scholarly journals Ovary and uterus transplantation

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger G Gosden
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Uterus Transplantation ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
Uterine Transplantation ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Practicable Method

Ovarian and uterine transplantation are procedures gaining more attention again because of potential applications in respectively fertility preservation for cancer and other patients and, more tentatively, women with uterine agenesis or hysterectomy. Cryopreservation of tissue slices, and possibly whole organs, is providing opportunities for banking ovaries for indefinite periods before transplanting them back to restore fertility. The natural plasticity of this organ facilitates grafting to different sites where they can be revascularized and rapidly restore the normal physiology of secretion and ovulation. Ischemic damage is a chief limitation because many follicles are lost, at least in avascular grafts, and functional longevity is reduced. Nevertheless, grafts of young ovarian tissue, even after cryopreservation, can be highly fertile in laboratory rodents and, in humans, autografts have functioned for up to 3 years before needing replacement. Transplantation by vascular anastomosis provides potentially longer function but it is technically much more demanding and riskier for the recipient. It is the only practicable method with the uterus, and has enabled successful pregnancies in several species, but not yet in humans. Contrary to claims made many years ago, neither organ is privileged immunologically, and allografts become rapidly rejected except in hosts whose immune system is deficient or suppressed pharmacologically. All in all, transplantation of these organs, especially the ovary, provides a broad platform of opportunities for research and new applications in reproductive medicine and conservation biology.

scholarly journals Ethical and policy issues raised by uterus transplants

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura O’Donovan ◽  
Nicola Jane Williams ◽  
Stephen Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Uterus Transplantation ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
International Registry ◽  
Uterine Transplantation ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Surgical Teams ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Introduction In 2014, Brännström and colleagues reported the first human live birth following uterine transplantation (UTx). Research into this treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility has since grown with clinical trials currently taking place across centers in at least thirteen countries worldwide. Sources of data This review summarizes and critiques the academic literature on ethical and policy issues raised by UTx. Areas of agreement There is general agreement on the importance of risk reduction and, in principle, to the sharing and maintenance of patient data on an international registry. Areas of controversy There are numerous areas of controversy ranging from whether it is ethically justified to carry out uterus transplants at all (considering the associated health risks) to how deceased donor organs for transplant should be allocated. This review focuses on three key issues: the choice between deceased and living donors, ensuring valid consent to the procedure and access to treatment. Growing points UTx is presently a novel and rare procedure but is likely to become more commonplace in the foreseeable future, given the large number of surgical teams working on it worldwide. Areas timely for developing research Uterus transplantation requires us to re-examine fundamental questions about the ethical and social value of gestation. If eventually extended to transgender women or even to men, it may also require us to reconceptualize what it is to be a ‘father’ or to be a ‘mother’, and the definition of these terms in law.

scholarly journals The Role of Bio-Extracted Reduced Graphene Oxide in the Crystallization Kinetics of Chitosan Bio-Polymer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Solomon L Joseph ◽  
◽  
Agumba O John ◽  
Fanuel M Keheze ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Applications

Carbon nanomaterials have recently attracted wide scientific applications due to their tunable properties. These novel materials act as best fillers that can provide substantial benefits due to their high strength, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivities. With their huge applications as bulk materials, when implemented in polymer matrix as fillers, they give rise to new promising materials with which their properties can be tuned to suit a particular application. Besides the development of these new nanocomposite materials, there exist some challenges which must be fully surpassed to explore the potentiality of application of carbon-based nanocomposites. Reduced graphene oxide is one of the carbon derivatives which has attracted the current advancement in technology, and recently, it found its new applications in super capacitors used in electronic industries. The limiting factor for its exploration is the affordability. New and affordable sources of these graphene-based nanomaterial have to be devised, for fully realization of their potential applications. In this study, reduced graphene oxide and the bio-polymer chitosan were extracted from the locally available bio waste materials. Nanocomposites were prepared at 50% rGO: chitosan ratio. The films were then prepared by spin coating method. Prepared films were subjected to morphological analysis. From the results, it was observed that rGO induced chitosan crystallization, which led to formation of dendritic structures. Cellulose nanocrystals have thus displayed temperature dependent positive uniaxial birefringence

scholarly journals NEW HISTOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE DEMONSTRATION OF TISSUE OXIDASE (CYTOCHROME OXIDASE)

1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. BURSTONE
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Open Chain ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Naphthoic Acid ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Cadmium Lead

