Seasonal Ph, Temperature and Electrical Conductivity of Pond Water in and Around Motera, Ahmedabad

The surface water resources of Bodo/Bonny communities in Rivers State suffers regular pollution of its ecosystem due to increase in crude oil exploration, refining and activities of other industrial establishments operating within the coastal areas of the Ogoniland of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This have resulted in the wide scale contamination of most of its creeks, swamps and rivers with hydrocarbons and dispersant products resulting in the alteration of the ecological integrity of fragile aquatic systems, bioaccumulation of chemical contaminants by zoobenthos, sediment enrichment, and smothering or asphyxiation of the organisms in water by oil coating, thereby causing death. These conditions have resulted in serious threat to public health and the ecosystems. The study was aimed at determining the physico-chemical characteristics of Bodo/Bonny coastal waters impacted by crude oil spills and their effect on the marine ecosystems. Surface water was collected from 5 stations (BBW1, BBW2, BBW3, BBW4 and LFPW5) with LFPW5 serving as control. Physico-chemical parameters were investigated following standard methods. The results of the physicochemical characteristics of the various sampling points in the dry season showed that pH, TDS and Electrical conductivity values showed statistically significant differences at P < 0.005. pH was slightly acidic in all sampling locations except for the Link fish pond, the values ranged from 6.20–6.40 which was below DPR Limit of 6.5-8.5 for potable water, TDS recorded 43175–57075 mg/L above DPR permissible Limit of 5000mg/L. Electrical Conductivity (EC) values ranged from 54050 -57050 µS/cm. The Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Turbidity, Chloride recorded in this study varied significantly at P< 0.05. Results of the physicochemical parameters of surface water in the wet season fell within the standard limits except for the conductivity that was above the permissible limits. Comparatively the mean pH value of surface river water with Linked fish pond water which served as the control revealed that the Link fish pond water had the highest pH value of 7.9 than the surface river water samples with a pH of 6.4, TDS (60,200 mg/L), Electrical Conductivity (EC) (µS/cm3) followed a similar pattern with the mean EC value of 55,800 mg/L as against 750mg/L for the Link Fish pond water. Temperature recorded 310C as against 300C for the link fish pond while the Salinity (mg/L) of the surface river water was 31.63 mg/L. Dissolved Oxygen was 2.3 mg/L, Biochemical Oxygen Demand values for the surface river water was 0.49 mg/L while the Link fish pond water had 0.3mg/L. These values obtained in this study shows that the spilled oil in the water could impact on species abundance and biomass by depleting and depriving the fishes from available O2 for survival thus resulting in asphyxiation.

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THE CELL SAP OF HYDRODICTYON

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.23.5.551 ◽

1940 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 551-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

L. R. Blinks ◽

John P. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Osmotic Pressure ◽

Analytical Procedure ◽

Pond Water ◽

Small Sample ◽

Multinucleate Cell ◽

Bicarbonate Concentration ◽

Marked Accumulation ◽

High Sulfate ◽

Very High

Analysis of the cell sap of Hydrodictyon patenaeforme Pocock, from California indicates the usual marked accumulation of potassium, which is 4000 times as concentrated as in the surrounding pond water. Small amounts of sodium and calcium were found. Chloride makes up about three-fourths of the anions, with a very high sulfate, and much lower bicarbonate concentration accounting for most of the remainder. Electrical conductivity and osmotic studies indicate that the analyzed elements are ionized, and account for most of the sap's osmotic pressure. pH is 5.5 to 6.0. The analytical procedure was designed to determine as many of the cations as possible on one small sample. Hydrodictyon is a large multinucleate cell belonging to an order (Chlorococcales) new to permeability and accumulation studies.

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Dinâmica espacial dos parâmetros físicos e químicos da água em viveiros de piscicultura

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v12i3.4844 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 602

Author(s):

José Mário Lopes da Rocha ◽

Antonio Clementino dos Santos ◽

Danilo Gomes de Oliveira ◽

Otacilio Silveira Júnior ◽

Elisson Gomes da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Management Practices ◽

