Large molecular species of chorionic gonadotrophin from human placental tissues: biosynthesis and physico-chemical properties

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Maruo ◽  
Sheldon J. Segal ◽  
S. S. Koide
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Species ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Bovine Corpus Luteum ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Α And Β Subunits

Abstract. Human placental tissues in the first trimester of pregnancy were maintained in organ culture and incubated with [3H]proline for 90 min at 37°C. The tissues were homogenized with a protease inhibitor in the buffered medium and separated into subcellular components. A large molecular protein which reacted with antiserum to hCG hCGα and hCGβ, and with the receptor membranes obtained from bovine corpus luteum, was detected in the microsomal component and post-microsomal supernatant fraction. This protein was purified by chromatography on Sephadex G-100, Sepharose-6B and DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The large molecular species of hCG contained high radioactivity and was immunoprecipitated with all three antisera. The purified large molecular hCG was analyzed by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 90000 daltons. When the large molecular hCG was treated with 8 m urea and mercaptoethanol in the presence of SDS, a major portion of the material dissociated into immunoreactive α and β subunits of rather high molecular weights compared to standard hCG subunits. Under similar conditions standard hCG dissociates completely into its subunits. The present results suggest that the large molecular species of hCG might be a complex composed of larger forms of α and β subunits. This complex might be an intermediary component in the biosynthetic pathway of hCG or a product of posttranslational modification.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical Properties Gelatin from Bone of Pangasius sutchi Extracted with Citrus Fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11509-11518
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Agriculture Waste ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Pangasius Sutchi

This research was extracted gelatin from the bones of Pangasius catfish without any chemical interventions. This research is expected to substitute unsafe chemicals and reduce fishery and agriculture waste with respect to sustainable, eco-friendly, and environmental concerns. This research was done by three steps, i.e., gelatin extraction (pre-treatment and main extraction), gelatin identification, and physicochemical analysis for the selected treatment. The pre-treatment used four types of Citrus fruits marked as Citrus A, B, C, and D for 24, 36, 48, and 56 hours. Then continued with the main extraction on the water at 45, 55, 65, and 75 oC for 5 h. As a result, through Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) molecular weight identification, the gelatin was successfully extracted using Citrus C D. The fish gelatin contains 1.61-3.83 g/100 g protein and 0.67-1.69 g/100g hydroxyproline. The gelatin yield was 6.26%, the gel strength of 451 g, the hardness of 10.33 N, the cohesiveness of 0.95, springiness of 1.46 mm, gumminess of 9.81 N, and chewiness of 14.32 N. Viscosity and pH of gelatin solution which obtained were 3.17 cP and 4.42 respectively. The proximate characteristics are moisture 8.81%, ash 1.12%, crude protein 58.47%, and fat 4.13%.

scholarly journals Separation and some properties of the major proteins of the human erythrocyte membrane

1972 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. A. Tanner ◽  
D. H. Boxer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Cell Surface Carbohydrate ◽  
Fractionation Procedure

A fractionation procedure is described which allows the isolation of three major human erythrocyte membrane proteins. Their isolation involves three sequential extraction procedures followed by gel filtration in 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate and preparative gel electrophoresis. All three proteins can be isolated from a single preparation. One of the proteins is the erythrocyte sialoglycoprotein, for which no C- or N-terminal residues were found. The other two proteins, which have not previously been isolated, have subunit molecular weights of 74000 and 93000 and contain 9 and 7% carbohydrate respectively. These glycoproteins have blocked N-terminal residues and show similarities in their chemical properties. Preparations derived from blood-group O erythrocytes contain no N-acetylgalactosamine, but similar preparations from blood-group A erythrocytes do contain this sugar. These three proteins cannot easily be solubilized by gentle aqueous procedures and represent about half of the erythrocyte ‘ghost’ protein. They carry a large proportion of the cell-surface carbohydrate.

CONTROL OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A LIPID NANOCONTAINER FOR DELIVERY OF DRUGS WITH LOW BIOAVAILABILITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-154
Author(s):  
I. Yakimov ◽  
I. Le-Deygen ◽  
A. Skuredina ◽  
E. Kudryashova
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Anionic Phospholipid ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Drug Incorporation ◽  
Mannose Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Selection Of

We have used two ways to control the physicochemical properties of liposomal nanocontainers for the delivery of fluoroquinolones: variation of the lipid composition of liposomes and selection of a functionalizing polymer based on chitosan mannose derivatives. The presence of anionic phospholipid cardiolipin in the liposome composition increases the loading efficiency by 5-20%. The mechanism of drug incorporation into membranes was studied, and the main binding sites were determined. The functionalization of the liposomal surface was carried out by chitosan mannose derivatives of various molecular weights, potentially providing targeted delivery to alveolar macrophages.

