Envy in the process of development: Implications for Social Relations and Conflict

This article examines envy as an important cultural link between inequality, institutions, development, and conflict. It argues that envy can be either a source of strife and stagnation or an engine for peaceful competition and growth. The fundamental conditions that activate the constructive side of envy and shut down its destructive side are access to productive investment opportunities, equality, security of property rights, and mild social comparisons. The dominant role of envy in society gives rise to a set of related cultural norms and beliefs that affect economic performance and social relations. While constructive envy is manifested in emulation or even envy-provocation -standard features of a consumer society- destructive envy produces a fear-of-envy culture that hampers economic incentives and creates an environment of suspicion and conflict.

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The Quality of Government and Economic Growth

The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198858218.013.18 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 358-377

Author(s):

Pelle Ahlerup ◽

Thushyanthan Baskaran ◽

Arne Bigsten

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Performance ◽

High Growth ◽

Economic Life ◽

Cultural Norms ◽

Limited Evidence ◽

Institutional Challenges ◽

The Relationship

This chapter reviews the literature on the relationship between the quality of government (QoG) and economic growth. As there is limited evidence on the link between QoG narrowly defined and growth, our focus is on the role of related aspects, such as democracy, formal institutions, and cultural norms. We discuss institutional challenges in generating and sustaining high growth rates. We then review the evidence on how QoG, and related aspects of political and economic life, affect growth and pay attention to the relevant channels. We also discuss whether it is harder to sustain growth if it increases inequality. Since a government needs to be both efficient and impartial to support aggregate economic performance, we argue that it is too strict to let QoG be defined as impartiality only.

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The Social Interaction Behavior in School Education—An Interpretation of Giddens’ The Constitution of Society

Learning & Education ◽

10.18282/l-e.v9i3.1570 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Qingyuan Fang

Keyword(s):

Social Relations ◽

Social Order ◽

Dominant Role ◽

School Education ◽

Communication Behavior ◽

Social Construction Theory ◽

The Social ◽

Interpretive Sociology ◽

The Individual

Since 1960s, with the rise of phenomenology and hermeneutics, structural sociology has been impacted to some extent. In Giddens’ opinion, the structural sociology represented by Parsons greatly belittles the influence of individual's subjective initiative and cognitive ability on the society, and overemphasizes the dominant role of the society on the individual. However, interpretive sociology regards the material world such as society as the object world which is opposite to human existence and suspends the restriction of structure on individuals. According to Giddens, the problem of social theory is actually the problem of social order, that is, to explain how people transcend time and space and transcend the limitation of individual presence by means of social relations. Based on Giddens' social construction theory, this paper tries to explain the influence of communication behavior in school education on individual socialization of students.

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Property Rights, Law, and Economic Development

The Law and Development Review ◽

10.1515/ldr-2013-0004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guangdong Xu

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Property Rights ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Private Ownership ◽

Performance Property ◽

Role Of The State ◽

Sustainable Economic Growth ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between property rights and economic performance. Property rights, or more precisely, formal, individualized property rights, have long been regarded as the fundamental precondition for sustainable economic growth. However, the available empirical evidence shows that formal private ownership fails to bring about desirable economic outcomes in most developing countries despite the advantages claimed by numerous economists and lawyers. This puzzle can be addressed by taking into consideration such factors as the functioning of related markets, the influence of social norms, and the role of the state.

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Szállodahajó-turizmus a Dunán – trendek és termékfejlesztési lehetőségek Cruise tourism on the Danube – trends and product development opportunities

Turizmus Bulletin ◽

10.14267/turbull.2021v21n1.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 13-25

Author(s):

Márk Miskolczi ◽

Melinda Jászberényi

Keyword(s):

Economic Performance ◽

Medical Tourism ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Product Portfolio ◽

