EFFECT OF STEROID HORMONES ON OESTROGEN-INDUCED UTERINE GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELENE C. CECIL ◽  
J. BITMAN
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Multiple Doses ◽  
Ovariectomized Adult Rats

SUMMARY Uterine weight, water, glycogen and glucose responses were analysed for 96 hr. after a single dose or daily doses of oestradiol given to ovariectomized adult rats. Six hr. after a single dose of oestradiol the uterine glycogen concentration doubled, reached a maximum of 4 times the control value at 12 hr. and then declined during the 16–48 hr. period. The ability of cortisol, deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17-ethyl-19-nortestosterone (Nilevar) or testosterone propionate to inhibit these responses was determined at 6 hr. (the initial period of maximum oestrogen action) and at 24 hr. (period of uterine glycogenolysis). A single injection of the antagonist given at the same time as oestrogen had no effect on the 6 hr. glycogen response. Pretreatment with cortisol, progesterone or testosterone propionate for 3 days caused a 30–50% inhibition of the oestrogen-induced increase. Multiple doses of testosterone propionate by itself were glycogenic. Single doses of the compounds appeared to be more effective at 24 hr. Multiple doses of cortisol, deoxycorticosterone, progesterone and testosterone propionate inhibited the 24 hr. glycogen response to oestradiol by 30–50%.

AUGMENTATION BY CHLORMADINONE OF THE UTERINE WEIGHT RESPONSE TO HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN INTACT IMMATURE RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-454
Author(s):  
M. J. K. HARPER
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Orally Active ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY Administration of chlormadinone, an orally active progestational agent without significant oestrogenic activity, to intact immature female rats did not affect either ovarian or uterine weight significantly compared with controls. A single injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) caused a 73 % increase in uterine weight in 24 hr. over the control value. This dose significantly increased ovarian weight and although it caused some stimulation of follicular development, ovulation during this time did not occur. When animals were treated with chlormadinone for 8 days, and received HCG on the 8th day, uterine weight was 170% greater than in the controls and 56% greater than with HCG alone. The uterine weight produced was similar to that found in animals treated with mestranol, a potent oestrogen, and HCG. In ovariectomized animals HCG did not affect uterine weight, while the small increase produced by chlormadinone was unaltered when HCG also was given. Mechanisms are discussed by which this augmentation of the uterine response to HCG might be produced. It seems most likely that chlormadinone administration causes storage of endogenous gonadotrophin in the pituitary, and that the exogenous gonadotrophin acts as the 'trigger' for the release of stored hormone, probably by a direct action on the hypothalamus.

THE EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH CORTICOTROPHIN OR TOGETHER WITH THE COMBINATION OF OESTRADIOL-17β AND TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE, IN ADULT RATS HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AT THE TIME OF VAGINAL CORNIFICATION

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (II) ◽  
pp. 242-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renzo Grattarola
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Cellular Polarity ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Thecal Cells ◽  
Uterine Mucosa ◽  
Vacuolated Cytoplasm

ABSTRACT Adult rats of the Long-Evans strain hypophysectomized at the time of vaginal cornification were treated with bovine pituitary growth hormone alone or in combination with varying doses of ACTH for 28 days. It was observed that growth hormone alone maintained the uterine weight at a level above that of the controls, and, in the ovaries, stimulated the thecal cells of the atretic follicles. These cells also were stimulated by periodate-treated growth hormone, which is considered to be completely free from any ICSH contamination. With the combination of growth hormone and ACTH, the uterine weight was higher than it was with growth hormone alone, and the uterine mucosa showed epithelial cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and proliferation of stromal cells. In the ovaries, the thecal cells of the atretic follicles were hypotrophic. In the absence of the adrenal glands, the uterine picture produced by the combination of these 2 hormones was no longer observed, and the thecal cells of the atretic follicles were again stimulated, as they were with growth hormone alone. The injection of oestradiol-17β (0.1 μg daily) in combination with testosterone propionate 2 mg daily) for 28 days to another group of rats, again hypophysectomized at the time of vaginal cornification, induced a cystic glandular hyperplasia in the uterus. The uterine epithelial cells, after this combined treatment, were abnormal, with enlarged nuclei and loss of cellular polarity. When growth hormone was injected together with * Present address: Istituto per lo studio e la cura dei tumori, Milano (Italy). the oestradiol-17β and testosterone propionate, a normal cellular pattern was observed in the uterine epithelium and the uterine weight was considerably higher than that obtained with the combination of oestradiol and testosterone propionate without the growth hormone.

