scholarly journals Inducible Wnt16 inactivation: WNT16 regulates cortical bone thickness in adult mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 237 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes Ohlsson ◽  
Petra Henning ◽  
Karin H Nilsson ◽  
Jianyao Wu ◽  
Karin L Gustafsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Vertebral Fracture Risk ◽  
Old Mice

Substantial progress has been made in the therapeutic reduction of vertebral fracture risk in patients with osteoporosis, but non-vertebral fracture risk has been improved only marginally. Human genetic studies demonstrate that the WNT16 locus is a major determinant of cortical bone thickness and non-vertebral fracture risk and mouse models with life-long Wnt16 inactivation revealed that WNT16 is a key regulator of cortical thickness. These studies, however, could not exclude that the effect of Wnt16 inactivation on cortical thickness might be caused by early developmental and/or growth effects. To determine the effect of WNT16 specifically on adult cortical bone homeostasis, Wnt16 was conditionally ablated in young adult and old mice through tamoxifen-inducible Cre-mediated recombination using CAG-Cre-ER; Wnt16flox/flox (Cre-Wnt16flox/flox) mice. First, 10-week-old Cre-Wnt16flox/flox and Wnt16flox/flox littermate control mice were treated with tamoxifen. Four weeks later, Wnt16 mRNA levels in cortical bone were reduced and cortical thickness in femur was decreased in Cre-Wnt16flox/flox mice compared to Wnt16flox/flox mice. Then, inactivation of Wnt16 in 47-week-old mice (evaluated four weeks later) resulted in a reduction of Wnt16 mRNA levels, cortical thickness and cortical bone strength with no effect on trabecular bone volume fraction. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the reduced cortical bone thickness was caused by a combination of increased bone resorption and reduced periosteal bone formation. In conclusion, WNT16 is a crucial regulator of cortical bone thickness in young adult and old mice. We propose that new treatment strategies targeting the adult regulation of WNT16 might be useful to reduce fracture risk at cortical bone sites.

scholarly journals Bone Density and Cortical Thickness in Normal, Osteopenic, and Osteoporotic Sacra

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Richards ◽  
Nathan W. Coleman ◽  
Trevor A. Knight ◽  
Stephen M. Belkoff ◽  
Simon C. Mears
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Insufficiency Fractures ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Local Reduction ◽  
Sacral Insufficiency Fractures

It is unclear if a decrease in cancellous bone density or cortical bone thickness is related to sacral insufficiency fractures. We hypothesized that reduction in overall bone density leads to local reductions in bone density and cortical thickness in cadaveric sacra that match clinically observed fracture patterns in patients with sacral insufficiency fractures. We used quantitative computed tomography to measure cancellous density and cortical thickness in multiple areas of normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic sacra. Cancellous bone density was significantly lower in osteoporotic specimens in the central and anterior regions of the sacral ala compared with other regions of these specimens. Cortical thickness decreased uniformly in all regions of osteopenic and osteoporotic specimens. These results support our hypothesis that areas of the sacrum where sacral insufficiency fractures often occur have significantly larger decreases in cancellous bone density; however, they do not support the hypothesis that these areas have local reduction of cortical bone thickness.

scholarly journals WNT16 Influences Bone Mineral Density, Cortical Bone Thickness, Bone Strength, and Osteoporotic Fracture Risk

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e1002745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou-Feng Zheng ◽  
Jon H. Tobias ◽  
Emma Duncan ◽  
David M. Evans ◽  
Joel Eriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Osteoporotic Fracture ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness

scholarly journals Evaluation of mandibular inferior cortical bone thickness using panoramic radiographs in edentulous and dentate cases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Derafshi ◽  
Janan Ghapanchi ◽  
Mitra Farzin ◽  
Abdolaziz Haghnegahdar ◽  
Maryam Zahed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Osteoporosis is a disease of the bone structure which has many outcomes for the patient. Tooth loss and failure of implant placement can be related to this disorder in the jaw bones which is shown by the reduction of mandibular inferior cortical thickness. The aim of this study is to find a relationship between mandibular inferior cortical thickness using panoramic radiographs and tooth existence. Methods: A total of 57 panoramic views of complete edentulous patients and 164 partial edentulous cases were evaluated and compared to 117 dentate age and sex matched subjects. Mandibular cortical thickness was measured on 3 reference points (below the mental foramen (S1), estimated position of the first molar (S2) estimated position of the third molar (S3)) on both left and right sides using marking gauge in Agfa program. Results: Data revealed that cortical bone thickness was significantly reduced in older patients (P=0.031). The final value of the three measurements of the mandibular border thickness was 2.3128mm ± 0.74840 in the right side (RS) and 2.407±0.802 mm in the left side (LS) for the complete edentulous group, 2.9026± 0.7513 mm in RS and 2.9976 ±1.06769 in LS for partial edentulous group and 2.8709± 0.6263 in RS and 2.9812 ±0.83081 in LS for the dentate cases. Complete edentulous cases and partial edentulous cases that had lost posterior teeth had no significant difference in cortical thickness, but both groups had a significant thinner cortical width compared to dentate subjects (P= 0.001 and P=0.002). But lack of anterior teeth did not have the same effect compared to dentate individuals (P=0.929). Conclusions: The present study demonstrates a significant relationship between tooth loss in the posterior region and reduction of inferior mandibular border which is a value of osteoporosis. Anterior tooth loss however does not have the same effect. Dentist and physicians should be in close contact in such patients to avoid further tooth loss and also diagnose this chronic disease in earlier stages.