Tourist Attractions ◽

Long Run ◽

Cruise Tourism ◽

Basic Characteristics ◽

Recession Period

Napjaink gyorsan változó fogyasztói trendjei folyamatos megújulásra ösztönzik a turizmuságazat szereplőit. A dunai szállodahajó-turizmus a szabadidős célú turisztikai utazások feltörekvő részterülete, ugyanakkor a hosszú távon is kiemelkedő gazdasági teljesítmény fenntartásához szükség van a termékkonstrukció időszakos megújítására. Jelen tanulmány a dunai szállodahajóturizmus alapismérveit, piaci (keresleti-kínálati) jellemzőit foglalja össze a témakörben publikált folyóiratcikkek elemzésén keresztül. Bemutatja továbbá a piacvezető vállalatok (Tauck, Avalon Waterways, Crystal Cruises, Uniworld River Cruises, Viking River Cruises, Scenic River Cruises) aktuális (2020-2022-re szóló) termékkínálatát. A kvalitatív kutatás során 326 utazási csomag áttekintésére került sor, mely rámutatott a kulturális turisztikai attrakciók termékkínálatban betöltött kiemelkedő szerepére. Az eredmények alátámasztják, hogy számos turisztikai termék (például: természeti vonzerők, egészség- és gyógyturizmus) hiányzik a jelenlegi termékkonstrukcióból, melyeknek a kínálatba történő beépítése elősegítheti a célcsoport bővítését, ami a recesszió utáni időszakban hozzájárulhat a dunai szállodahajózás gazdasági teljesítményének javulásához. Tourism is shaped by rapidly changing consumer trends. Cruise tourism on the Danube is an emerging part of leisure tourism, but at the same time, to maintain outstanding economic performance in the long run, it is necessary to periodically renew the product portfolio. The following study summarizes the basic characteristics and market (supply-demand) features of Danube cruise tourism by a systematic literature review. The study presents the current (2020-2022) supply of market-leading companies (Tauck, Avalon Waterways, Crystal Cruises, Uniworld River Cruises, Viking River Cruises, Scenic River Cruises) by content analysis. Using qualitative research, 326 travel packages were reviewed, in which the dominant role of cultural tourist attractions was clear. The results confirm that many tourism products (e.g., natural attractions, medical tourism) are missing from the product range. Their addition could improve the economic performance of Danube cruise tourism in the post-recession period by expanding the target group.

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The Effect of the Growing Constraint of Subsistence Farming on Farmer Res¬ponse to Price: A Case Study of Jute in Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v9i3pp.235-272 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 235-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sayed Mushtaq Hussain

Keyword(s):

Economic Performance ◽

Research Effort ◽

Empirical Work ◽

Economic Incentives ◽

Technical Knowledge ◽

Subsistence Farming ◽

Basic Reason ◽

Supply Functions

During the last decade or so, substantial empirical work has been done on farmer response to price in the underdeveloped countries1. Most of the research effort, however, is lacking theoretical rigour and is heavily oriented towards the estimation of area (output) supply functions and the verification of the existence of economic incentives. The purpose of this study is to extend the research horizon by emphasizing and elaborating the role of certain constraints in determining the degree of farmer response to price which is one of the aspects of economic performance. We believe that the level of farmers' economic performance varies directly with their ability to exploit the opportunities within the horizon. It was main¬tained elsewhere that the basic reason for farmers' low level of economic performance lies in the fact that their ability to exploit given and well-understood opportunities is reduced by various constraints — physical (climate, water avail¬ability, etc.), technological (lack of more productive technical knowledge and knowhow, etc.) and institutional (the practice of subsistence farming) [12].

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Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2013.janfeb01 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert J. Barth

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Psychological Treatment ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

General Medicine ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

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Social and Temporal Comparisons as Moderators of Psychological Resources Associations With Wellbeing

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000193 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 96-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hasida Ben-Zur

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Subjective Wellbeing ◽

Social Comparisons ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Psychological Resources ◽

Low Levels ◽

Age Range ◽

General Wellbeing

Abstract. The current study investigated the associations of psychological resources, social comparisons, and temporal comparisons with general wellbeing. The sample included 142 community participants (47.9% men; age range 23–83 years), who compared themselves with others, and with their younger selves, on eight dimensions (e.g., physical health, resilience). They also completed questionnaires assessing psychological resources of mastery and self-esteem, and three components of subjective wellbeing: life satisfaction and negative and positive affect. The main results showed that high levels of psychological resources contributed to wellbeing, with self-enhancing social and temporal comparisons moderating the effects of resources on certain wellbeing components. Specifically, under low levels of mastery or self-esteem self-enhancing social or temporal comparisons were related to either higher life satisfaction or positive affect. The results highlight the role of resources and comparisons in promoting people’s wellbeing, and suggest that self-enhancing comparisons function as cognitive coping mechanisms when psychological resources are low.

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