scholarly journals “I’m an artist, but with other tools!”: Le Théâtre Aphasique and the intersection between artistic and clinical practices with people living with aphasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-161
Author(s):  
Alberto Osa Garcia ◽  
Camille D'Anjou ◽  
Natasha Létourneau Edwards ◽  
Sandro François ◽  
Pénélope Goulet-Simard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Disorder ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
General Audience ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
Rehabilitation Sciences

Theatre has come to be one of the main artistic ways to convey the voices of people with disability to the general audience, and this includes people with language and communication disorders. This article aims to describe and discuss the activities of Le Théâtre Aphasique, a non-profit organization located in several cities in Quebec that delivers dramatic art workshops to people with aphasia, an acquired language disorder. Our interest is to understand how this activity has become a successful phenomenon in different disciplines, with different a priori theoretic frameworks, such as disability arts as well as rehabilitation sciences. Specifically, we suggest that the complexity and means of this activity are indeed the cause of its success given that 1) it allows people with different  communication abilities to participate, while 2) encouraging the presence of people with disabilities in the theatrical scene and 3) supporting the understanding and use of different communication styles, from both individual and social perspectives. We believe that a framework built upon social, artistic, and care-driven views of disability can account for the complexity of this activity and nourish further research into how different models of disability are integrated in the experience of people with aphasia.

Statistical Power in Stuttering Research

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Jones ◽  
Val Gebski ◽  
Mark Onslow ◽  
Ann Packman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Statistical Concept ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Null Results ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Population Effects

The capacity to make reliable inductive statements about populations is critical for the advancement of scientific knowledge. An important contribution to that advancement of knowledge is determining that effects are either present or not present in populations. Statistical power is an important methodological qualifica-tion for any research that presents statistical results, and particularly so for research that presents null results. In this paper we describe the statistical concept of power, outline parameters of research that influence it, and demonstrate how it is calculated. With reference to selected published research, attention is drawn to the problems associated with a body of underpowered research, one being that population effects may go undetected. One way to prevent this problem is to calculate power a priori in planning research and include confidence intervals when presenting the results of research. However, it is difficult, if not impossible in many cases, to obtain high participant numbers for communication disorders of low prevalence such as stuttering. With this in mind, the paper concludes with an attempt to open discussion about ways to redress the problems associated with statistical power.

Influence of Medical and Social Perspectives of Disability on Models of Inclusive Education in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Connor ◽  
Louis Olander
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Student Success ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Models ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
Nature Of Teaching

Ideological disputes about what human differences constitute disabilities undergird two very distinct positions that are known as medical and social models of disability. The positions significantly impact how inclusive education is envisioned and enacted, with proponents of each model holding fast to what they believe is “best” for students. Related areas of significant dissension among the two viewpoints include: (a) the concept of disability and “appropriate” placement of students deemed disabled, (b) the purpose of schools, (c) the nature of teaching and learning, (d) a teacher’s roles, (e) the notion of student success and failure, and (f) perceptions of social justice and disability. These interconnected and sometimes overlapping areas convey how medical or social models of inclusive education can vary dramatically, depending upon an educator’s general ideological disposition toward disability or difference.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication Technologies

2010 ◽  
pp. 1070-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gondy Leroy ◽  
Leo Gianluca De
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Picture Exchange Communication System ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Technical Solutions

Communication is a dynamic process that creates and conveys a mutual understanding between two or more people. Since this process is complex and not easily taught, there exist many communication disorders ranging from a physical limitation, such as ALS, to a cognitive language disorder, such as autism. Augmentative and alternative communication systems (AACs) help people with communication disorders by providing them substituted means for communicating. These systems range from non-technical solutions, such as a paper-based PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System), to elaborate technical solutions, such as a plasma picture communication table. Due to the increased attention to AACs, the Worldwide Health Organization (WHO) provides a framework to evaluate effectiveness. Using this framework as a basis, the authors identified barriers and support factors for AAC effectiveness and subsequently best practices for AAC designs. They conclude with a case study of adapting a paper-based picture-based communication system to mobile devices using open-source software development for use by children with severe autism.