Spatial Dynamics ◽

Pond Water ◽

Fish Ponds ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Fish Farms ◽

Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical

O Brasil apresenta características que podem fazer do seu território o grande celeiro mundial para produção de organismos piscícolas cultivados. No entanto, para isso, é fundamental estudar os parâmetros físico e químico da água das áreas de cultivo, para que se possam buscar estratégias para evitar erros de manejos. Com isso, objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica espacial dos parâmetros físicos e químicos da água de viveiros de piscicultura e sua relação de dependência. O estudo foi realizado em um viveiro escavado em terreno natural, localizado em uma propriedade, adjacente à fazenda experimental da escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, no município de Araguaína. Os pontos para coleta no grid foram obtidos através de GPS, considerando as dimensões da área total. Em cada ponto georreferenciado, foram realizadas coletas em duas profundidades diferentes, uma a 20 cm da superfície da água (profundidade 1), e outra a 20 cm do fundo do tanque (profundidade 2), totalizando 108 amostras. Ocorreu grande variabilidade entre as profundidades para maioria das variáveis. Na estatística descritiva foi observado coeficiente de variação de grau moderado apenas para oxigênio dissolvido. Na análise dos semivariogramas, apenas a variável condutividade elétrica demonstrou efeito pepita puro. Foi verificada dependência espacial entre as variáveis estudadas nas duas profundidades. Através da geoestatística, foi possível evidenciar alteração na distribuição espacial dos parâmetros físicos e químicos: oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura da água e pH, mas não foi útil para condutividade elétrica, dada sua baixa variabilidade espacial. Os parâmetros físicos e químicos da água dos tanques de piscicultura são influenciados pelas práticas de manejo, sendo facilmente detectado através dos mapas de isolinhas.Spatial dynamics of the physical and chemical parameters of water in fish farmsAbstract: Brazil presents, characteristics that can make of its territory, the world's great barn for the production of cultivated fish organisms. However, for this it is fundamental to study the physical and chemical parameters of the water in the growing areas, so that strategies can be sought to avoid handling errors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial dynamics of the physical and chemical parameters of fish pond water and their relationship of dependence. The study was carried out in a nursery excavated on natural land, located on a property, adjacent to the experimental farm of the Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science School, Federal University of Tocantins, in the municipality of Araguaína. The points for collection on the grid were obtained by GPS, considering the size of the total area. In each georeferenced point samplings were performed in two different depths, one 20 cm from the tank bottom (depth first) and the other at 20 cm from the water surface (depth 2) totaling 108 samples. There was major variation between depths for most variables. Descriptive statistics was observed moderate variation coefficient only for dissolved oxygen. In the analysis of semivariograms, only the variable electrical conductivity showed pure nugget effect. spatial dependence was found between the variables at both depths. The mesh used was effective in showing the spatial distribution of physical - chemical parameters: dissolved oxygen, water temperature and pH, but it was not useful for electrical conductivity, given its low spatial variability. The physical and chemical parameters of the water of the fish ponds are influenced by the management practices, being easily detected through the isoline maps.

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Influence of Powdered Moringa oleifera Lam. Almonds Dried at Different Temperatures on the Physico-chemical Quality of the Pond Water

Journal of Engineering Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jerr/2020/v18i217202 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Yerima Bako Djibo Aboubacar ◽

Guero Yadji

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Pond Water ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

The One ◽

Moringa Oleifera Lam

The study focused on the physico-chemical characterization of raw water samples from the Kongou Gorou pond treated with almond powder from Moringa oleifera seeds. The powder which was used for the present study was dried in the oven for one month at the respective temperatures of 25, 40 and 50 ° C and then applied at a dose of 100 mg /L. The parameters studied are pH, iron, copper, electrical conductivity, rate of dissolved substances (TDS), hardness, organic matter; calcium, HCO3-, magnesium, the Complete Alkalimetric Title (TAC). The physico-chemical analysis showed that the waters studied have concentrations below the standards recommended by WHO in 2009. For the dose of 100 mg/L and stored at the respective temperatures of 50, 40 and 25 ° C, it was recorded: a pH close to neutrality, a reduction in iron content of 93.46% at 50 ° C, 90.76% and 90.76%, a decrease in magnesium of 27.21; 27.89 and 39.96%, a decrease in hardness of 37.98; 39.94 and 36.03%; a decrease in the TAC from 1.3 to 1.18; 1.29 and 1.23 ° F and finally a reduction of 9.26; 0.81 and 5.42% bicarbonate. At these respective temperatures of 50, 40 and 25 ° C, the electrical conductivity has increased by 33.63, 33.05 and 32.8µs.cm / L at 2 hours of settling and from 34, 64, 34, 28 and 36, 23 µs. cm / L at 24 hours of settling; an increase in the rate of Dissolved Substances from 15.21 to 16.32; 16.33 and 16.72 mg / L; an increase in the order of 34.48, 26.72 and 13.79% in calcium levels; an increase on the one hand of copper from 0.114 mg/L to 0.903 and 2.39 mg/L respectively at 50 and 40 ° C and on the other hand a total removal of the latter at 25 ° C. The results showed that the use of Moringa oleifera seeds effectively improves the physicochemical quality of the treated water, which not only meets the WHO drinkability standards but also the characteristics of water suitable for drip irrigation.

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Analysis of Soil and Water Quality in Selected Villages of Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu, India

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.16.2.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 477-491

Author(s):

Subramanian Arivoli ◽

Miriam Vassou ◽

Samuel Tennyson ◽

Athikesavan Ramanan ◽

Selvaraj Divya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Water Samples ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Pond Water ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Total Alkalinity ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Soil And Water ◽

