CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN, CORPUS LUTEUM FUNCTION AND EMBRYO IMPLANTATION IN THE RHESUS MONKEY

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of two doses of hCG (100 and 300 IU) applied at two different times (7 and 14 d) after a fixed-time artificial insemination protocol (FTAI) upon some variables involved in the embryonic implantation rate in goats during the natural deep anestrous season (April, 25° north). The experimental units considered crossbred, multiparous, anovulatory goats (n = 69, Alpine, Saanen, Nubian x Criollo), with average body weight (43.6 ± 5.7 kg) and body condition score (1.86 ± 0.28 units) located in northern–semiarid Mexico (25° N, 103° W). Once the goat’s anestrus status was confirmed, goats were subjected to an estrus induction protocol. Upon estrus induction confirmation, goats (n = 61) were subjected to a FTAI procedure. Immediately after the FTAI, the goats were randomly distributed to five experimental groups: (1). G100-7 (n = 13) 100 IU, hCG 7 d post-FTAI, (2). G100-14 (n = 12) 100 IU hCG, 14 d post-FTAI, (3). G300-7 (n = 12) 300 IU, hCG, 7 d post-FTAI, (4). G300-14 (n = 12) 300 IU hCG 14 d post-FTAI, and (5). Control group, CONT (n = 12) 0.5 mL saline, 7 and 14 d post-FTAI. The response variables conception rate (39.36 ± 0.23), fertility rate (27.96%), prolificacy rate (1.1 ± 0.29 kids), ovulation rate (0.74 ± 0.20 corpus luteum) corpus luteum diameter (10.15 ± 0.59 mm), embryo number (1.58 ± 0.20), and embryo implantation rate (48.96%), did not differ between treatments. However, while the variables fecundity rate (67%), embryo efficiency index-1 (33.99 ± 0.20%), and embryo efficiency index-2 (27.94 ± 0.30%) were favored by the G300-14 treatment, the corpus luteum area was favored (p < 0.05) by both G300-7 (113.30 ± 0.19 mm2) and G300-14 (103.04 ± 0.17 mm2). Such reproductive strategy emerges as an interesting approach, not only to enhance the out-of-season reproductive outcomes, but also to boost one of the main rulers defining the global reproductive efficiency of a heard, namely, the embryo implantation efficiency.

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Oxytocin may play a role in the control of the human corpus luteum

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0950065 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 65-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

G. J. S. Tan ◽

R. Tweedale ◽

J. S. G. Biggs

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Inhibitory Action ◽

Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Luteal Cells ◽

Progesterone Production ◽

Human Corpus Luteum

The effects of oxytocin on dispersed luteal cells from human corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle were studied. Oxytocin at a concentration of 4 mi.u./ml produced a slight increase in basal progesterone production. However, higher oxytocin concentrations (400 and 800 mi.u./ml) markedly inhibited both basal and human chorionic gonadotrophin-induced progesterone production. These data provide evidence for an effect of oxytocin on the human corpus luteum. In view of the inhibitory action of oxytocin, increased secretion of this hormone may be important in the demise of the corpus luteum at the end of the menstrual cycle.

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A COMPARISON BETWEEN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHINS EXTRACTED FROM HUMAN, RHESUS MONKEY AND MARMOSET PLACENTAE

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0550363 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 363-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

BRUCE HOBSON ◽

LEIF WIDE

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Rhesus Monkey ◽

Human Placenta ◽

Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽

Antigenic Determinants

SUMMARY Evidence is provided to show that chorionic gonadotrophins extracted from the human, rhesus monkey and marmoset placentae have antigenic determinants in common. Similar slopes were obtained for these gonadotrophins in a radioimmunoassay for human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The biological activity of the monkey gonadotrophins was neutralized by anti-HCG serum. When the gonadotrophic activity of the monkey placental extracts was assayed biologically and immunologically, using HCG as a standard, similar results were obtained. Higher values were obtained by the immunoassay than by the bioassay when extracts of human placenta were assayed using the same HCG standard.

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Prolactin independent rescue of mouse corpus luteum life span: identification of prolactin and luteinizing hormone target genes

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.91020.2008 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 297 (3) ◽

pp. E676-E684 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Anne Bachelot ◽

Julie Beaufaron ◽

Nathalie Servel ◽

Cécile Kedzia ◽

Philippe Monget ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Target Genes ◽

Ovarian Function ◽

De Novo ◽

Embryo Implantation ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Mrna Expression Profiling

The corpus luteum (CL) plays a central role in the maintenance of pregnancy in rodents, mainly by secreting progesterone. Female mice lacking prolactin (PRL) receptor (R) are sterile due to a failure of embryo implantation, which is a consequence of decreased luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor expression in the CL and inadequate levels of progesterone. We attempted to treat PRLR−/− females with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and showed a de novo expression of LHR mRNA in the corpora lutea. Binding analysis confirmed that the LHR in hCG-treated PRLR−/− animals was functional. This was accompanied with increased expression of steroidogenic enzymes involved in progesterone synthesis. Despite these effects, no embryo implantation was observed because of high expression of 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. To better appreciate the molecular mechanisms underlying maintenance of the CL, a series of mRNA expression-profiling experiments was performed on isolated corpora lutea of PRLR−/− and hCG-treated PRLR−/− mice. This approach revealed several novel candidate genes with potentially pivotal roles in ovarian function, among them, p27, VE-cadherin, Pten, and sFRP-4, a member of the Wnt/frizzled family. This study showed the differential role of PRL and LH in CL function and identified new targets of these hormones in luteal cells.

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Morphological Changes in the Corpus Luteum Correlated with Progestin Levels in the Rhesus Monkey during Early Pregnancy1

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1093/biolreprod/9.3.254 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 254-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Marilyn J. Koering ◽

R. C. Wolf ◽

R. K. Meyer

Keyword(s):

Rhesus Monkey ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Morphological Changes

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Gene Expression Profiling of Corpus luteum Reveals Important Insights about Early Pregnancy in Domestic Sheep

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11040415 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 415 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kisun Pokharel ◽

Jaana Peippo ◽

Melak Weldenegodguad ◽

Mervi Honkatukia ◽

Meng-Hua Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corpus Luteum ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Ribosomal Proteins ◽

Embryo Implantation ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Domestic Sheep ◽

Preimplantation Stage ◽

Sialic Acid Binding ◽

Associated Proteins ◽

First Time

The majority of pregnancy loss in ruminants occurs during the preimplantation stage, which is thus the most critical period determining reproductive success. Here, we performed a comparative transcriptome study by sequencing total mRNA from corpus luteum (CL) collected during the preimplantation stage of pregnancy in Finnsheep, Texel and F1 crosses. A total of 21,287 genes were expressed in our data. Highly expressed autosomal genes in the CL were associated with biological processes such as progesterone formation (STAR, CYP11A1, and HSD3B1) and embryo implantation (e.g., TIMP1, TIMP2 and TCTP). Among the list of differentially expressed genes, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins (SIGLEC3, SIGLEC14, SIGLEC8), ribosomal proteins (RPL17, RPL34, RPS3A, MRPS33) and chemokines (CCL5, CCL24, CXCL13, CXCL9) were upregulated in Finnsheep, while four multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) were upregulated in Texel ewes. A total of 17 known genes and two uncharacterized non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were differentially expressed in breed-wise comparisons owing to the flushing diet effect. The significantly upregulated TXNL1 gene indicated potential for embryonic diapause in Finnsheep and F1. Moreover, we report, for the first time in any species, several genes that are active in the CL during early pregnancy (including TXNL1, SIGLEC14, SIGLEC8, MRP4, and CA5A).

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