scholarly journals Hemp flour as a formaldehyde scavenger for melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesive in plywood production

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4052-4064
Author(s):  
Jakub Kawalerczyk ◽  
Joanna Siuda ◽  
Radosław Mirski ◽  
Dorota Dziurka
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Bonding Quality ◽  
Rye Flour ◽  
Adhesive Mixtures ◽  
Reference Mixture

The possibility of using hemp flour as a filling material for melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive was investigated for the process of manufacturing plywood. Adhesive mixtures were filled with various amounts of hemp flour and compared to rye flour as a reference mixture, and their properties were tested. The quantity of added filler had a significant effect on the resins viscosity. Moreover, the replacement of rye flour with the hemp flour resulted in acceleration of gel time and a slight increase in solid content. Due to the high proteins content, hemp flour led to a significant reduction of formaldehyde emission. Bonding quality of plywood made with hemp flour as a filling material for the adhesive mixture meet the requirements from the standard. Introducing it in an amount of 20 pbw and 25 pbw (parts by weight) allowed for the production of plywood characterized by equally good mechanical properties as that of reference plywood glued with an adhesive mixed with rye flour. In summary, the proper amounts of hemp flour can be applied as a filling material and formaldehyde scavenger for MUF adhesive without the deterioration of mechanical properties of manufactured plywood.

scholarly journals Properties of Plywood Produced with Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive Modified with Nanocellulose and Microcellulose

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Kawalerczyk ◽  
Dorota Dziurka ◽  
Radosław Mirski ◽  
Kinga Szentner
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Gel Time ◽  
Bonding Quality ◽  
Adhesive Mixtures

Urea-formaldehyde adhesives are widely used in the wood-based materials industry. The study investigates the possibility of using cellulosic particles as a filler that modifies the properties of the resin and consequently improves the properties of plywood. Moreover, the study also examines the differences between microcellulose and nanocellulose used as a filler for UF adhesive. Based on the investigations, it was found that the addition of MFC and NCC significantly affected the curing process and rheological behaviour of adhesive mixtures. Modification led to increase of viscosity and extension of a gel time caused by lowering solid content of the resin. The experimental and reference plywood were tested in terms of bonding quality and mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity and modulus of rigidity in accordance with applicable standards. The results of the tests confirmed that both the amount and the type of modifier added to the resin had a significant effect on the properties of plywood. The bonding quality and the above mentioned mechanical properties improved in all variants of modification; however the most effective was the addition of NCC in the amount of 10 %/100 g of solid resin. The slight decrease of formaldehyde emission was only observed for 5 % cellulosic particles added to 100 g of solid UF.

scholarly journals KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL BERDASARKAN KOMPOSISI SEKAM PADI DAN KAYU SENGON DENGAN VARIASI KADAR PEREKAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dendi Prayoga ◽  
. Dirhamsyah ◽  
. Nurhaida
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Wood Processing

This research aimed to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards based on the composition of raw materials and adhesive content and know the treatment of the composition of raw materials and the best adhesive content and meet the standard JIS A 5908-2003. The research was conducted at Wood Workshop Laboratory, Wood Processing Laboratory Faculty of Forestry,Tanjungpura University and Laboratory of PT. Duta Pertiwi Nusantara Pontianak. The adhesive used is Urea Formaldehyde with 52% Solid Content. Comparison of the composition of rice husks and sengon varies namely rice husk 50%: sengon 50%, rice husk 60%: sengon 40% and rice husk 70%: sengon 30%  and variations in the levels of UF adhesives, namely 14% and 16%, with target density 0,7 gr/cm3. The particleboard was 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm Pressing at temperature 140oC for 8 minutes, with  pressure of 25 kg/cm2. The research results of the study of density and moisture content meet the standards JIS A 5908-2003. The best particle values of rice husk and sengon  with composition a ratio of  rice husk 50%: sengon 50% , 16% adhesive content  16%, with density value of  0,7072 gr/cm3, moisture content 9,1949 %, thick development 12,3210 %, water absorption 68,8270 %, MOE 12110,7273 kg/cm2, MOR 161,0025 kg/cm2, firmness sticky 1,9320 kg/cm2, screw holding strength 62,3124 kg.Keywords : adhesive, composition, particle board, rice husk, sengon

scholarly journals THE SOY FLOUR AS AN EXTENDER FOR UF AND MUF ADHESIVES IN BIRCH PLYWOOD PRODUCTION

Wood Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1031
Author(s):  
JAKUB KAWALERCZYK ◽  
JOANNA SIUDA ◽  
DOROTA DZIURKA ◽  
RADOSŁAW MIRSKI ◽  
MAGDALENA WOŹNIAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Gel Time ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Muf Adhesives

