Influence of short-term dexfenfluramine therapy on glucose and lipid metabolism in obese non-diabetic patients

In a short-term (eight days) double-blind crossover study involving 10 obese patients, the effects of dexfenfluramine on glucose and lipid metabolism were examined. The protocol comprised whole body in vivo measurements (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in combination with indirect calorimetry) and in vitro studies of isolated adipocytes (lipolysis and glucose transport). All study participants were weight stable during the study period (103.1±3.2, placebo vs 103.3±3.1 kg, dexfenfluramine, NS). The following parameters were significantly reduced after dexfenfluramine treatment: fasting levels of plasma glucose (6.2±0.2 vs 5.7±0.2 mmol/l, p<0.01), serum insulin (168.0±14.5 vs 138.9±7.9 pmol/l, p<0.05), serum C-peptide (0.68±0.03 vs 0.58±0.02 nmol/l, p<0.05) and total serum cholesterol (6.07±0.41 vs 5.48±0.38 mmol/l, p< 0.01). In the basal state glucose oxidation rate was significantly reduced by 36% (p<0.001), whereas non-oxidative glucose disposal was significantly increased by 41% (p<0.01), following dexfenfluramine treatment. Insulin-stimulated (2 mU·kg−1·min−1) glucose disposal rate tended to be increased (18%, p=0.10) after dexfenfluramine. In conclusion, dexfenfluramine possesses beneficial regulatory effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in non-diabetic obese patients, independently of weight loss.

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Lipolytic Postbiotic from Lactobacillus paracasei Manages Metabolic Syndrome in Albino Wistar Rats

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020472 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 472

Author(s):

Ali Osman ◽

Nashwa El-Gazzar ◽

Taghreed N. Almanaa ◽

Abdalla El-Hadary ◽

Mahmoud Sitohy

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Lipolytic Activity ◽

Control Level ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Positive Control ◽

Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽

Total Serum ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Total Serum Cholesterol

The current study investigates the capacity of a lipolytic Lactobacillus paracasei postbiotic as a possible regulator for lipid metabolism by targeting metabolic syndrome as a possibly safer anti-obesity and Anti-dyslipidemia agent replacing atorvastatin (ATOR) and other drugs with proven or suspected health hazards. The high DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] scavenging activity and high activities of antioxidant enzyme such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) of the Lactobacillus paracasei postbiotic (cell-free extract), coupled with considerable lipolytic activity, may support its action against metabolic syndrome. Lactobacillus paracasei isolate was obtained from an Egyptian cheese sample, identified and used for preparing the postbiotic. The postbiotic was characterized and administered to high-fat diet (HFD) albino rats (100 and 200 mg kg−1) for nine weeks, as compared to atorvastatin (ATOR; 10 mg kg−1). The postbiotic could correct the disruption in lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzymes in HFD rats more effectively than ATOR. The two levels of the postbiotic (100 and 200 mg kg−1) reduced total serum lipids by 29% and 34% and serum triglyceride by 32–45% of the positive control level, compared to only 25% and 35% in ATOR’s case, respectively. Both ATOR and the postbiotic (200 mg kg−1) equally decreased total serum cholesterol by about 40% and 39%, while equally raising HDL levels by 28% and 30% of the positive control. The postbiotic counteracted HFD-induced body weight increases more effectively than ATOR without affecting liver and kidney functions or liver histopathology, at the optimal dose of each. The postbiotic is a safer substitute for ATOR in treating metabolic syndrome.

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Effects of prolonged Acipimox treatment on glucose and lipid metabolism and on in vivo insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1270344 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 127 (4) ◽

pp. 344-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Allan A Vaag ◽

Henning Beck-Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Treatment Period ◽

Blood Glucose Control ◽

Glucose Disposal ◽

Prolonged Treatment ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Fasting Plasma

The effect of prolonged treatment with Acipimox on in vivo peripheral insulin sensitivity, and on glucose and lipid metabolism, was investigated in patients with NIDDM in a double-blind study. Twelve NIDDM patients were randomized to treatment with either placebo or Acipimox in pharmacological doses (250 mg×3) for three months. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide and HbA1c concentrations were unaffected after three months of acipimox treatment. However, fasting plasma non-esterifled fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were twofold elevated after Acipimox treatment (1.34±0.09 vs 0.66±0.09 mmol/l; p<0.05). Despite this, repeated acute Acipimox administration after the three months' treatment period enhanced total insulin-stimulated glucose disposal to the same extent as acute Acipimox administration before the treatment period (367±59 vs 392±66 mg·m−2·min−1, NS; both p<0.05 vs placebo glucose disposal) (267±44 mg·m−2·min−1). In conclusion, insulin resistance or tachyphylaxis towards the effects of Acipimox on insulin stimulated glucose disposal was not induced during prolonged Acipimox treatment. The lack of improvement of blood glucose control in the patients with NIDDM may be due to the demonstrated rebound effect of lipolysis.

