Reduced Washing Cycle for Sustainable Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Surimi Production: Evaluation of Bio-Physico-Chemical, Rheological, and Gel-Forming Properties

Although dark muscle is currently the most important obstacle in marketing high-quality Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) surimi, reducing washing remains a challenge for long-term surimi production from this species. Herein, the impact of washing cycles (one (W1), two (W2), and three (W3) cycles) with a 1:3 mince to water ratio on the bio-physico-chemical properties, rheology, and gelling ability of mackerel surimi was evaluated. The yield, Ca2+-ATPase activity, TCA-soluble peptide, and myoglobin contents of surimi decreased as the number of washing cycles increased, while lipid removal, reactive SH content, and surface hydrophobicity of surimi increased. Surimi generated by W2 and W3 provided the same rheological patterns and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra as unwashed mince, with the highest gel strength and whiteness, as well as the lowest expressible drip, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and fishy odor. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) demonstrated the presence of polymerized proteins stabilized by disulfide and other interactions. Using a scanning electron microscope, several concentrated dense areas and distributed pores generated by myofibrillar proteins gel networks were found. Surimi from W2 and W3 appeared to be of similar overall quality, however W2 had a larger yield. As a result of the evaluation of bio-physico-chemical, rheological, and gel-forming capabilities, as well as product yield, W2 may be the best option for producing high-quality surimi from Indian mackerel in a sustainable manner.

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Physico-chemical Properties Gelatin from Bone of Pangasius sutchi Extracted with Citrus Fruits

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac114.1150911518 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 11509-11518

Keyword(s):

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physicochemical Analysis ◽

Citrus Fruits ◽

Agriculture Waste ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Sds Page ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Pangasius Sutchi

This research was extracted gelatin from the bones of Pangasius catfish without any chemical interventions. This research is expected to substitute unsafe chemicals and reduce fishery and agriculture waste with respect to sustainable, eco-friendly, and environmental concerns. This research was done by three steps, i.e., gelatin extraction (pre-treatment and main extraction), gelatin identification, and physicochemical analysis for the selected treatment. The pre-treatment used four types of Citrus fruits marked as Citrus A, B, C, and D for 24, 36, 48, and 56 hours. Then continued with the main extraction on the water at 45, 55, 65, and 75 oC for 5 h. As a result, through Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) molecular weight identification, the gelatin was successfully extracted using Citrus C D. The fish gelatin contains 1.61-3.83 g/100 g protein and 0.67-1.69 g/100g hydroxyproline. The gelatin yield was 6.26%, the gel strength of 451 g, the hardness of 10.33 N, the cohesiveness of 0.95, springiness of 1.46 mm, gumminess of 9.81 N, and chewiness of 14.32 N. Viscosity and pH of gelatin solution which obtained were 3.17 cP and 4.42 respectively. The proximate characteristics are moisture 8.81%, ash 1.12%, crude protein 58.47%, and fat 4.13%.

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The Impact of Filler Geometry on Polylactic Acid-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Karol Leluk ◽

Stanisław Frąckowiak ◽

Joanna Ludwiczak ◽

Tomasz Rydzkowski ◽

Vijay Kumar Thakur

Keyword(s):

Polymer Composites ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽

Cellulose Fibres ◽

Shape Factors ◽

Pure Cellulose ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The Impact

Recently, biocomposites have emerged as materials of great interest to the scientists and industry around the globe. Among various polymers, polylactic acid (PLA) is a popular matrix material with high potential for advanced applications. Various particulate materials and nanoparticles have been used as the filler in PLA based matrix. One of the extensively studied filler is cellulose. However, cellulose fibres, due to their hydrophilic nature, are difficult to blend with a hydrophobic polymer matrix. This leads to agglomeration and creates voids, reducing the mechanical strength of the resulting composite. Moreover, the role of the various forms of pure cellulose and its particle shape factors has not been analyzed in most of the current literature. Therefore, in this work, materials of various shapes and shape factors were selected as fillers for the production of polymer composites using Polylactic acid as a matrix to fill this knowledge gap. In particular, pure cellulose fibres (three types with different elongation coefficient) and two mineral nanocomponents: precipitated calcium carbonate and montmorillonite were used. The composites were prepared by a melt blending process using two different levels of fillers: 5% and 30%. Then, the analysis of their thermomechanical and physico-chemical properties was carried out. The obtained results were presented graphically and discussed in terms of their shape and degree of filling.