Formaldehyde emission still remains a major disadvantage of widely applied formaldehyde-containing amino resins such as UF (urea-formaldehyde) resin and MUF (melamine-urea-formaldehyde) resin. The compositions of adhesives for plywood manufacturing have to contain a proper extenders in order to adjust their viscosity. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of protein-rich soy flour (SF) as the extender for adhesives. The composition of flours and their ability to absorb the formaldehyde were determined. Properties of liquid resins such as gel time, viscosity, pH and solid content were investigated. The possible chemical interaction between the extenders and resins were assessed with the use of FTIR spectroscopy. Plywood panels manufactured using UF and MUF adhesives with the soy flour introduced as the extender in various concentrations were tested in terms of shear strength and formaldehyde release. Studies have shown that soy flour has a favorable composition and formaldehyde-scavenging ability. The addition of SF affected resins properties such as viscosity and gel time but showed no influence on their pH and solid content. FTIR analysis has not explained the chemical interaction between resin and extender. The application of soy flour in the concentration of 15% for UF resin and 10% for MUF resin allowed to produce plywood characterized by improved bonding quality and decreased formaldehyde emission.

Effect of Melamine Content in MUF Resin on the Durable Properties of Plywood

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 3160-3164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ying Liu ◽  
Ji Zhi Zhang ◽  
Yong Lin Yang ◽  
Shi Feng Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhang Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Acidic Condition ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
Modified Urea

The effect of melamine content in melamine modified urea formaldehyde (MUF) resin on durable properties of plywood was investigated using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) with different melamine/urea (M/U) ratios. The plywood specimens were exposed to laboratory accelerated aging and/or cyclic soak-dry (SD). The experiment results indicated that the melamine contents in MUF resin showed an unobservable effect on the durable properties of MUF resin bonded plywood. The mechanical properties of plywood decreased more severely after accelerated aging test in acidic condition. However, the influence of different curing catalyst contents on mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of UF resin can be minimized by adding melamine to the resin.

Thermal and mechanical properties of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin combined with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as nanofiller and fiberboards prepared by UF-MWCNT

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Kumar ◽  
Arun Gupta ◽  
Korada Viswanathan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Uf Resin

AbstractThe effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as reinforcement on the properties of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and medium-density fiberboards was investigated. MWCNT was added to UF in two concentrations, and the effects were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis in terms of the curing and viscoelastic properties of the resins. In the presence of MWCNT, the activation energy of the resins was lowered, and their storage modulus and thermal conductivity were enhanced. The formaldehyde emission decreased and mechanical properties increased after addition of MWCNT to UF resin.

The Utilization of Phenol Components in Bio-Oil for Modifying Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesive

2015 ◽  
Vol 1096 ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
Yi Cheng ◽  
Qi Kui Tian ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Addition Amount

The components in bio-oil are mainly concluding organic acid, aldehydes and phenolics. As the irregular cracking of the pyrolysis, the products are complex and difficult to separate. A comprehensive concept was presented and the extractions from bio-oil were used for modifying urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin in this study. Characterization by FT-IR and GC-MS indicated that the reaction mechanism. Phenol-oil addition amount and particle boards test were investigated resulted those 10% phenol-oil shows the best properties: viscosity of 73.36 mm/s, solid content of 52.25% and pH of 8.35 and the best pressing condition is 125°C for 5min which produce a 1.23MPa bond strengthen and 1.05 mg/L formaldehyde emission plywood.

scholarly journals Influence of different sheet compositions and commercial adhesives on the performance of multilaminated plywood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Setter ◽  
Uasmim Lira Zidanes ◽  
Eduardo Hélio de Novais Miranda ◽  
Flávia Maria Silva Brito ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Specific Pressure

Abstract The quality of plywood panels depends on factors such as the forest species and the adhesive used in their production, and understanding the interferences of these factors in the final properties of the plywood is of fundamental importance. The study aimed to develop multilaminate plywood panels with two forest species and two types of adhesive and to evaluate the influences of these factors (forest species and adhesive) on the physical and mechanical properties of the plywood. The panels were produced with sheets of parica and pine with two types of adhesives, urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde, with a weight of 150 g/cm². Then, each set was pressed for 10 minutes under a specific pressure of 0.98 MPa at a temperature of 150 °C. Three panels were produced for each type of blade and adhesive, totaling four treatments. The plywood was evaluated for physical properties (humidity, bulk density, and water absorption) and mechanical properties (parallel and perpendicular static flexion and resistance to mechanical shear). The results showed that the forest species had a greater influence on physical and mechanical properties, with the best results being observed for plywood produced with pine. The panels with sheets of parica and phenol-formaldehyde adhesive showed less moisture. The apparent density of the panels should be considered as it positively influenced the mechanical properties and negatively impacted water absorption. It is concluded that the plywood produced can be used for internal and external applications. However, it is indicated for structural purposes as it did not meet the requirements of the NBR 31.000.001/2:2001.

