scholarly journals Hipercorrección ortográfica en la marcación del acento en documentos académicos y divulgativos en Costa Rica (Orthographic Hypercorrection Using Accent Marks in Academic and Informative Documents in Costa Rica)

LETRAS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (58) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Judit Tomcsányi
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Metrical Theory ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Specific Orientation

Trata el tema de la hipercorrección ortográfica, relacionada con el uso abusivo y la dislocación del acento ortográfico en ciertos tipos de textos en el medio costarricense. Desde el análisis fonológico de Harris, basado en la teoría métrica, y de estudios psicolingüísticos sobre el procesamiento de la palabra escrita (Frost, Taft), se sostiene que esa hipercorrección obedece a un procesamiento lexical de la escritura, típica de sistemas ortográficos opacos, y deja de lado el carácter transparente de la ortografía española. Se identifica una orientación de este procesamiento lexical hacia características marcadas del acento que podría ser la expresión de una concepción particular de la ortografía por parte del hablante.This paper examines data of a special kind of misuse of orthographic accent in Spanish, namely its abusive or dislocated application in certain types of texts in Costa Rica. From the perspective of phonological analysis (Harris) in the frame of metrical theory, and of psycholinguistic research on written word processing (Frost, Taft) we argue that this type of hypercorrection is due to lexical processing, typically related to deep orthographies, leaving aside the basically transparent nature of Spanish orthography. A specific orientation of this lexical processing to accent markedness is identified suggesting a particular conception users have of orthography. 

Lexical Processing as Revealed by Lateralized Event-Related Brain Potentials

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Koppehele-Gossel ◽  
Robert Schnuerch ◽  
Henning Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Processing Negativity ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Single Word Reading

Abstract. Neurocognitive models of written-word processing from low-level perceptual up to semantic analysis include the notion of a strongly left-lateralized posterior-to-anterior stream of activation. Two left-lateralized components in the event-related brain potential (ERP), N170 and temporo-parietal PSA (posterior semantic asymmetry; peak at 300 ms), have been suggested to reflect sublexical analysis and semantic processing, respectively. However, for intermediate processing steps, such as lexical access, no posterior left-lateralized ERP signature has yet been observed under single-word reading conditions. In combination with a recognition task, lexicality and depth of processing were varied. Left-minus-right difference ERPs optimally suited to accentuate left-lateralized language processes revealed an occipito-temporal processing negativity (210–270 ms) for all stimuli except alphanumerical strings. This asymmetry showed greater sensitivity to the combined effects of attention and lexicality than other ERPs in this time range (i.e., N170, P1, and P2). It is therefore introduced as “lexical asymmetry.”

scholarly journals Rapid acquisition of novel written word-forms: ERP evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Bermúdez-Margaretto ◽  
Yury Shtyrov ◽  
David Beltrán ◽  
Fernando Cuetos ◽  
Alberto Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Random Permutation ◽  
Rapid Acquisition ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Written Word

Abstract Background Novel word acquisition is generally believed to be a rapid process, essential for ensuring a flexible and efficient communication system; at least in spoken language, learners are able to construct memory traces for new linguistic stimuli after just a few exposures. However, such rapid word learning has not been systematically found in visual domain, with different confounding factors obscuring the orthographic learning of novel words. This study explored the changes in human brain activity occurring online, during a brief training with novel written word-forms using a silent reading task Results Single-trial, cluster-based random permutation analysis revealed that training caused an extremely fast (after just one repetition) and stable facilitation in novel word processing, reflected in the modulation of P200 and N400 components, possibly indicating rapid dynamics at early and late stages of the lexical processing. Furthermore, neural source estimation of these effects revealed the recruitment of brain areas involved in orthographic and lexico-semantic processing, respectively. Conclusions These results suggest the formation of neural memory traces for novel written word-forms after a minimal exposure to them even in the absence of a semantic reference, resembling the rapid learning processes known to occur in spoken language.