Genomics of Speech and Language Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Guerra ◽  
Ramon Cacabelos
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Co Morbidity

There are multiple factors involved in speech and language. Investigating animal models, mainly through songbirds, have allowed a better understanding of the language process. Verbal dyspraxia, dysarthria, speech sound disorder, and stuttering are some examples of speech disorders, and specific language disorder, aphasia and, dyslexia of language disorders. More complex syndromes such as Autism-spectrum disorders, Down’s or Fragile X have more variable features. Genetic factors, such as hereditary or de novo mutations may be responsible for their development. In addition, most of them are involved in neurodevelopment with a huge range of molecular mechanisms and pathways that interact with each other, and there may be co-morbidity with other communication disorders or develop phenotypes unrelated to communication. Genes with heterogeneous functions in speech and language such as FOXP1, FOXP2, KIAA0319, ROBO1, APOE or CNTNAP2 are some examples. Epigenetic factors, especially miRNAs, influence their expressiveness. The genomics of these disorders allows us to understand language acquisition, carry out early detection strategies, genetic counseling and optimize future treatments, not only in communication disorders but also those neurological alterations that incorporate these mutations.

Leadership religiosity: a critical analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 622-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark McCormack ◽  
Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein ◽  
Krista L. Craven
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Organizational Setting ◽  
Organizational Processes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Evaluation Project

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of leadership religiosity in a local non-profit organizational setting, from a larger program evaluation project, and to problematize prevailing theoretical assumptions in the leadership religiosity literature about the nature of religion in organizational settings. Design/methodology/approach – Methods of data collection consisted primarily of in-depth interviewing, observations, and document content analysis of organizational publications, web sites, and social media. The larger program evaluation project also utilized social network analysis and surveys. Findings – The data highlights several important manifestations of leadership religiosity that serve to legitimate potentially unhealthy leadership tendencies and organizational processes: unrealistic future goals in strategic planning and dogmatic decision making. Both stem from the perceived divine origination of the organization in question, and from the perceived divine authority placed upon the leader of the organization. Practical implications – This research challenges prevailing theoretical assumptions about religion in the workplace that characterize “religion” as wholly distinct from other social, political, and organizational processes and inherently positive or beneficial. Conclusions about the potential benefits of religion for organizational life should therefore be made with caution and with a more robust and balanced understanding of the constructed nature of religion. Originality/value – This paper adds much-needed nuance to the extant literature on leadership religiosity, the vast majority of which assumes certain a priori qualities and values in religion and considers only the positive manifestations and functions of religion. While religiosity is often associated with certain organizational benefits, more robust discussion must examine the potential for religion to be manifested or used in the service of more negative or harmful purposes and ends.

scholarly journals A Topology of Twitter Tactics: Tracing the Rhetorical Dimensions and Digital Labor of Networked Publics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512110255
Author(s):  
Paige Alfonzo
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The United States ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Patterns Of Communication ◽  
Political Conversation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Networked Publics

This study draws from the broad range of cross-disciplinary theories examining digitally networked action (DNA) to offer a rhetorical topology that traces the repeated patterns of communication and digital actions marking the formation and maintenance of protest counterpublics. Grounded in the concepts of collective identity building and network theory, the rhetorical characteristics and digital tactics that scholars have uncovered over the past 10 years were synthesized into a series of a priori classifications (i.e., topoi). These topoi were then applied to the exploration of how Black Lives Matter (BLM) activists used Twitter in service of protest. While the topoi constituting the topology guided the analysis, this study also details the unique and contextually specific personalized communication styles, protest action approaches, and digital affordances used by BLM advocates to constitute a movement that has brought the persistent oppression of Black individuals living in the United States to the forefront of political conversation. This approach sheds light on the elements contributing to the subject positions that encouraged others to commit to BLM as well as provides a resource for those seeking to integrate unified findings from studies focused on the nexus of digital media and social movements in their work.