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL BERDASARKAN KOMPOSISI LIMBAH KULIT BUAH PINANG DAN LIMBAH KAYU GERGAJIAN DENGAN VARIASI KADAR PEREKAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Asmawati Wurya Sari ◽  
M Dirhamsyah ◽  
Yuliati Indrayani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Composition Ratio

This research aimed to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard based on the composition of raw materials and adhesive content as well as their interaction with the optimum quality of particle boards that meet JIS A 5908-2003 standards. The particleboard was made with a size of 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm with a target density of 0.7 g/cm³.  The pressing was done at a temperature of 140°C for 8 minutes with a pressure of 25 kg/cm². The composition ratio of betel nut peel waste and sawdust varied, namely 60% betel nut peel waste: 40% sawdust, 50% betel nut peel waste: 50% sawdust, and 40% betel nut peel waste: sawdust 60%. The adhesive used was Urea Formaldehyde with a concentration of 12%, 14%, and 16%. The results showed that all test values met the JIS A 5908: 2003 standard except the MOE test. The optimum value of particle board of betel nut peel and sawdust was with a composition ratio of 50% betel nut peel waste: 50% sawdust, 16% adhesive content, with a density value of 0.6876 g/cm³, a moisture content of 9,4530%, water absorption 34,5306%, thickness expansion 8,2508%, MOE 12432,6243 kg/cm², MOR 205,8462 kg/cm², adhesive firmness 2,2530 kg/cm², screw holding strength 81,6861 kg/cm².Keywords: adhesive content, betel nut peel waste, material composition, mechanical properties, particleboard, physical.Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat fisik dan mekanik papan partikel berdasarkan komposisi bahan baku dan kadar perekat serta interaksi keduanya terhadap kualitas papan partikel yang optimum serta memenuhi standar JIS A 5908-2003. Papan partikel dibuat dengan ukuran 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm dengan target kerapatan 0,7 g/cm³. Pengepresan  pada suhu 140°C selama 8 menit dengan tekanan 25 kg/cm². Perbandingan komposisi kulit buah pinang dan serbuk kayu gergaji bervariasi yaitu kulit buah pinang 60% : serbuk kayu gergaji 40%, kulit buah pinang 50% : serbuk kayu gergaji 50% dan kulit buah pinang 40% : serbuk kayu gergaji 60%. Perekat yang digunakan adalah Urea Formaldehida dengan konsentrasi 12%, 14% dan 16%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua nilai uji memenuhi standar JIS A 5908 : 2003 kecuali uji MOE. Nilai papan partikel kulit buah pinang dan serbuk kayu gergaji optimum dengan perbandingan komposisi kulit buah pinang 50% : serbuk kayu gergaji 50%, kadar perekat 16%, dengan nilai densitas 0,6876 g/cm³, kadar air 9,4530%, daya serap air 34,5306%, pengembangan tebal 8,2508%, MOE 12432,6243 kg/cm², MOR 205,8462 kg/cm², Keteguhan rekat 2,2530 kg/cm², kekuatan menahan sekrup 81,6861 kg/cm².Kata kunci : papan partikel, kadar perekat, kulit buah pinang, komposisi bahan, sifat fisik dan mekanik.

scholarly journals Functionality of Beech Bark in Adhesive Mixtures Used in Plywood and Its Effect on the Stability Associated with Material Systems

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Réh ◽  
Rastislav Igaz ◽  
Ľuboš Krišťák ◽  
Ivan Ružiak ◽  
Milada Gajtanska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Adhesive Mixtures ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Heating Up

The results of research into utilizing grinded beech bark in order to substitute commonly used fillers in urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive mixtures to bond plywood are presented in the present study. Four test groups of plywood with various adhesive mixtures were manufactured under laboratory conditions and used for experimentation. Plywood made using the same technology, with the common filler (technical flour), was used as a reference material. Three different concentrations of grinded beech bark were used. The thermal conductivity of the fillers used, viscosity and its time dependence, homogeneity and the dispersion performance of fillers were evaluated in the analysis of adhesive mixture. The time necessary for heating up the material during the pressing process was a further tested parameter. The produced plywood was analyzed in terms of its modulus of elasticity, bending strength, perpendicular tensile strength and free formaldehyde emissions. Following the research results, beech bark can be characterized as an ecologically friendly alternative to technical flour, shortening the time of pressing by up to 27%. At the same time, in terms of the statistics, the mechanical properties and stability of the material changed insignificantly, and the formaldehyde emissions reduced significantly, by up to 74%. The utilization of bark was in compliance with long-term sustainability, resulting in a decrease in the environmental impact of waste generated during the wood processing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document