Cell-free synthesis of α and β subunits of human chorionic gonadotrophin with polyribosomes from early placenta

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Maruo ◽  
S. S. Koide
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Free System ◽  
Β Protein ◽  
Α And Β Subunits

Abstract. Polyribosomes were prepared from first trimester human placenta and assayed for protein synthetic activity in the cell-free translatory system derived from wheat germ or from first trimester placental tissue. High incorporation of [3H]proline was observed, whereas incorporation of [3H]glucosamine did not occur. The radiolabelled proteins synthesized by the wheat germ cell-free system were immunoprecipitated with specific antisera for hCG, α- and β-subunit and analyzed by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels. The apparent molecular weight of the immunoprecipitable CG-α-protein was estimated to be 15 000 daltons, while that of the immunoprecipitable β-protein was about 24 000 daltons. Since the molecular weights of the polypeptide part of authentic α and β subunits are 10 200 and 16 000 daltons, respectively, the cell-free products may represent their precursor protein forms; pre-CG-α and pre-CG-β. The rates of production of hCG, α and β proteins by in vitro incubation of placental polyribosomes with the wheat germ translating system were determined by the respective homologous radioimmunoassays. It is noteworthy that CG-β-protein production was highest during the initial 15 min of incubation and became limited subsequently, whereas an increase in hCG and α-protein formation was observed at 90 min of incubation. The present results suggest that the placental polyribosomes contain mRNA for α- and β-subunits. Earlier accelerated synthesis of CG-β protein might be required for the subsequent association with the newly synthesized α-subunit protein to form hCG.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties and milling behavior of modern triticale genotypes

2019 ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Erika Watanabe ◽  
Klever Marcio Antunes Arruda ◽  
Cintia Sorane Good Kitzberger ◽  
Alexandre Rodrigo Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Baking Industry

Triticale is a cereal crop alternative to wheat, and its incorporation into food products is limited. This work aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical properties and the milling behavior of modern triticale genotypes in order to determine their use in the baking industry. The protein content, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation test, and falling number of triticale genotypes were lower than wheat. The ash content was higher for triticales, while the test weight, starch content, and flour extraction yield were comparable to wheat; but with a considerable variability in the break and reduction flour yield. The studied triticale genotypes can be used in food products that do not require high gluten strength, such as cookies and cakes, as well as cereal bars or extruded cereals, for which ash content and falling number are irrelevant. In addition, the falling number test was not adequate to evaluate the a-amylase activity of triticales and considerable variability in the triticale grain hardness was observed.

scholarly journals Hyaluronic Acid: The Influence of Molecular Weight on Structural, Physical, Physico-Chemical, and Degradable Properties of Biopolymer

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Snetkov ◽  
Kseniia Zakharova ◽  
Svetlana Morozkina ◽  
Roman Olekhnovich ◽  
Mayya Uspenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Joint Fluid ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Polymeric Scaffolds ◽  
Physico Chemical

Hyaluronic acid, as a natural linear polysaccharide, has attracted researchers’ attention from its initial detection and isolation from tissues in 1934 until the present day. Due to biocompatibility and a high biodegradation of hyaluronic acid, it finds wide application in bioengineering and biomedicine: from biorevitalizing skin cosmetics and endoprostheses of joint fluid to polymeric scaffolds and wound dressings. However, the main properties of aqueous polysaccharide solutions with different molecular weights are different. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of hyaluronic acid-based preparations directly depends on the molecular weight of the biopolymer. The present review collects the information about relations between the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid and its original properties. Particular emphasis is placed on the structural, physical and physico-chemical properties of hyaluronic acid in water solutions, as well as their degradability.

scholarly journals Reduced Washing Cycle for Sustainable Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Surimi Production: Evaluation of Bio-Physico-Chemical, Rheological, and Gel-Forming Properties

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2717
Author(s):  
Panumas Somjid ◽  
Worawan Panpipat ◽  
Ling-Zhi Cheong ◽  
Manat Chaijan
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fishy Odor ◽  
Indian Mackerel ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Rastrelliger Kanagurta ◽  
The Impact

Although dark muscle is currently the most important obstacle in marketing high-quality Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) surimi, reducing washing remains a challenge for long-term surimi production from this species. Herein, the impact of washing cycles (one (W1), two (W2), and three (W3) cycles) with a 1:3 mince to water ratio on the bio-physico-chemical properties, rheology, and gelling ability of mackerel surimi was evaluated. The yield, Ca2+-ATPase activity, TCA-soluble peptide, and myoglobin contents of surimi decreased as the number of washing cycles increased, while lipid removal, reactive SH content, and surface hydrophobicity of surimi increased. Surimi generated by W2 and W3 provided the same rheological patterns and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra as unwashed mince, with the highest gel strength and whiteness, as well as the lowest expressible drip, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and fishy odor. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) demonstrated the presence of polymerized proteins stabilized by disulfide and other interactions. Using a scanning electron microscope, several concentrated dense areas and distributed pores generated by myofibrillar proteins gel networks were found. Surimi from W2 and W3 appeared to be of similar overall quality, however W2 had a larger yield. As a result of the evaluation of bio-physico-chemical, rheological, and gel-forming capabilities, as well as product yield, W2 may be the best option for producing high-quality surimi from Indian mackerel in a sustainable manner.

Decoration of specific sites on freeze-fractured membranes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
H. Gross ◽  
H. Moor
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Of Hydration ◽  
Small Container ◽  
Binding Forces

Fracturing under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV, p ≤ 10-9 Torr) produces membrane fracture faces devoid of contamination. Such clean surfaces are a prerequisite foe studies of interactions between condensing molecules is possible and surface forces are unequally distributed, the condensate will accumulate at places with high binding forces; crystallites will arise which may be useful a probes for surface sites with specific physico-chemical properties. Specific “decoration” with crystallites can be achieved nby exposing membrane fracture faces to water vopour. A device was developed which enables the production of pure water vapour and the controlled variation of its partial pressure in an UHV freeze-fracture apparatus (Fig.1a). Under vaccum (≤ 10-3 Torr), small container filled with copper-sulfate-pentahydrate is heated with a heating coil, with the temperature controlled by means of a thermocouple. The water of hydration thereby released enters a storage vessel.

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