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Effects of Baduanjin on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000023532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. e23532

Author(s):

Qiaojun Ma ◽

Hanzhang Li ◽

Yinping Gao ◽

Yalan Zou

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

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Effect of changes in intestinal flora induced by short-term antibiotics administration on the pharmacokinetics of drugs, and glucose and lipid metabolism

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics ◽

10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.11.191 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. S56

Author(s):

Takuya Kuno ◽

Shingo Ito ◽

Sumio Ohtsuki

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Short Term ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

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Enhanced hepatic respiratory capacity and altered lipid metabolism support metabolic homeostasis during short-term hypoxic stress

BMC Biology ◽

10.1186/s12915-021-01192-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katie A. O’Brien ◽

Ben D. McNally ◽

Alice P. Sowton ◽

Antonio Murgia ◽

James Armitage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Respiratory Chain ◽

Complex Iii ◽

Whole Body ◽

Hypoxic Exposure ◽

Metabolic Homeostasis ◽

Short Term ◽

Respiratory Capacity ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Hepatic Diseases

Abstract Background Tissue hypoxia is a key feature of several endemic hepatic diseases, including alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and organ failure. Hypoxia imposes a severe metabolic challenge on the liver, potentially disrupting its capacity to carry out essential functions including fuel storage and the integration of lipid metabolism at the whole-body level. Mitochondrial respiratory function is understood to be critical in mediating the hepatic hypoxic response, yet the time-dependent nature of this response and the role of the respiratory chain in this remain unclear. Results Here, we report that hepatic respiratory capacity is enhanced following short-term exposure to hypoxia (2 days, 10% O2) and is associated with increased abundance of the respiratory chain supercomplex III2+IV and increased cardiolipin levels. Suppression of this enhanced respiratory capacity, achieved via mild inhibition of mitochondrial complex III, disrupted metabolic homeostasis. Hypoxic exposure for 2 days led to accumulation of plasma and hepatic long chain acyl-carnitines. This was observed alongside depletion of hepatic triacylglycerol species with total chain lengths of 39-53 carbons, containing palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic acids, which are associated with de novo lipogenesis. The changes to hepatic respiratory capacity and lipid metabolism following 2 days hypoxic exposure were transient, becoming resolved after 14 days in line with systemic acclimation to hypoxia and elevated circulating haemoglobin concentrations. Conclusions The liver maintains metabolic homeostasis in response to shorter term hypoxic exposure through transient enhancement of respiratory chain capacity and alterations to lipid metabolism. These findings may have implications in understanding and treating hepatic pathologies associated with hypoxia.

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Clinical Effects of Changshou Diet Combined with Bifidobacterium Triplet Enteric-soluble Capsule on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Diabetic Patients

10.47939/mh.v2i11.300 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

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THE LIPID METABOLISM IN YOUNG AND MEDIUM MEN AGE WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND RECURRENT EPISODES OF ISCHEMIA

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2021-23-6-66-72 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 66-72

Author(s):

Golikov A.V. ◽

Epifanov S.Yu. ◽

Reiza V.A.

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Total Serum ◽

Control Group ◽

Total Serum Cholesterol ◽

Study Group ◽

Type I ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Recurrent Myocardial Infarction

Relevance. Dyslipidemia is considered one of the main risk factors for the development of recurrent myocardial infarction and early postinfarction angina. Aim. To evaluate the features of lipid metabolism in acute and subacute myocardial infarction in men under 60 years old with recurrent episodes of ischemia (recurrent myocardial infarction and/or early postinfarction angina) to search for new approaches to improve prevention measures. Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I myocardial infarction. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with recurrent myocardial infarction - 68 patients; II - control, without it - 427 patients. A comparative assessment of lipid metabolism parameters and their dynamics in selected groups were performed. Results. The study group differed in higher levels of total serum cholesterol (6.17±1.78 mmol/l) from the control group (5.56±1.28 mmol/l; p=0.02) at the end of the third week of disease, its dynamics during the observation period (I: 9.1%; p<0.0001; II: -1.8%; p<0.0001) and the dynamics of the atherogenic coefficient (I: -4.7.1; p=0.02; II: 6.3%; p<0.0001). In both groups, the group showed an increase in lipoproteins of low (I: 33.1; p=0.02; II: 45.5%; p<0.0001) and very low density (I: 275.8; p=0,0004; II: 233.4%; p<0.0001), atherogenic indices, decrease: triglycerides (I: -31.8%; p=0.02; II: -1.7%; p<0.0001) and high-density lipoproteins (I: -0.6%; p=0.02; II: -6.1%; p<0.0001). Conclusions. The group with recurrent ischemia is characterized by more pronounced hypercholesterolemia at the end of the subacute period of myocardial infarction in comparison with the control group due to an increase in the concentrations of atherogenic lipid metabolism fractions. The dynamics of indices and the coefficient of atherogenicity during this period is multidirectional, which requires additional study.

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