatelet drugs.

DER EINFLUSS VON RESERPIN AUF DIE ANTITHYREOIDALE WIRKUNG VON KALIUMPERCHLORAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
H. L. Krüskemper ◽  
F. J. Kessler ◽  
E. Steinkrüger
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
List Type ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT 1. Reserpine does not inhibit the tissue respiration of liver in normal male rats (in vitro). 2. The decrease of tissue respiration of the liver with simultaneous morphological stimulation of the thyroid gland after long administration of reserpine is due to a minute inhibition of the hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. 3. The morphological alterations of the thyroid in experimental hypothyroidism due to perchlorate can not be prevented with reserpine.

Influence of Ascorbic Acid on the Structure and Function of Alpha-2- macroglobulin: Investigations using Spectroscopic and Thermodynamic Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Syed Saqib Ali ◽  
Mohammad Khalid Zia ◽  
Tooba Siddiqui ◽  
Haseeb Ahsan ◽  
Fahim Halim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
And Function

Background: Ascorbic acid is a classic dietary antioxidant which plays an important role in the body of human beings. It is commonly found in various foods as well as taken as dietary supplement. Objective: The plasma ascorbic acid concentration may range from low, as in chronic or acute oxidative stress to high if delivered intravenously during cancer treatment. Sheep alpha-2- macroglobulin (α2M), a human α2M homologue is a large tetrameric glycoprotein of 630 kDa with antiproteinase activity, found in sheep’s blood. Methods: In the present study, the interaction of ascorbic acid with alpha-2-macroglobulin was explored in the presence of visible light by utilizing various spectroscopic techniques and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Results: UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy suggests the formation of a complex between ascorbic acid and α2M apparent by increased absorbance and decreased fluorescence. Secondary structural changes in the α2M were investigated by CD and FT-IR spectroscopy. Our findings suggest the induction of subtle conformational changes in α2M induced by ascorbic acid. Thermodynamics signatures of ascorbic acid and α2M interaction indicate that the binding is an enthalpy-driven process. Conclusion: It is possible that ascorbic acid binds and compromises antiproteinase activity of α2M by inducing changes in the secondary structure of the protein.

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