scholarly journals Influence of the growth pattern on cortical bone thickness and mini-implant stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Carolina Carmo de Menezes ◽  
Sérgio Estelita Barros ◽  
Diego Luiz Tonello ◽  
Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo ◽  
Daniela Garib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT Introduction: Controversial reports suggest a relationship between growth pattern and cortical alveolar bone thickness, and its effect in the use of mini-implants. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the growth pattern on the cortical alveolar bone thickness and on the stability and success rate of mini-implants. Methods: Fifty-six mini-implants were inserted in the buccal region of the maxilla of 30 patients. These patients were allocated into two groups, based on their growth pattern (horizontal group [HG] and vertical group [VG]). Cortical thickness was measured using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Stability of mini-implants, soft tissue in the insertion site, sensitivity during loading and plaque around the mini-implants were evaluated once a month. Intergroup comparisons were performed using t tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and Fisher exact tests. Correlations were evaluated with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The cortical bone thickness was significantly greater in the HG at the maxillary labial anterior region and at the mandibular buccal posterior and labial anterior regions. There was a significant negative correlation between Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA) and the labial cortical thickness of the maxilla, and with the labial and lingual cortical bone thicknesses of the mandible. No significant intergroup difference was found for mini-implant mobility and success rate. No associated factor influenced stability of the mini-implants. Conclusions: Growth pattern affects the alveolar bone cortical thickness in specific areas of the maxilla and mandible, with horizontal patients presenting greater cortical bone thickness. However, this fact may have no influence on the stability and success rate of mini-implants in the maxillary buccal posterior region.

scholarly journals Zygomatic-maxillary cortical bone thickness in hyper, normo and hypodivergent patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julyano Vieira da COSTA ◽  
Adilson L. RAMOS ◽  
Liogi IWAKI FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Skeletal Pattern

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the thickness of the zygomatic-maxillary cortical bone using computed tomography in different skeletal patterns. Methods: A total of 54 patients of both sexes, divided into three groups according to the vertical skeletal pattern, were evaluated for cortical bone thickness of the anterior slope of the zygomatic process of the maxilla, using cone beam computed tomography. Measurements were made at 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm and 10mm above from first molar mesial root apex. Vertical skeletal pattern was determined by Frankfurt mandibular angle (FMA). Results: The hyperdivergent pattern had the lowest cortical thickness value, nevertheless, no patient in the hyperdivergent group presented cortical thickness exceeding 2mm, and no patient in the hypodivergent group presented cortical thickness less than 1mm. However, the correlation between cortical thickness and mandibular plane angle was weak and not significant. Conclusion: Although higher prevalence of thick cortical was observed in the hypodivergent patients, and thin cortical groups in the hyperdivergent group, the vertical skeletal pattern could not be used as determinant of the zygomatic-maxillary cortical thickness.

scholarly journals Protective effects of honey by bees (Apis dorsata) on decreased cortical thickness and bone impact strength of ovariohysterectomized rats as models for menopause

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 868-876
Author(s):  
Ira Sari Yudaniayanti ◽  
Hardany Primarizky ◽  
Lianny Nangoi ◽  
Gandul Atik Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Apis Dorsata ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness

Aim: This study aimed to determine the potential of honey as anti-osteoporosis by evaluating its effectiveness in increasing bone impact strength and cortical thickness, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. Materials and Methods: Forty-five female rats at 3 months of age, weighing 150-200 g were used in the study. They were placed in individual cages and adapted to food and environment for 10 days. On the 11th day, after the animals were adapted for 10 days, the animals were randomly divided into five treatment groups (n=9): Sham operation group (SH); ovariohysterectomized (OVX) group with no treatment; OVX with treatment Apis dorsata 1 g/kg BW (AD-1); OVX with treatment A. dorsata 2 g/kg BW (AD-2); and OVX with treatment A. dorsata 4 g/kg BW (AD-3). Furthermore, those nine rats in each treatment group were divided into three groups. Three of them were observed at months 1st, 2nd, and 3rd so that in each observation taken three rats in each treatment group. At the end of the study, the rats were euthanized and necropsy for taking their second femoral bone, i.e. dexter region for examining their bone impact strength, while the sinister region was used for measure the cortical thickness of the femoral diaphysis and examining their bone microarchitecture using SEM analysis. Results: Based on results of the ANOVA test, the cortical thickness measurements of femoral diaphyseal can be seen that from month 1 to month 3 the lowest result was found in the group of rats that were OVX-I. Meanwhile, the highest result was found in the group of rats that were not OVX (SH-III). It was significantly different from the other treatment groups (p<0.05). The groups of rats were OVX with honey supplementation at doses of 2 g/kg BW had shown an increasing pattern in the cortical bone thickness from month 1 to month 3. Even on the observation of the 3rd month, the cortical bone thickness in the AD-2 (AD-2-III) group was not significantly different (p>0.05) from that in the group of rats was not OVX in month 1 (SH-I). The results of the bone impact strength measurement from month 1 to month 3 indicated that the groups of rats were OVX without the administration of honey supplements had the lowest value. The highest bone impact strength was found in the group of rats that was not OVX, but not significantly different (p>0.05) with the groups of rats that were OVX administered honey supplement with a dose of 2 g/kg BW (AD-2) and 4 g/kg BW (AD-3). Conclusion: The supplement of honey A. dorsata at doses of 2 g/kg BW in the group of rats was that OVX can inhibit the decreasing of the cortical bone thickness and repair damage in microarchitecture to generate bone impact strength. As a result, bones are not easily broken.

Trabecular and Cortical Bone in the Assessment of Vertebral Fracture Risk

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Russo ◽  
F. Lauretani ◽  
B. Bartali ◽  
L. Ferrucci
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Vertebral Fracture Risk
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