A group of complex naphthols, as well as open chain and cyclic methylene compounds, were found to be useful new reagents for the demonstration of tissue oxidase in conjunction with N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine. The methylene compounds constitute a new class of histochemical reagents. N-alkyl amines (e.g. N,N-dimethyl arylamines) are toxic to the enzyme and are to be avoided. Complex amines are inhibitory and are likewise not recommended. As with the original "Nadi" technique, the reaction was inhibited by cyanide, azide, and sulfide. The distribution of staining in tissues was essentially identical with all reagents. Although the reaction was augmented by cytochrome c, this expensive reagent is not neeeded with the present techniques. The indoaniline and azamethine dyes produced are highly insoluble and result in permanent or relatively permanent preparations. Most of the dyes are capable of complexing with mercury, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, lead, uranium, and iron, and thus may have potential applications in electron microscopy. Among the naphthols 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (IV), 1-hydroxy-2-acetonaphthone (V), and a derivative of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthanilide (IX) are very useful couplers. Useful methylene compounds are exemplified by 1-phenyl-3(m-nitrobenzamidopyrazolone) (XII), naphthol AS-LG (XVIII), and naphthol AS-L3G (XX). Use of methylene compounds results in highly stable incubating solutions. All substrates are commercially available and inexpensive. Unfixed frozen sections mounded on glass slides were used. Considerable caution must be exercised in attempts to localize oxidative enzyme activity at the cytologiocal level in unfixed frozen sections. This is due to the disruption of mitochondria and other cytological constituents which may occur during freezing and thawing. An alternative technique was evolved. This consisted of incubating fresh tissue slices, freezedrying them, followed by embedding in paraffin. Sections were then cut, dewaxed, and mounted. Preliminary results indicate that tissue oxidase may also be demonstrated using a mixture of amines (e.g., N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine and 2-methoxy-N-phenylenediamine) which are capable of forming complex azine dyes. The possibility of demonstrating other enzymes of the oxidase dehydrogenase complex warrants further investigation.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF TWO STEROID GLYCOLS FROM 17α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE BY SURVIVING HUMAN OVARIAN SLICES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1167-1172
Author(s):  
Thomas Sandor ◽  
André Lanthier
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Chromatographic Mobility ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Human Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Mobility Studies ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Phosphate Medium

Surviving human ovarian slices were incubated with 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in a Krebs–Ringer phosphate medium (pH 7.4), at 37 °C under an oxygen atmosphere. The substrate was partially transformed to two steroid glycols, designated as X1and X2. Chromatographic mobility studies, derivatization, and spectra in 95% ethanol and in concentrated sulphuric acid suggested that X1might be identical with Δ4-pregnene-17α,20α-diol-3-one, and X2with Δ4-pregnene-17α,20β-diol-3-one. Synthetic Δ4-pregnene-17α,20β-diol-3-one was prepared from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. It was found identical with X2by the above-mentioned criteria.In addition to normal human ovarian tissue, slices of human Stein–Leventhal type ovaries were also incubated with the precursor and the transformation rates to X1and X2calculated for both types of tissues.Experiments were performed using as substrate Δ5-pregnene-3β-ol-20-one and progesterone in order to study the reaction with biosynthetic 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. The transformation to X1and X2seemed to follow the same course as with synthetic 17α-hydroxyprogesterone.

scholarly journals Concept Paper on the Technique of Cryopreservation, Removal and Transplantation of Ovarian Tissue for Fertility Preservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Beckmann ◽  
Laura Lotz ◽  
Bettina Toth ◽  
Dunja Baston-Büst ◽  
Tanja Fehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Oncological Therapy ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Fertility Protection

AbstractThe cryopreservation of ovarian tissue with subsequent transplantation of the tissue represents an established method of fertility protection for female patients who have to undergo gonadotoxic therapy. The procedure can be performed at any point in the cycle and thus generally does not lead to any delay in oncological therapy. With the aid of this procedure, more than 130 births to date worldwide have been able to be recorded. The birth rate is currently approximately 30% and it can be assumed that this will increase through the further optimisation of the cryopreservation and surgical technique. The concept paper presented here is intended to provide guidance for managing cryopreservation and transplantation of ovarian tissue to German-speaking reproductive medicine centres.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF TWO STEROID GLYCOLS FROM 17α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE BY SURVIVING HUMAN OVARIAN SLICES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1167-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sandor ◽  
André Lanthier
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Chromatographic Mobility ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Human Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Mobility Studies ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Phosphate Medium

