THE EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH CORTICOTROPHIN OR TOGETHER WITH THE COMBINATION OF OESTRADIOL-17β AND TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE, IN ADULT RATS HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AT THE TIME OF VAGINAL CORNIFICATION

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (II) ◽  
pp. 242-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renzo Grattarola
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Cellular Polarity ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Thecal Cells ◽  
Uterine Mucosa ◽  
Vacuolated Cytoplasm

ABSTRACT Adult rats of the Long-Evans strain hypophysectomized at the time of vaginal cornification were treated with bovine pituitary growth hormone alone or in combination with varying doses of ACTH for 28 days. It was observed that growth hormone alone maintained the uterine weight at a level above that of the controls, and, in the ovaries, stimulated the thecal cells of the atretic follicles. These cells also were stimulated by periodate-treated growth hormone, which is considered to be completely free from any ICSH contamination. With the combination of growth hormone and ACTH, the uterine weight was higher than it was with growth hormone alone, and the uterine mucosa showed epithelial cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and proliferation of stromal cells. In the ovaries, the thecal cells of the atretic follicles were hypotrophic. In the absence of the adrenal glands, the uterine picture produced by the combination of these 2 hormones was no longer observed, and the thecal cells of the atretic follicles were again stimulated, as they were with growth hormone alone. The injection of oestradiol-17β (0.1 μg daily) in combination with testosterone propionate 2 mg daily) for 28 days to another group of rats, again hypophysectomized at the time of vaginal cornification, induced a cystic glandular hyperplasia in the uterus. The uterine epithelial cells, after this combined treatment, were abnormal, with enlarged nuclei and loss of cellular polarity. When growth hormone was injected together with * Present address: Istituto per lo studio e la cura dei tumori, Milano (Italy). the oestradiol-17β and testosterone propionate, a normal cellular pattern was observed in the uterine epithelium and the uterine weight was considerably higher than that obtained with the combination of oestradiol and testosterone propionate without the growth hormone.

EFFECT OF STEROID HORMONES ON OESTROGEN-INDUCED UTERINE GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELENE C. CECIL ◽  
J. BITMAN
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Multiple Doses ◽  
Ovariectomized Adult Rats

SUMMARY Uterine weight, water, glycogen and glucose responses were analysed for 96 hr. after a single dose or daily doses of oestradiol given to ovariectomized adult rats. Six hr. after a single dose of oestradiol the uterine glycogen concentration doubled, reached a maximum of 4 times the control value at 12 hr. and then declined during the 16–48 hr. period. The ability of cortisol, deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17-ethyl-19-nortestosterone (Nilevar) or testosterone propionate to inhibit these responses was determined at 6 hr. (the initial period of maximum oestrogen action) and at 24 hr. (period of uterine glycogenolysis). A single injection of the antagonist given at the same time as oestrogen had no effect on the 6 hr. glycogen response. Pretreatment with cortisol, progesterone or testosterone propionate for 3 days caused a 30–50% inhibition of the oestrogen-induced increase. Multiple doses of testosterone propionate by itself were glycogenic. Single doses of the compounds appeared to be more effective at 24 hr. Multiple doses of cortisol, deoxycorticosterone, progesterone and testosterone propionate inhibited the 24 hr. glycogen response to oestradiol by 30–50%.

THE ACTION OF GROWTH HORMONE IN COMBINATION WITH LACTOGENIC HORMONE OR INTERSTITIAL CELL-STIMULATING HORMONE (ICSH) IN THE OVARY AND UTERUS OF ADULT RATS HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AT TIME OF VAGINAL CORNIFICATION

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (II) ◽  
pp. 225-241
Author(s):  
Renzo Grattarola ◽  
Antonietta Somigli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Interstitial Cell ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Thecal Cells ◽  
Lactogenic Hormone ◽  
Hormonal Treatments

ABSTRACT Adult female rats of the Long-Evans strain were hypophysectomized at the time of vaginal cornification and treated for either 5 or 10 days with various pituitary hormones and their combinations. With these hormones, an attempt was made to reproduce the pattern of development of the ovarian follicles observed in adult normal rats at the time of vaginal mucification (prooestrus) and at the time of vaginal cornification. With the combination of growth hormone (100 μg) plus ICSH (100 μg). given daily for 10 days, the vesicular follicles in the ovary were increased in number and size, and degeneration of the medium-sized solid follicles occurred, as is observed in normal adult rats at the prooestrus stage of the ovarian cycle. With the combination of growth hormone (100 μg) and lactogenic hormone (100 μg), given daily for 5 days, the primordial follicles and follicles of small and medium size were numerous, with intact ova and membrana granulosa. This picture reproduces the follicular pattern that is observed at the time of vaginal cornification of adult normal rats. Growth hormone by itself stimulated the thecal cells of the atretic follicles, and this stimulation was enhanced when lactogenic hormone was injected in combination with the growth hormone. The uterine changes resulting from these various hormonal treatments are also described.