A STUDY OF THE ACTION OF MIROESTROL AND OTHER OESTROGENS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF THE IMMATURE FEMALE MOUSE

1960 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. H. JONES ◽  
G. S. POPE
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Female Mouse ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Uterine Lumen ◽  
Multiple Doses

SUMMARY 1. Assay of the potency of the recently isolated plant oestrogen, miroestrol, shows that when given subcutaneously in multiple doses it is as potent as oestradiol-17β, and orally more than three times as potent as stilboestrol in producing an increase in uterine weight in the immature female mouse. 2. In the immature female mouse given a single injection of oestrogens, the route of administration influences the magnitude, the latent period, and the duration of the responses in the reproductive tract. In general, the oestrogens act most efficiently on the uterus and vagina when they are given intraperitoneally instead of subcutaneously. It is suggested that this is because there is less chance of absorption rates and metabolism in the animal influencing the oestrogen introduced intraperitoneally. 3. The activity of miroestrol by single injection is described and compared with that of oestriol, oestradiol-17β and stilboestrol. It is at least as effective as oestradiol-17β and stilboestrol in promoting uterine and vaginal growth, and in increasing the amount of fluid which can be expressed from the uterine lumen by gentle pressing.

Clomiphene citrate induces pituitary GnRH receptors in ovariectomized rats: its possible role in induction of ovulation

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuya Shimizu ◽  
Naoki Terakawa ◽  
Toshihiro Aono ◽  
Osamu Tanizawa ◽  
Keishi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Gnrh Receptors ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Lh Release

Abstract. Since our previous studies have shown that clomiphene citrate (clomiphene) acts directly on the pituitary gland and exerts a facilitatory role on oestradiol-17β (E2)-induced LH surge in chronically ovariectomized rats, the effect of clomiphene on pituitary GnRH receptors was investigated. A single ip injection of either 5 μg E2 or 200 μg clomiphene did not induce LH release in adult rats ovariectomized 1–2 weeks before the injection. However, a significant increase in serum LH was noted 24 h after a single injection of E2 in the ovariectomized rats, if clomiphene was pre-injected 48 h before the E2 injection. The content of pituitary GnRH receptors in the ovariectomized rats (62 ± 9 fmol/pituitary) remained almost unchanged until 24 h after a single injection of clomiphene but significantly increased 48 h after the injection (105 ± 13 fmol/pituitary) without any alterations in the affinity for GnRH. To determine steroid specificity for the increase in pituitary GnRH receptors, other classes of steroids were injected in the ovariectomized rats. A single dose of E2 increased GnRH receptors, but either progesterone or 5α-dihydrotestosterone failed to show any effect on the level of GnRH receptors. These results suggest that clomiphene may augment oestrogen-induced pre-ovulatory LH surge in anovulatory women, at least in part by increasing the number of pituitary GnRH receptors.

ENZYME ACTIVITY IN KIDNEY, ADRENAL AND GONADAL TISSUE OF RATS TREATED NEONATALLY WITH ANDROGEN OR OESTROGEN

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. GHRAF ◽  
H.-G. HOFF ◽  
E. R. LAX ◽  
H. SCHRIEFERS
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

SUMMARY A single injection of 300 μg oestradiol benzoate (OEB) or 1·25 mg testosterone propionate (TP) on day 1 of life led to significant changes in the activity of enzymes involved in steroid hormone metabolism in kidney, adrenal and gonadal tissues of adult rats. In the kidney, the enzyme activities of male rats reacted to OEB, but not TP, by the development of normal female levels. With one exception the enzyme activities of the kidney of female rats did not respond to either steroid. In the adrenal of both sexes 5α-reductase reacted to OEB, but not TP treatment, by a fourfold increase in activity. In the ovary all the enzymes investigated responded both to OEB and TP treatment by a fall in activity; 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity fell to undetectable levels. In the testis, OEB and TP treatment led to contrasting effects. With the exception of 5α-reductase all the enzymes tested in this organ responded to OEB by a rise in activity. Where TP had any effect, it produced a slight decrease in activity.

THE »EARLY-ANDROGEN« SYNDROME; ITS DEVELOPMENT AND THE RESPONSE TO HEMI-SPAYING

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Swanson ◽  
J. J. van der Werff ten Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Transition Stage ◽  
Adult Females

ABSTRACT The »early-androgen« syndrome in the rat – i. e. anovulatory ovaries in adult females after a single injection of testosterone propionate (TP) within a week of birth – may not become apparent until some time after the attainment of sexual maturity. Large doses (50 or 100 μg) of TP were effective earlier than lower doses (5 or 10 μg). Rats which received 5 μg TP were ovulating at 10 weeks of age, mated but were infertile at 13 weeks of age, and were anovulatory at 21 weeks. In rats between 10 and 13 weeks old there was a marked fall in the number of corpora lutea in the ovaries of animals which had been given 5 μg TP. Hemi-spaying was followed by compensatory growth of the remaining ovary which consisted of corpora lutea in ovulating, and of follicles in anovulatory rats; little or no compensatory weight increase occurred in animals which seemed to be in the transition stage from the ovulatory to the anovulatory condition.

STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF DECIDUALIZATION. I.

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Shelesnyak ◽  
Peretz F. Kraicer ◽  
Gerard H. Zeilmaker
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Single Injection

ABSTRACT The concept of an oestrogen surge as a prerequisite for successful decidualization of the progravid uterus and consequently nidation in the rat was tested. Experiments were designed to see whether administration of an oestrogen antagonist at specific times would block decidualization (and nidation); whether the ovary was the source of the oestrogen, and whether a single dose of oestrogen, in the absence of the ovary (if the ovary is the source) would allow the uterus to respond to a decidualizing stimulus. It was found that when given prior to the surge, the oestrogen antagonist prevented decidualization and interfered with nidation. The ovary is thus the source of the oestrogen; and a single injection of oestradiol can act as a substitute for the surge.

scholarly journals The Influence of a Knitted Hydrophilic Prosthesis of Blood Vessels on the Activation of Coagulation System—In Vitro Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1600
Author(s):  
Maria Szymonowicz ◽  
Maciej Dobrzynski ◽  
Sara Targonska ◽  
Agnieszka Rusak ◽  
Zbigniew Rybak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vascular Prosthesis ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Vascular Prostheses ◽  
Control Value

The replacement of affected blood vessels of the polymer material can cause imbalances in the blood haemostatic system. Changes in blood after the implantation of vascular grafts depend not only on the chemical composition but also on the degree of surface wettability. The Dallon® H unsealed hydrophilic knitted vascular prosthesis double velour was assessed at work and compare with hydrophobic vascular prosthesis Dallon®. Spectrophotometric studies were performed in the infrared and differential scanning calorimetry, which confirmed the effectiveness of the process of modifying vascular prostheses. Determination of the parameters of coagulation time of blood after contact in vitro with Dallon® H vascular prosthesis was also carried out. Prolongation of activated thromboplastin time, decreased activity of factor XII, IX and VIII, were observed. The prolonged thrombin and fibrinogen were reduced in the initial period of the experiment. The activity of plasminogen and antithrombin III and protein C were at the level of control value. The observed changes in the values of determined parameters blood coagulation do not exceed the range of referential values for those indexes. The observed changes are the result of considerable blood absorptiveness by the prosthesis of blood vessels and their sealing.

OVARIAN SENSITIVITY TO OVULATORY STIMULI IN THE ANDROGEN-INDUCED PERSISTENT-OESTROUS RATS

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Anant P. Labhsetwar
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Postnatal Treatment ◽  
Small Doses

ABSTRACT The ovarian response of adult rats made persistent-oestrus by the postnatal treatment with testosterone propionate was examined by determining the number of ova shed in response to small doses of LH and/or FSH, and placental gonadotrophins (PMSG or HCG). A dose of LH (10 μg/rat) estimated to be equivalent to twice the minimal amount secreted for ovulation in normal rats failed to release a normal complement of ova. The same dose of FSH induced ovulation in 40% of rats with an ova count of 5.7 ± 1.8/rat. Both placental gonadotrophins induced ovulation, although the ova yield was significantly below the normal oestrous control. It is inferred from these findings that the ovarian sensitivity of androgen-sterilized rats is far below that of the normal animals despite the presence of numerous follicles in the ovaries of the persistent-oestrous rats.

METABOLISM OF 20β-HYDROXY-4-PREGNEN-3-ONE IN UTERINE TISSUE OF NON-PREGNANT RATS IN VITRO

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Lisboa ◽  
M. Holtermann
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Progesterone Metabolites ◽  
Ovariectomized Adult Rats

ABSTRACT In vitro experiments carried out with uterus preparations of ovariectomized adult rats indicate the presence in this tissue of a 20β-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductase which catalyzes the conversion of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one to progesterone. Since a hepatic 20β-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductase is absent in adult female rats, the myometrial enzyme can be responsible for the biological activity of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one in these animals. Besides progesterone five metabolites were isolated and identified after incubation of [4-14C]20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one with uterine tissue: 20β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-3-one, 20β-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-3-one, 5α-pregnane-3α,20β-diol, 4-pregnene-3α,20β-diol and 4-pregnene-3β,20β-diol. The conversion of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one to progesterone permits us to regard all five steroids isolated as progesterone metabolites in the rat uterus. 20β-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-3-one is the first C21-metabolite with a 5β(H)-configuration isolated in the rat uterus, which indicates the presence of 5β-reductase in this tissue.

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