Co-liquefaction of Shengli lignite and Salix psammophila in a sub/super-critical water-ethanol system

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5433-5449
Author(s):  
Yuling Liu ◽  
Kebing Wang ◽  
Yuan Zhong ◽  
Xue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Synergic Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Ethanol System ◽  
Melting Degree ◽  
Scanning Electron

The co-liquefaction of Shengli lignite and Salix psammophila was used to produce the bio-oil with sub/super-critical water-ethanol as the reaction medium in a WHF-0.1 stainless steel autoclave. The effects of experimental conditions including reaction temperature, holding time, the ratio of S. lignite to S. psammophila, and addition of catalyst were investigated. NaOH is most beneficial to co-liquefaction of S. lignite and S. psammophila. The characteristics of bio-oil and solid residue under the best conditions were determined, and the chemical compositional analysis of bio-oil was done using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the solid residue after the liquefaction. The melting degree of S. lignite in co-liquefaction residue was deeper than that in L-residue, which showed there is a synergic effect between S. lignite and S. psammophila in co-liquefaction.

Effect of Water Uptake by Poultry Tissues on Contamination by Bacteria During Immersion in Bacterial Suspensions

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. THOMAS ◽  
T. A. McMEEKIN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Muscle Fascia ◽  
Poultry Tissues ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Effects of water-induced changes in poultry tissue microtopography on numbers of bacteria retained by pieces of tissue immersed in saline suspensions of test organisms were examined. Skin and muscle fascia, not previously exposed to water, retained more bacteria following extended dips in these suspensions compared to a control 15-s dip. Nonmotile bacteria were retained equally as well as motile test strains. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant changes in tissue microtopography occurred during the course of the immersion experiments. Also shown by this technique was bacteria neither attached nor accumulated at any specific site on the surface of the tissue sample examined under the experimental conditions used. These results suggested contamination of poultry tissues by bacteria during immersion in aqueous fluids, was related to changes in tissue microtopography.

Fatigue Life and Stress Retro Estimation of 30CrMnSiA in Laboratory Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 984 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Wei Fang Zhang ◽  
Xing Yu Gao ◽  
Xiao Peng Liu ◽  
Xue Rong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Fatigue Striation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Fatigue Stress ◽  
Paris Law ◽  
Scanning Electron

The fatigue life and fatigue stress of 30CrMnSiA material are studied by fracture retro estimation under experimental conditions. With the help of Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fatigue crack can be observed. By Paris law, the fatigue life and fatigue stress of 30CrMnSiA material can be estimated by fatigue striation under the experimental environment. The method is simple and feasible, and the relative error is lower.

Synthesis and Comparison of Boron Nitride Nanostructure Prepared on Silicon and Molybdenum Substrates by Laser Plasma Deposition Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sajjad ◽  
H. X. Zhang ◽  
P. X. Feng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Deposition Technique ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of boron nitride nanowires on silicon (Si) and nanorods on molybdenum (Mo) substrates at the same experimental conditions was composed. Fine tip nanowires with diameters around 50 nm were produced on Si substrates, whereas, nanorods with diameter around 100 nm were formed on Mo substrates. The change in length from 5 μm to 100 μm for nanowires and 0.2 μm to 0.8μm for nanorods following variation of substrate temperature were studied systematically.Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to analyze the surface images of BN nanowires and nanorods. Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyze boron and nitrogen concentration in the samples. The crystal structures of BN samples were investigated using Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The experimental results showed that the nanorods are hexagonal mixed with cubic, whereas the nanowires are hexagonal.