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Physicochemical characterisation of kafirins extracted from sorghum grain and dried distillers grain with solubles related to their biomaterial functionality

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94718-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Umar Shah ◽

Deepak Dwivedi ◽

Mark Hackett ◽

Hani Al-Salami ◽

Ranjeet P. Utikar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Structure ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

X Ray ◽

Distillers Grain ◽

Sorghum Grain ◽

Dried Distillers Grain ◽

Polypeptide Profile

AbstractKafirin, the hydrophobic prolamin storage protein in sorghum grain is enriched when the grain is used for bioethanol production to give dried distillers grain with solubles (DGGS) as a by-product. There is great interest in DDGS kafirin as a new source for biomaterials. There is however a lack of fundamental understanding of how the physicochemical properties of DDGS kafirin having been exposed to the high temperature conditions during ethanol production, compare to kafirin made directly from the grain. An understanding of these properties is required to catalyse the utilisation of DDGS kafirin for biomaterial applications. The aim of this study was to extract kafirin directly from sorghum grain and from DDGS derived from the same grain and, then perform a comparative investigation of the physicochemical properties of these kafirins in terms of: polypeptide profile by sodium-dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; secondary structure by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, self-assembly behaviour by small-angle x-ray scattering, surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy and surface chemical properties by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. DDGS kafirin was found to have very similar polypeptide profile as grain kafirin but contained altered secondary structure with increased levels of β-sheets. The structure morphology showed surface fractals and surface elemental composition suggesting enhanced reactivity with possibility to endow interfacial wettability. These properties of DDGS kafirin may provide it with unique functionality and thus open up opportunities for it to be used as a novel food grade biomaterial.

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A comparative study on the extraction effects of common agents on collagen-based binders in mural paintings

Heritage Science ◽

10.1186/s40494-021-00519-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jianghao Du ◽

Zhanyun Zhu ◽

Junchang Yang ◽

Jia Wang ◽

Xiaotong Jiang

Keyword(s):

Protein Structure ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Protein Extraction ◽

Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum ◽

Mural Paintings ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn this paper, a comparative study was conducted on the extraction effects of six agents for collagen-based mural painting binders. These agents were used to extract the residual proteins in the non-aged and thermal aged samples. The protein extraction efficiencies of different extracting agents were quantitatively determined by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method, and then processed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The impact of the extraction process on the protein structure was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), ultraviolet absorption spectrum (UV) and circular dichroism (CD). The results showed that, for both non-aged and aged samples, the extraction efficiency of 2 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) was significantly higher than the other five agents, with less damage to the protein structure during the extraction process.

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Unveiling the Efficiency of Vermicompost Derived from Different Biowastes on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant Growth and Soil Health

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9120791 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 791 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zubair Aslam ◽

Safdar Bashir ◽

Waseem Hassan ◽

Korkmaz Bellitürk ◽

Niaz Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Soil Health ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Test Plant ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Aphid Infestation ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Chemical Attributes ◽

The Impact

The present study was conducted to explore the role of different types of vermicomposts (VCs) prepared from different substrates to improve soil health (physical and chemical properties) and wheat plant growth under field conditions. Different combinations of vermicompost prepared from different substrates (cow dung, paper waste, and rice straw) and inorganic fertilizers were applied in soil using wheat as a test plant. The impact of three different VCs on physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient availability in soil was evaluated to examine their efficacy in combination with chemical fertilizers. Temporal trends in vermicomposting treatments at various stages showed significant improvement in physico-chemical attributes of the VCs substrates. All the plant physiological attributes showed significant response where N:P:K 100:50:50 kg ha−1 + 10 t ha−1 cow dung vermicompost was applied. In addition, post-harvest analysis of soil not only revealed that different combinations of the vermicomposting treatments improved the soil health by improving the physico-chemical attributes of the soil. Conclusively, application of cow dung vermicompost along with recommended NPK not only improved crop yield, soil health, reduced insect (aphid) infestation but also fortified grains with Zn and Fe.

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Influence of Pasteurization and Storage on Dynamic In Vitro Gastric Digestion of Milk Proteins: Quantitative Insights Based on Peptidomics

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9080998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 998 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xing Li ◽

Yuxiang Gu ◽

Shudong He ◽

Olayemi Eyituoyo Dudu ◽

Qiming Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Milk Proteins ◽

Hydrolysis Rate ◽

Gastric Digestion ◽

Pasteurized Milk ◽

The Impact ◽

And Storage

It is important to evaluate the nutritional quality of milk during the shelf-life, especially during home storage, from a consumer viewpoint. In this study, we investigated the impact of pasteurization (85 °C/15 s) and subsequent storage (at 4 °C for 7 days) on the coagulation behavior of milk and protein digestibility in a dynamic in vitro gastric digestion test. A high level of hydration in curd formed in pasteurized milk upon 7-day cold storage compared to raw and pasteurized milk, indicating fast pepsin diffusion in the interior of curds, increasing the hydrolysis rate. The digesta collected at various time points throughout the gastric digestion were studied using o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA), sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and amino acid analysis. These results showed that milk proteins were hydrolyzed quickly upon a long period of cold storage. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative results obtained using LC-MS/MS exhibited significant differences between samples, especially in pasteurized milk upon cold storage. Processing and storage played a decisive role in bioactive peptide generation. Such knowledge could provide insights into and directions for the storage of pasteurized milk for further clinical studies on protein bioavailability and the generation of bioactive peptides for desired health outcomes.