Early increase in pulsatile growth hormone release after unilateral nephrectomy in adult rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (4) ◽  
pp. F628-F632 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Haramati ◽  
M. D. Lumpkin ◽  
S. E. Mulroney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Renal Growth ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Compensatory Renal Growth ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Hypertrophic Response

Removal of one kidney results, within days, in accelerated growth of the remaining kidney. However, the mechanisms that underlie this compensatory renal hypertrophic response, particularly in the early time period following nephrectomy, are not understood. In this study we tested the hypothesis that removal of one kidney leads to a change in the pulsatile release of growth hormone (GH), which facilitates compensatory renal growth. Adult Wistar rats were implanted with Silastic cannulas in jugular veins and underwent either unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) or sham operation. Plasma levels of GH were determined 24 and 48 h after sham operation or UNX. Blood samples were taken every 20 min over a 6-h period from conscious, unrestrained animals. Pulsatile GH release was markedly elevated 24 h after UNX in both the amplitude of the surges as well as in the duration of release. Peak GH levels after 24 h were three- to fourfold higher in UNX rats compared with sham controls (417 +/- 75 vs. 119 +/- 23 ng/ml, P < 0.05). However, this enhanced release of GH appeared to be of short duration and began declining by 48 h post-UNX (peak level of 227 +/- 37 ng/ml, P < 0.05 vs. both 24 h UNX and sham controls). To examine whether this rise in GH release post-UNX contributed to the compensatory renal growth, rats underwent UNX and were immediately treated with an antagonist to GH-releasing factor (GRF-AN; i.e., [N-Ac-Tyr1,D-Arg2]GRF-(1-29) amide, 200 micrograms/kg twice daily), and the effects on GH release and renal growth were determined. Administration of GRF-AN significantly suppressed the increase in GH release post-UNX and was associated with a significant attenuation in renal growth 48 h post-UNX in GRF-AN-treated rats (8.7 +/- 2.6% vs. 22.7 +/- 3.0% in UNX controls, P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

OVARIAN SENSITIVITY TO OVULATORY STIMULI IN THE ANDROGEN-INDUCED PERSISTENT-OESTROUS RATS

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Anant P. Labhsetwar
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Postnatal Treatment ◽  
Small Doses

ABSTRACT The ovarian response of adult rats made persistent-oestrus by the postnatal treatment with testosterone propionate was examined by determining the number of ova shed in response to small doses of LH and/or FSH, and placental gonadotrophins (PMSG or HCG). A dose of LH (10 μg/rat) estimated to be equivalent to twice the minimal amount secreted for ovulation in normal rats failed to release a normal complement of ova. The same dose of FSH induced ovulation in 40% of rats with an ova count of 5.7 ± 1.8/rat. Both placental gonadotrophins induced ovulation, although the ova yield was significantly below the normal oestrous control. It is inferred from these findings that the ovarian sensitivity of androgen-sterilized rats is far below that of the normal animals despite the presence of numerous follicles in the ovaries of the persistent-oestrous rats.

OESTROGEN RESPONSES OF RATS NEONATALLY STERILIZED WITH STEROIDS

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. WRENN ◽  
JOAN R. WOOD ◽  
J. BITMAN
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

SUMMARY At 75 days of age, female rats neonatally sterilized with oestradiol benzoate or testosterone propionate were compared with normal and ovariectomized rats with regard to their 6-hr. response to 0·2 μg. oestradiol 17β. The greatest increases in uterine weight, glucose and glycogen concentrations and per cent uterine water occurred in the ovariectomized animals. A marked oestrogen response also occurred in the animals neonatally sterilized with oestradiol benzoate. The response of the normal rats was slight, and the testosterone propionate-treated rats were the least affected. Adrenal, pituitary, and ovarian weights were found to be affected by the neonatal hormone treatments. Vaginal patency was completely inhibited in the rats injected with testosterone propionate. It is concluded that rats neonatally sterilized with steroids are much less suitable than ovariectomized animals for oestrogen assays.

Specific binding sites for growth hormone in cultured mouse thymic epithelial cells

Life Sciences ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (22) ◽  
pp. 2141-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Ban ◽  
Marie-Claude Gagnerault ◽  
Hélène Jammes ◽  
Marie-Catherine Postel-Vinay ◽  
France Haour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Thymic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Specific Binding Sites

scholarly journals Selectivity in the transport of spermatozoa to oviductal reservoirs in the menstruating fruit bat, Carollia perspicillata

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Rasweiler ◽  
Nilima K Badwaik ◽  
Kiranmayi V Mechineni
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Carollia Perspicillata ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Uterine Mucosa ◽  
Luminal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Gain Access

To better document the timing of ovulation and fertilization, female reproductive tracts were collected every 12 h from captive-bred fruit bats (Carollia perspicillata) on days 1–3 postcoitum and examined histologically. This also permitted observations on sperm transport, storage, and disposition. As the animals had previously been sexually segregated, most had been cycling and possessed menstrual uteri at the time of collection. Menstruation is periovulatory in this species. A widespread, headfirst orientation of spermatozoa to the uterine mucosa was observed in specimens apparently collected soon after insemination. Thereafter, however, this relationship was limited in most cases to the area around the entrance of each uterotubal junction (UTJ). A small number of spermatozoa also colonized the UTJs, which functioned as temporary sperm reservoirs on days 1–2. AlthoughC. perspicillatais monovular, no consistent differences were observed between the two oviducts in the pattern of sperm storage and release. Very few sperm were ever observed in the isthmus or ampulla (the site of fertilization). Menstrual debris (including fine particulate matter) and leukocytes present in the uterine cavity in most tracts did not gain access to the UTJ with the spermatozoa. Smooth muscle and abundant elastic fibers in the wall of the intramural UTJ, as well as receptors on its luminal epithelial cells, may play roles in the selective transport of spermatozoa to the fertilization site. While some spermatozoa are phagocytosed in the uterine lumen or by epithelial cells in the UTJ, the fate of most is probably expulsion into the vagina.

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