Hot corrosion of alumina

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1964-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Lawson ◽  
F.S. Pettit ◽  
J.R. Blachere
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hot Corrosion ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalyzer ◽  
Scanning Electron

The hot corrosion of single crystal and polycrystalline aluminas has been investigated in SO2–SO3–O2 environments and in the presence of molten Na2SO4-based deposits at temperatures of 700 and 1000 °C. The effect of microstructure and impurities on the corrosion has been emphasized. Weight changes and wetting angles were determined, and the evolution of the morphology of the exposed substrates and the reaction products was investigated in detail. The corrosion was small under the conditions of this study and generally increased with the impurity content of the polycrystalline aluminas. Based on the experimental results, particularly those obtained by electron microscopy and microanalysis using the SEM/EPMA (scanning electron microscope–electron probe microanalyzer), mechanisms are proposed for the corrosion of polycrystalline aluminas which emphasize the role of the silicate impurities and the synergy of their corrosion with that of the alumina grains. As a result, the alumina grains were dissolved by acidic fluxing under the acidic and the basic experimental conditions.

Archaeometric analysis of a fragment of molded stucco cornice with rope from the House of the Mithraeum (Mérida, Spain)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Alicia Fernández Díaz ◽  
Ana María Bejarano Osorio ◽  
Macarena Bustamante-Álvarez ◽  
Dolores Julia Yusá Marco ◽  
Sofía Vicente Palomino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Technical Study ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract During the excavations carried out since 2017 in the House of the Mithraeum (Casa del Mitreo) in Mérida a collection of paintings was recovered from Room 11, which had been abandoned in the late 3rd c. CE after a fire. The remains included fragments of molded stucco cornices, with braided esparto grass ropes on the reverse that were used to attach them to the ceiling. This article presents the descriptive and technical study of the finds and their compositional analysis using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Data resulting from these analyses allow us to understand the fragments’ composition and technical execution, and even the possible circulation of workshops and raw materials.

Simultaneous phase- and morphology-controlled synthesis of MnO2 crystals through controlled release of cuprous ions in hydrothermal condition

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yange Zhang ◽  
Zhi Zheng ◽  
Ka Wai Wong ◽  
Fengling Yang ◽  
Zude Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Condition ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Cuprous Ions

The α-, β-, and δ-MnO2 with various morphologies have been synthesized by a novel redox system of KMnO4 and CuCl with HCl added under a hydrothermal condition. The resultant MnO2 products have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Upon control of reaction temperature and duration, it was observed that MnO2 polymorphs of different morphology (e.g., flowery δ-MnO2, β-MnO2 nanowires and octahedrons, α-MnO2 nanowires) can be prepared in an adjustable manner. The phenomenon is mainly attributed to the effect of cuprous ions controllably released from CuCl by the action of HCl at different experimental conditions. The corresponding formation mechanism for the MnO2 crystals will also be proposed and discussed.

Polypyrrole microcontainer structures and doughnuts designed by electrochemical oxidation: an electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy study

e-Polymers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulises Páramo-Garcia ◽  
Angelica Avalos-Perez ◽  
Javier Guzman-Pantoja ◽  
Nancy Patricia Díaz-Zavala ◽  
Jose Aaron Melo-Banda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Vitreous Carbon ◽  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Polypyrrole Films ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractScanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to monitor the surface morphology of polypyrrole films (PPy) grown on different working electrodes (i.e., vitreous carbon and Au (111)) under diverse experimental conditions (i.e., dynamic vs. static potential protocols) and anion dopants (i.e., I- and F-). The morphology of the electrosynthesized films includes rings (doughnuts) and microcontainers, and depends on the synthesis parameters such as the electropolymerization method, the nature of the substrate, the anion dopant, and the sequence of sandwich composite growth. The formation of well-defined rings and microcontainers is attributed to overoxidation occurring during the formation of F--doped PPy. It is possible to design microcontainers by controlling the overoxidation and degradation of the polymer surface.

Synthesis of a Novel Nanostructure of Rutile Titania by Sonochemical Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. Ma ◽  
Jian Min Zhu ◽  
Nai Ben Ming
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Rutile Titania ◽  
Scanning Electron

Chestnut-bur-like rutile titania assemblies are successfully synthesized by a sonochemical method. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that the assemblies are formed by radial coagulation of rutile acicular nanocrystals. Effects of experimental conditions on the phase and structure of the products are also presented.

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