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Simultaneous Ultrasound and Heat Enhance Functional Properties of Glycosylated Lactoferrin

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25235774 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 5774

Author(s):

Zhipeng Li ◽

Dexue Ma ◽

Yiyang He ◽

Siqi Guo ◽

Fuguo Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Properties ◽

Maillard Reaction ◽

Spatial Configuration ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Surface Hydrophobicity ◽

Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽

Maillard Reaction Products ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Protein-polysaccharide covalent complexes exhibit better physicochemical and functional properties than single protein or polysaccharide. To promote the formation of the covalent complex from lactoferrin (LF) and beet pectin (BP), we enhanced the Maillard reaction between LF and BP by using an ultrasound-assisted treatment and studied the structure and functional properties of the resulting product. The reaction conditions were optimized by an orthogonal experimental design, and the highest grafting degree of 55.36% was obtained by ultrasonic treatment at 300 W for 20 min and at LF concentration of 20 g/L and BP concentration of 9 g/L. The formation of LF-BP conjugates was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Ultrasound-assisted treatment can increase the surface hydrophobicity, browning index, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) free radicals scavenging activity of LF due to the changes in the spatial configuration and formation of Maillard reaction products. The thermal stability, antioxidant activity and emulsifying property of LF were significantly improved after combining with BP. These findings reveal the potential application of modified proteins by ultrasonic and heat treatment.

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IMPACT OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS ON SOIL EROSION PROCESSES AND SOIL PROPERTIES ON HILLY LANDSCAPE IN WESTERN LITHUANIA

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management ◽

10.3846/16486897.2015.1054289 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 60-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gintaras JARAŠIŪNAS ◽

Irena KINDERIENĖ

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different land use systems on soil erosion rates, surface evolution processes and physico-chemical properties on a moraine hilly topography in Lithuania. The soil of the experimental site is Bathihypogleyi – Eutric Albeluvisols (abe–gld–w) whose texture is a sandy loam. After a 27-year use of different land conservation systems, three critical slope segments (slightly eroded, active erosion and accumulation) were formed. Soil physical properties of the soil texture and particle sizes distribution were examined. Chemical properties analysed for were soil ph, available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N). We estimated the variation in thickness of the soil Ap horizon and soil physico-chemical properties prone to a sustained erosion process. During the study period (2010–2012) water erosion occurred under the grain– grass and grass–grain crop rotations, at rates of 1.38 and 0.11 m3 ha–1 yr–1, respectively. Soil exhumed due to erosion from elevated positions accumulated in the slope bottom. As a result, topographic transfiguration of hills and changes in soil properties occurred. However, the accumulation segments of slopes had significantly higher silt/clay ratios and SOC content. In the active erosion segments a lighter soil texture and lower soil ph were recorded. Only long-term grassland completely stopped soil erosion effects; therefore geomorphologic change and degradation of hills was estimated there as minimal.

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MRI Relaxivity Changes of the Magnetic Nanoparticles Induced by Different Amino Acid Coatings

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10020394 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 394 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Iryna Antal ◽

Oliver Strbak ◽

Iryna Khmara ◽

Martina Koneracka ◽

Martina Kubovcikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

Dispersed Particles ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The One ◽

Molecular Contrast ◽

The Impact ◽

Positively Charged

In this study, we analysed the physico-chemical properties of positively charged magnetic fluids consisting of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalised by different amino acids (AAs): glycine (Gly), lysine (Lys) and tryptophan (Trp), and the influence of AA–MNP complexes on the MRI relaxivity. We found that the AA coating affects the size of dispersed particles and isoelectric point, as well as the zeta potential of AA–MNPs differently, depending on the AA selected. Moreover, we showed that a change in hydrodynamic diameter results in a change to the relaxivity of AA–MNP complexes. On the one hand, we observed a decrease in the relaxivity values, r1 and r2, with an increase in hydrodynamic diameter (the relaxivity of r1 and r2 were comparable with commercially available contrast agents); on the other hand, we observed an increase in r2* value with an increase in hydrodynamic size. These findings provide an interesting preliminary look at the impact of AA coating on the relaxivity properties of AA–MNP complexes, with a specific application in molecular contrast imaging originating from magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic resonance techniques.

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Impact of Botrytis cinerea Contamination on the Characteristics and Foamability of Yeast Macromolecules Released during the Alcoholic Fermentation of a Model Grape Juice

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25030472 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 472

Author(s):

Richard Marchal ◽

Thomas Salmon ◽

Ramon Gonzalez ◽

Belinda Kemp ◽

Céline Vrigneau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Alcoholic Fermentation ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Exclusion Chromatography ◽

The Impact

Botrytis cinerea is a fungal pathogen responsible for the decrease in foamability of sparkling wines. The proteolysis of must proteins originating from botrytized grapes is well known, but far less information is available concerning the effect of grape juice contamination by Botrytis. The impact from Botrytis on the biochemical and physico-chemical characteristics of proteins released from Saccharomyces during alcoholic fermentation remains elusive. To address this lack of knowledge, a model grape juice was inoculated with three enological yeasts with or without the Botrytis culture supernatant. Size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALLS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) techniques (AgNO3 and periodic acid Schiff staining) was used in the study. When Botrytis enzymes were present, a significant degradation of the higher and medium MW molecules released by Saccharomyces was observed during alcoholic fermentation whilst the lower MW fraction increased. For the three yeast strains studied, the results clearly showed a strong decrease in the wine foamability when synthetic musts were inoculated with 5% (v/v) of Botrytis culture due to fungus proteases.

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