scholarly journals Gut microbiome, endocrine control of gut barrier function and metabolic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. X1
Author(s):  
Marion Régnier ◽  
Matthias Van Hul ◽  
Claude Knauf ◽  
Patrice D Cani
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

scholarly journals Gut microbiome, endocrine control of gut barrier function and metabolic diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Régnier ◽  
Matthias Van Hul ◽  
Claude Knauf ◽  
Patrice D Cani
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Overweight and obesity are associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, low-grade inflammation and liver diseases. The gut microbiota is a potential contributing factor regulating energy balance. However, although the scientific community acknowledges that the gut microbiota composition and its activity (e.g., production of metabolites and immune-related compounds) are different between healthy subjects and subjects with overweight/obesity, the causality remains insufficiently demonstrated. The development of low-grade inflammation and related metabolic disorders has been connected with metabolic endotoxaemia and increased gut permeability. However, the mechanisms acting on the regulation of the gut barrier and eventually cardiometabolic disorders are not fully elucidated. In this review, we debate several characteristics of the gut microbiota, gut barrier function and metabolic outcomes. We examine the role of specific dietary compounds or nutrients (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols, sweeteners, and a fructose-rich diet) as well as different metabolites produced by the microbiota in host metabolism, and we discuss how they control several endocrine functions and eventually have either beneficial or deleterious effects on host health.

scholarly journals Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, and Barrier Function in A Patient with Anorexia Nervosa after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prochazkova ◽  
Roubalova ◽  
Dvorak ◽  
Tlaskalova-Hogenova ◽  
Cermakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

The change in the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in a patient suffering from severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (AN) and diagnosed with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SIBO) was investigated. Microbial gut dysbiosis is associated with both AN and SIBO, and therefore gut microbiome changes by serial fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a possible therapeutic modality. This study assessed the effects of FMT on gut barrier function, microbiota composition, and the levels of bacterial metabolic products. The patient treatment with FMT led to the improvement of gut barrier function, which was altered prior to FMT. Very low bacterial alpha diversity, a lack of beneficial bacteria, together with a great abundance of fungal species were observed in the patient stool sample before FMT. After FMT, both bacterial species richness and gut microbiome evenness increased in the patient, while the fungal alpha diversity decreased. The total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels (molecules presenting an important source of energy for epithelial gut cells) gradually increased after FMT. Contrarily, one of the most abundant intestinal neurotransmitters, serotonin, tended to decrease throughout the observation period. Overall, gut microbial dysbiosis improvement after FMT was considered. However, there were no signs of patient clinical improvement. The need for an in-depth analysis of the donor´s stool and correct selection pre-FMT is evident.

scholarly journals Gut Barrier Function Is Improved in Infants Colonized by Bifidobacterium Longum Subsp. Infantis EVC001 (FS04-05-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Casaburi ◽  
Sercan Karav ◽  
Steve Frese ◽  
Bethany Henrick
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Colonic Mucin ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Gut Epithelium

Abstract Objectives The gut epithelium is single-celled barrier that employs many different mechanisms that together provide the first line of defense to physically separate the gut epithelium from our gut microbiome. Notably, the epithelial barrier is protected by a mucin layer providing a physical barrier limiting pathogen access to the epithelial monolayer. We sought to assess how changes in the gut microbiome resulting from colonization by a single strain of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001 could alter gut barrier function. Methods Fecal samples from this trial were assessed for: (1) endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) concentration; (2) functional contributions to the gut microbiome by shotgun metagenome sequencing; and (3) fecal glycan profiles by mass spectrometry to assess gut epithelial barrier integrity via breakdown of colonic mucin glycoproteins. Results Colonization with Bifidobacterium, including B. infantis EVC001, showed a significant four-fold reduction in fecal endoxtoxin levels and reductions in fecal inflammatory markers (P < 0.05). Shotgun metagenomics identified LPS-producing Enterobacteriaceae as the most significant contributor of virulence factors in the infant gut metagenome. These bacteria (primarily E. coli and Klebsiella spp.) were also significantly correlated with both mucolytic bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides) and the signatures of mucin breakdown, as assessed by mass spectrometric quantification of colonic mucin-derived glycans. Five different colonic-mucin specific glycans (3_1_1_0, 2_1_2_0, 2_1_1_1, 2_1_1_0, and 1_1_0_1) were significantly associated with microbiome composition (P < 0.05). Overall mucin glycans were inversely correlated with Bifidobacteriaceae abundance (Spearman's rho −0.66, FDR-corrected P value 0.04). Conclusions Complex interactions between the degradation of gut barrier function (e.g., mucin), the production of pro-inflammatory endotoxins, and the risk of infection by these bacteria coming in close contact with the gut epithelium suggest that B. infantis EVC001 can play a role in reducing these combined risks for neonates. Funding Sources This work was funded by Evolve Biosystems, Inc.