Bore Well

Quality of soil and water are determined by measuring the concentration of their parameters and comparing them with standards. In the present study, soil samples (top, sub and inner) from three zones, zone 1 (industrial area), zone 2 (10km from industrial area) and zone 3 (agricultural land/fields) of Puliyanthangal village, and the bore well, well and pond water samples of Kathiyavadi village were analysed from January 2019 to December 2019. Soil texture was sandy loam in all the zones. The pooled values for pH, electrical conductivity (dS/m), organic carbon (%), available nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper (mg/Kg) tested in zone 1, 2 and 3 were 7.9, 6.8 and 6.8; 0.3, 0.3 and 0.1; 0.09, 0.5 and 0.5; 11.7, 96.0 and 137.8; 4.5, 4.5 and 4.2; 88.3, 111.3 and 206.7; 3.6, 3.4 and 3.7; 2.1, 1.7 and 2.3; 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2; and 0.7, 0.5 and 0.7, respectively. The bore well and well water samples were clear and colourless without odour, whereas the pond water was slightly yellowish in appearance and colour, and without odour in all the three zones. The physicochemical parameters viz., water temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, pH, total alkalinity and total hardness for bore well, well and pond water were 27.9, 22.8 and 33.0°C; 975, 1532 and 737μS/cm; 0, 1 and 11NTU; 683, 1072 and 516mg/L; 7.4, 7.8 and 7.3; 276, 344 and 248mg/L; and 190, 732 and 272mg/L, respectively. Calcium, magnesium, free ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, fluoride, sulphate and phosphate represented the nutrient parameters and their respective values (mg/L) were 41, 174 and 58; 21, 71 and 30; 0, 0 and 1.1; 24, 29 and 22; 0, 0 and 0.8; 100, 184 and 60; 0.4, 0.4 and 0.4; 77, 120 and 49; 0, 0 and 0.8. The values of metal parameters reported nil except for iron (0.2mg/L) in pond water. The study inferred that the waning nature of soil and water might be due to location of industrial units.

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A Comparison between Turbidity, and Electrical Conductivity of Pond Water and RO Water in Thandalam for Enhanced Sustainability

Alinteri Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 301-307

Author(s):

P. Poornachandrasekhar ◽

Vidhya Lakshmi Sivakumar

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Potable Water ◽

Pond Water ◽

Water Sources ◽

T Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Domestic Use ◽

Different Sources

Aim: The aim of this study is to check the potability of pond water and RO water. This is carried out by comparing the Electrical Conductivity (EC) and turbidity of two different sources of water. Materials and methods: Twenty number of samples from a local pond and potable water sources were tested for turbidity and electrical conductivity using turbidity meter and conductivity meter, respectively. Results and Discussion: On performing an independent samples t-test on the two groups considered, it is observed that there exists a significant difference between the turbidity and the EC (p <0.05). Turbidity was higher in pond water (21.20 ± 2.51) than that of RO water (6.55 ± 0.33). The concentration of EC is also higher for pond water (1.67 ± 0.35) than that of RO water (0.15 ± 0.33). Conclusion: This study shows that the pond water is not potable when compared to RO water. The pond water requires treatment prior to domestic use in order to improve sustainability.

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Removing Substrate Background in TEM Microanalysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052857 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 568-569

Author(s):

John C. Russ ◽

Nicholas C. Barbi

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Organic Film ◽

Absolute Concentration ◽

Background Signal ◽

X Ray ◽

Elemental Concentrations ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

The Continuum

The rapid growth of interest in attaching energy-dispersive x-ray analysis systems to transmission electron microscopes has centered largely on microanalysis of biological specimens. These are frequently either embedded in plastic or supported by an organic film, which is of great importance as regards stability under the beam since it provides thermal and electrical conductivity from the specimen to the grid.Unfortunately, the supporting medium also produces continuum x-radiation or Bremsstrahlung, which is added to the x-ray spectrum from the sample. It is not difficult to separate the characteristic peaks from the elements in the specimen from the total continuum background, but sometimes it is also necessary to separate the continuum due to the sample from that due to the support. For instance, it is possible to compute relative elemental concentrations in the sample, without standards, based on the relative net characteristic elemental intensities without regard to background; but to calculate absolute concentration, it is necessary to use the background signal itself as a measure of the total excited specimen mass.

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Macromolecular structures of biological specimens are not obscured by controlled osmium impregnation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100076639 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 606-607

Author(s):

Klaus-Ruediger Peters ◽

Samuel A. Green

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Critical Point ◽

Metal Films ◽

High Magnification ◽

Osmium Impregnation ◽

Instrumental Resolution ◽

20 Nm ◽

Continuous Metal

High magnification imaging of macromolecules on metal coated biological specimens is limited only by wet preparation procedures since recently obtained instrumental resolution allows visualization of topographic structures as smal l as 1-2 nm. Details of such dimensions may be visualized if continuous metal films with a thickness of 2 nm or less are applied. Such thin films give sufficient contrast in TEM as well as in SEM (SE-I image mode). The requisite increase in electrical conductivity for SEM of biological specimens is achieved through the use of ligand mediated wet osmiuum impregnation of the specimen before critical point (CP) drying. A commonly used ligand is thiocarbohvdrazide (TCH), first introduced to TEM for en block staining of lipids and glvcomacromolecules with osmium black. Now TCH is also used for SEM. However, after ligand mediated osinification nonspecific osmium black precipitates were often found obscuring surface details with large diffuse aggregates or with dense particular deposits, 2-20 nm in size. Thus, only low magnification work was considered possible after TCH appl ication.

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