scholarly journals Does consonant–vowel skeletal structure play a role early in lexical processing? Evidence from masked priming

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANUEL PEREA ◽  
ANA MARCET ◽  
JOANA ACHA
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Source Of Information

ABSTRACTIs the specific consonant–vowel (CV) letter combination of a word a basic source of information for lexical access in the early stages of processing? We designed two masked priming lexical decision experiments to respond to this question by directly examining the role of CV skeletal structure in written-word recognition. To that aim, each target word was preceded by a one-letter different nonword prime that kept the same CV skeletal structure or not. We also included an identity prime as a control. Results showed faster word identification times in the CV congruent condition than in the CV incongruent condition when a consonant was replaced from the target (paesaje–PAISAJE < parsaje–PAISAJE), but not when it was a vowel (alusno–ALUMNO = alueno–ALUMNO). This dissociation poses problems for those accounts based on an early activation of the CV skeletal structure during lexical processing. Instead, this pattern of data favors the view that it is the word's consonant skeleton rather than the CV skeletal structure that is the key element in the early phases of word processing. We discuss the theoretical and methodological implications of these findings.

scholarly journals N170 reflects visual familiarity and automatic sublexical phonological access in L2 written word processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yen Na Yum ◽  
Sam-Po Law
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Repetition Detection ◽  
Korean Chinese ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Bilingual Readers

Abstract The literature has mixed reports on whether the N170, an early visual ERP response to words, signifies orthographic and/or phonological processing, and whether these effects are moderated by script and language expertise. In this study, native Chinese readers, Japanese–Chinese, and Korean–Chinese bilingual readers performed a one-back repetition detection task with single Chinese characters that differed in phonological regularity status. Results using linear mixed effects models showed that Korean–Chinese readers had bilateral N170 response, while native Chinese and Japanese–Chinese groups had left-lateralized N170, with stronger left lateralization in native Chinese than Japanese–Chinese readers. Additionally, across groups, irregular characters had bilateral increase in N170 amplitudes compared to regular characters. These results suggested that visual familiarity to a script rather than orthography-phonology mapping determined the left lateralization of the N170 response, while there was automatic access to sublexical phonology in the N170 time window in native and non-native readers alike.

scholarly journals Lateralızatıon of Non-Word Processıng in Monolınguals

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Filiz Mergen ◽  
Gulmira Kuruoglu
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence

A great bulk of research in the psycholinguistic literature has been dedicated to hemispheric organization of words. An overwhelming evidence suggests that the left hemisphere is primarily responsible for lexical processing. However, non-words, which look similar to real words but lack meaningful associations, is underrepresented in the laterality literature. This study investigated the lateralization of Turkish non-words. Fifty-three Turkish monolinguals performed a lexical decision task in a visual hemifield paradigm. An analysis of their response times revealed left-hemispheric dominance for non-words, adding further support to the literature. The accuracy of their answers, however, were comparable regardless of the field of presentation. The results were discussed in light of the psycholinguistic word processing views.

The use of a rapid priming technique I: Adult language processing

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Chris Davis ◽  
Anne Castles
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Skilled Readers ◽  
Priming Technique

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the background and use of the masked priming procedure in adult psycholinguistic research. Using this technique, we address the issue of how precise the letter and word processing systems of adults is for rapidly displayed stimuli. Data is reviewed that suggests that, for skilled readers, the letter and word recognition system is sensitively tuned to the discrimination demands imposed on it by the properties of the written language. That is, the recognition system is able to be discriminative where precision is required, but is also able to consider and use incomplete information when this is predictive.