scholarly journals The Influence of Group and Individual Physiotherapy on Balance of Children with Impaired Language and Communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kuznecova ◽  
Rasa Šakalienė
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Balance Exercises ◽  
Language And Communication ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Base Of Support ◽  
Constant Deviation

Communication disorder is a relatively constant deviation from the agreed standards of speech, language and communication. It is observed that communication disorders such as alalia, dysarthria, often go with disorders of gross and small motor functions, movements which lack of rhythm, impaired balance. The aim of the study was to test the efficiency of group and individual physiotherapy on balance for children with impaired language and communication. The study included 75 children aged 3–6 years. The target was divided into two groups: the exploratory group consisted of children who had impaired language and communication and the disorder is not due to other disorders; the control group consisted of children of the same age whose development was normal and they did not have language or other problems. The tested group children were divided into two groups at random: the first and the second. The first group underwent individual physiotherapy, while the second one participated in group physiotherapy. Procedures of physiotherapy lasted for 2 months, 2 times per week. Their duration was 30 minutes. The physiotherapy program consisted of various balance exercises standing or moving, using smaller base of support or soft balance platforms. Various games were also used during the group physiotherapy sessions. Conclusions. Balance of the three–six year old children with language and communication disorders was significantly worse than that of their healthy peers. Children balance depends on the degree of language impairment: children with an average degree of undeveloped language disorder demonstrated balance significantly better than that of children with significant language undevelopment. Balance of pre-school children with language and communication disorders statistically significantly improved in both individual and group physiotherapy procedures. Balance of children with language and communication disorders who had individual therapy improved a little more than those in the group therapy but the difference was not statistically significant.Keyword: language and communication disorders, physical therapy, postural control.

scholarly journals SLT- practical aspects: inquiries, good practices and evidence based interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol VII (2) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Cristian TUDOREAN
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Training System ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Language And Communication

INTRODUCTION: Although speech therapy in Romania has a tradition of over 70 years, the practice in the field is in a full process of affirmation and clarification. The initial training system and some professional organizations contribute to the updating and dissemination of standards and good practices in the field. OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to describe some aspects of Romanian speech therapy practice and to draw attention to some discrepancies in the reporting of language and communication disorders. Some suggestions on concrete ways of intervention and evidence-based speech therapy are also offered. METHODS: (1) The statistical data reported by the Iași Inter-School Speech Therapy Center between 2011 and 2020 were analyzed. The data are compared with those available internationally. (2) Two children groups were considered: one diagnosed with developmental language disorder (DLD) (n = 67) and another diagnosed with language delay (LD) (n = 57), aged between 3 and 12 years (M = 5 years 8 months). Tests were used to establish the psychological language age, active and passive vocabulary, record the phonetic inventory and language samples analysis (LSA) for qualitative observations. RESULTS: (1) Statistical data reveal a concordance of reports for speech sound disorders. There are major discrepancies for the other language and communication disorders. Causal explanations and potential directions for remedying this situation are proposed. (2) A statistical analysis (Student’s t test) was conducted in order to compare the children in LD and DLD groups. The data obtained from this analysis along with LSA indicate that the language skills differ between the two groups on the following aspects: lexical, pragmatic, semantic, syntactic, morphological and phonological. Significant differences (p<0.05) occur for onset speech therapy age, phonological disorder, passive vocabulary and language psychological age. Results for active vocabulary did not indicate statistical difference between LD and DLD children. CONCLUSIONS: Explorations reveal a situation with potential negative consequences on children with language and communication disorders. It is desirable to ensure a consensus among practitioners, from the identification phase to the construction of the remediation plan. The use of guidelines for language development and communication skills can contribute to a unitary and effective practice. The study is a prospective one, this issue being subject for further exhaustive approaches.

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