scholarly journals A single alcohol binge impacts on neutrophil function without changes in gut barrier function and gut microbiome composition in healthy volunteers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e0211703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Stadlbauer ◽  
Angela Horvath ◽  
Irina Komarova ◽  
Bianca Schmerboeck ◽  
Nicole Feldbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

scholarly journals Increased Akkermansia abundance is associated with increased colonic mucosal ω-3 fatty acids and decreased colonic mucosal PGE2 concentrations following healthy dietary pattern interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara Rifkin ◽  
Ananda Sen ◽  
Danielle Kim Turgeon ◽  
Rena Chan ◽  
Mack Ruffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Increased Risk

Both increased dietary intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and subsequent increases in colonic mucosal ω-3 PUFA concentrations have been linked to improved gut barrier function and decreased risks of metabolic diseases and cancer. In addition, increased dietary ω-3 PUFA has been linked to eubiosis in mouse studies. Increased ω-3 PUFA function in part to reduce cyclooxygenase-(COX) mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, a biomarker of cancer risk linked to compromised gut barrier function. We analyzed data from a dietary intervention study in individuals at increased risk of colon cancer to determine whether changes in the mucosal microbiome composition were associated with changes in colonic mucosal ω-3/ ω-6 PUFA ratio. Microbiome analyses of colonic biopsies before and after the dietary intervention from 86 participants were done by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate further whether changes in Akkermansia was associated with changes in each colonic tissue variable: ω-3/ω-6 PUFA ratios, PGE2 concentrations, and expression of COX-1 and COX-2. The median dietary intake and mucosal ω-3/ω-6 PUFA ratio increased after intervention. Greater increases in mucosal ω-3/ω-6 PUFA ratios after intervention were significantly associated with several changes in taxon abundance, including increased Akkermansia muciniphilia relative abundance. An increased abundance of Akkermansia muciniphilia also was associated significantly with decreased PGE2 concentrations but not with changes in COX expression. Further studies are warranted to elucidate mechanisms by which Akkermansia may affect or is affected by these pathways and the relative importance of individual dietary components.

scholarly journals Imbalance of gut microbiome and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with high blood pressure

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungbum Kim ◽  
Ruby Goel ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Yanfei Qi ◽  
Gil Lobaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Junction Protein

Recent evidence indicates a link between gut pathology and microbiome with hypertension (HTN) in animal models. However, whether this association exists in humans is unknown. Thus, our objectives in the present study were to test the hypotheses that high blood pressure (BP) patients have distinct gut microbiomes and that gut–epithelial barrier function markers and microbiome composition could predict systolic BP (SBP). Fecal samples, analyzed by shotgun metagenomics, displayed taxonomic and functional changes, including altered butyrate production between patients with high BP and reference subjects. Significant increases in plasma of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and augmented gut-targetting proinflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells in high BP patients demonstrated increased intestinal inflammation and permeability. Zonulin, a gut epithelial tight junction protein regulator, was markedly elevated, further supporting gut barrier dysfunction in high BP. Zonulin strongly correlated with SBP (R2 = 0.5301, P<0.0001). Two models predicting SBP were built using stepwise linear regression analysis of microbiome data and circulating markers of gut health, and validated in a separate cohort by prediction of SBP from zonulin in plasma (R2 = 0.4608, P<0.0001). The mouse model of HTN, chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion, was used to confirm the effects of butyrate and gut barrier function on the cardiovascular system and BP. These results support our conclusion that intestinal barrier dysfunction and microbiome function are linked to HTN in humans. They suggest that manipulation of gut microbiome and its barrier functions could be the new therapeutic and diagnostic avenues for HTN.

Bofutsushosan Improves Gut Barrier Function with a Bloom of Akkermansia Muciniphila and Improves Glucose Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1990-P ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIHO FUJISAKA ◽  
ISAO USUI ◽  
ALLAH NAWAZ ◽  
YOSHIKO IGARASHI ◽  
TOMONOBU KADO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Gut barrier function in the surgical patient

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1668-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

scholarly journals The Mucus Layer is Critical in Protecting Against Ischemia-Reperfusion-Mediated Gut Injury and in the Restitution of Gut Barrier Function

Shock ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofa Qin ◽  
Sharvil U. Sheth ◽  
Susan M. Sharpe ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
Qi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Gut Barrier Function
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