Issues in Neurolinguistic Studies of Morphology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fiorentino
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Complex Word ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
The Brain

Research in neurolinguistics examines how language is organized and processed in the human brain. The findings from neurolinguistic studies on language can inform our understanding of the basic ingredients of language and the operations they undergo. In the domain of the lexicon, a major debate concerns whether and to what extent the morpheme serves as a basic unit of linguistic representation, and in turn whether and under what circumstances the processing of morphologically complex words involves operations that identify, activate, and combine morpheme-level representations during lexical processing. Alternative models positing some role for morphemes argue that complex words are processed via morphological decomposition and composition in the general case (full-decomposition models), or only under certain circumstances (dual-route models), while other models do not posit a role for morphemes (non-morphological models), instead arguing that complex words are related to their constituents not via morphological identity, but either via associations among whole-word representations or via similarity in formal and/or semantic features. Two main approaches to investigating the role of morphemes from a neurolinguistic perspective are neuropsychology, in which complex word processing is typically investigated in cases of brain insult or neurodegenerative disease, and brain imaging, which makes it possible to examine the temporal dynamics and neuroanatomy of complex word processing as it occurs in the brain. Neurolinguistic studies on morphology have examined whether the processing of complex words involves brain mechanisms that rapidly segment the input into potential morpheme constituents, how and under what circumstances morpheme representations are accessed from the lexicon, and how morphemes are combined to form complex morphosyntactic and morpho-semantic representations. Findings from this literature broadly converge in suggesting a role for morphemes in complex word processing, although questions remain regarding the precise time course by which morphemes are activated, the extent to which morpheme access is constrained by semantic or form properties, as well as regarding the brain mechanisms by which morphemes are ultimately combined into complex representations.

Incremental word processing influences the evolution of phonotactic patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
Andrew Wedel ◽  
Adam Ussishkin ◽  
Adam King
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Incremental Processing ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Phonetic Cues ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Phonological Rules

AbstractListeners incrementally process words as they hear them, progressively updating inferences about what word is intended as the phonetic signal unfolds in time. As a consequence, phonetic cues positioned early in the signal for a word are on average more informative about word-identity because they disambiguate the intended word from more lexical alternatives than cues late in the word. In this contribution, we review two new findings about structure in lexicons and phonological grammars, and argue that both arise through the same biases on phonetic reduction and enhancement resulting from incremental processing.(i) Languages optimize their lexicons over time with respect to the amount of signal allocated to words relative to their predictability: words that are on average less predictable in context tend to be longer, while those that are on average more predictable tend to be shorter. However, the fact that phonetic material earlier in the word plays a larger role in word identification suggests that languages should also optimize the distribution of that information across the word. In this contribution we review recent work on a range of different languages that supports this hypothesis: less frequent words are not only on average longer, but also contain more highly informative segments early in the word.(ii) All languages are characterized by phonological grammars of rules describing predictable modifications of pronunciation in context. Because speakers appear to pronounce informative phonetic cues more carefully than less informative cues, it has been predicted that languages should be less likely to evolve phonological rules that reduce lexical contrast at word beginnings. A recent investigation through a statistical analysis of a cross-linguistic dataset of phonological rules strongly supports this hypothesis. Taken together, we argue that these findings suggest that the incrementality of lexical processing has wide-ranging effects on the evolution of phonotactic patterns.

Oral reading in bilingual aphasia: Evidence from Mongolian and Chinese

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRENDAN STUART WEEKES ◽  
I FAN SU ◽  
WENGANG YIN ◽  
XIHONG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Bilingual Aphasia ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Cognitive Neuropsychological ◽  
The Brain

Cognitive neuropsychological studies of bilingual patients with aphasia have contributed to our understanding of how the brain processes different languages. The question we asked is whether differences in script have any impact on language processing in bilingual aphasic patients who speak languages with different writing systems: Chinese and Mongolian. We observed a pattern of greater impairment to written word comprehension and oral reading in L2 (Chinese) than in L1 (Mongolian) for two patients. We argue that differences in script have only a minimal effect on written word processing in bilingual aphasia when the age of acquisition, word frequency and imageability of lexical items is controlled. Our conclusion is that reading of familiar words in Mongolian and Chinese might not require independent cognitive systems or brain regions.

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