Surviving human ovarian slices were incubated with 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in a Krebs–Ringer phosphate medium (pH 7.4), at 37 °C under an oxygen atmosphere. The substrate was partially transformed to two steroid glycols, designated as X1and X2. Chromatographic mobility studies, derivatization, and spectra in 95% ethanol and in concentrated sulphuric acid suggested that X1might be identical with Δ4-pregnene-17α,20α-diol-3-one, and X2with Δ4-pregnene-17α,20β-diol-3-one. Synthetic Δ4-pregnene-17α,20β-diol-3-one was prepared from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. It was found identical with X2by the above-mentioned criteria.In addition to normal human ovarian tissue, slices of human Stein–Leventhal type ovaries were also incubated with the precursor and the transformation rates to X1and X2calculated for both types of tissues.Experiments were performed using as substrate Δ5-pregnene-3β-ol-20-one and progesterone in order to study the reaction with biosynthetic 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. The transformation to X1and X2seemed to follow the same course as with synthetic 17α-hydroxyprogesterone.

scholarly journals UV-Blocking, Transparent, and Antioxidant Polycyanoacrylate Films

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2011
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Quilez-Molina ◽  
Lara Marini ◽  
Athanassia Athanassiou ◽  
Ilker S. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Fatty Food ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Poly Propylene ◽  
New Applications

Applications of cyanoacrylate monomers are generally limited to adhesives/glues (instant or superglues) and forensic sciences. They tend to polymerize rapidly into rigid structures when exposed to trace amounts of moisture. Transforming cyanoacrylate monomers into transparent polymeric films or coatings can open up several new applications, as they are biocompatible, biodegradable and have surgical uses. Like other acrylics, cyanoacrylate polymers are glassy and rigid. To circumvent this, we prepared transparent cyanoacrylate films by solvent casting from a readily biodegrade solvent, cyclopentanone. To improve the ductility of the films, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) biopolymer was used as an additive (maximum 5 wt.%) while maintaining transparency. Additionally, ductile films were functionalized with caffeic acid (maximum 2 wt.%), with no loss of transparency while establishing highly effective double functionality, i.e., antioxidant effect and effective UV-absorbing capability. Less than 25 mg antioxidant caffeic acid release per gram film was achieved within a 24-h period, conforming to food safety regulations. Within 2 h, films achieved 100% radical inhibition levels. Films displayed zero UVC (100–280 nm) and UVB (280–315 nm), and ~15% UVA (315–400 nm) radiation transmittance comparable to advanced sunscreen materials containing ZnO nanoparticles or quantum dots. Transparent films also exhibited promising water vapor and oxygen barrier properties, outperforming low-density polyethylene (LPDE) films. Several potential applications can be envisioned such as films for fatty food preservation, biofilms for sun screening, and biomedical films for free-radical inhibition.

scholarly journals Rootlets, a Malting By-Product with Great Potential

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Emma Neylon ◽  
Elke K. Arendt ◽  
Kieran M. Lynch ◽  
Emanuele Zannini ◽  
Paolo Bazzoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Applications

Barley rootlets are the most abundant by-product from the malting industry. Due to the inherent association of the malting industry with brewing and distilling industries, it is also considered a by-product of these industries. Barley rootlets are produced during the germination step of malting. These rootlets are a valuable source of nutrition, with protein and fibre holding a large proportion of their composition. Barley rootlets are generally pelletised and used as animal fodder; however, their usage may not be limited to this. Efforts have been made to utilise barley rootlets as food ingredients, sources of enzymes, antioxidants, raw materials in fermentations, and in biochar production. Conversion of this by-product into other/new applications would reduce waste production from their industry origin and reduce some of the impending environmental concerns associated with by-product production. The current review focuses on providing information on the formation, production, and processing of barley rootlets, while also highlighting the composition, quality, and potential applications of barley rootlets.

The Expression of Recombinant Proteins in Crop Plants

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kilpatrick ◽  
Bill Cockburn ◽  
Garry Whitelam
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Phenotype ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Applications

Antibodies, produced in and extracted from immunized animals, have enjoyed a wide range of uses as vaccines and therapeutic agents. Because of their high specificity and ability to bind tightly to antigens there are almost limitless potential applications for their exploitation, and therapeutic antibodies alone are worth $1000m a year. Two factors currently limit their use: concern over the use of laboratory animals, and the small scale of production possible by this route. However, it is now possible to produce and extract fully functional recombinant antibodies from plants, and new applications may be envisaged in human healthcare products and industrial scale purification processes. The plant phenotype may also be modified to produce antibodies bringing about resistance to plant pests and diseases, modification of metabolic pathways, or bioremediation of pollutants or polluted land.

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