scholarly journals Energy saving in papermaking by application of hybrid calcium carbonate

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5011-5023
Author(s):  
Min Woo Lee ◽  
Sun Young Jung ◽  
Yung Bum Seo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Pressing Pressure ◽  
Ionic Polymers ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Paper Drying ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Wet Pressing

Hybrid calcium carbonate (HCC) is prepared by pre-flocculating calcium oxide and ground calcium carbonate (GCC) with ionic polymers, and by injecting carbon dioxide to the pre-flocculated flocs until termination of the reaction at neutral pH. When used in papermaking, HCC gave higher bulk, higher stiffness, and higher tensile strength than GCC did. Furthermore, when higher wet pressing pressure was applied to the paper containing HCC, higher solid content was achieved with still better stiffness, smoothness, and tensile strength in comparison with the paper containing GCC. Actually, very high bulk of the HCC containing paper was compromisingly reduced to obtain high solid content by applying higher wet pressing pressure. Higher solid content achieved by combination of HCC technology and higher wet pressing pressure resulted in paper drying energy savings of more than 10%, while a high quality of all the essential printing paper properties was maintained. Drying energy savings may contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and lowering of the paper production cost.

A method for measuring the in-plane compressive strength and the compression behavior of coating layers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
TEEMU PUHAKKA ◽  
ISKO KAJANTO ◽  
NINA PYKÄLÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Mineral Coatings ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Cracking at the fold is a quality defect sometimes observed in coated paper and board. Although tensile and compressive stresses occur during folding, test methods to measure the compressive strength of a coating have not been available. Our objective was to develop a method to measure the compressive strength of a coating layer and to investigate how different mineral coatings behave under compression. We used the short-span compressive strength test (SCT) to measure the in-plane compressive strength of a free coating layer. Unsupported free coating films were prepared for the measurements. Results indicate that the SCT method was suitable for measuring the in-plane compressive strength of a coating layer. Coating color formulations containing different kaolin and calcium carbonate minerals were used to study the effect of pigment particles’ shape on the compressive and tensile strengths of coatings. Latices having two different glass transition temperatures were used. Results showed that pigment particle shape influenced the strength of a coating layer. Platy clay gave better strength than spherical or needle-shaped carbonate pigments. Compressive and tensile strength decreased as a function of the amount of calcium carbonate in the coating color, particularly with precipitated calcium carbonate. We also assessed the influence of styrene-butadiene binder on the compressive strength of the coating layer, which increased with the binder level. The compressive strength of the coating layer was about three times the tensile strength.

Increased dryness after pressing and wet web strength by utilizing foam application technology

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARITA KINNUNEN-RAUDASKOSKI ◽  
KRISTIAN SALMINEN ◽  
JANI LEHMONEN ◽  
TUOMO HJELT
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Wet Pressing ◽  
Web Strength

Production cost savings by lowering basis weight has been a trend in papermaking. The strategy has been to decrease the amount of softwood kraft pulp and increase use of fillers and recycled fibers. These changes have a tendency to lower strength properties of both the wet and dry web. To compensate for the strength loss in the paper, a greater quantity of strength additives is often required, either dosed at the wet end or applied to the wet web by spray. In this pilot-scale study, it was shown how strength additives can be effectively applied with foam-based application technology. The technology can simultaneously increase dryness after wet pressing and enhance dry and wet web strength properties. Foam application of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), guar gum, starch, and cellulose microfibrils (CMF) increased web dryness after wet pressing up to 5.2%-units compared to the reference sample. The enhanced dewatering with starch, guar gum, and CMF was detected with a bulk increase. Additionally, a significant increase in z-directional tensile strength of dry web and and in-plane tensile strength properties of wet web was obtained. Based on the results, foam application technology can be a very useful technology for several applications in the paper industry.

Characterization of Snap-On Calf Nipple Product and Development of its Compound Formulation Based on Natural Rubber

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Sarawut Prasertsri ◽  
Sansanee Srichan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Rubber Component

This research aimed to develop the formulation of natural rubber filled with carbon black, silica and calcium carbonate for rubber calf nipple application. The reverse engineering was performed on the calf nipple product to analyze the rubber type and component by using Soxhlet extraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Furthermore, mechanical properties were examined to act as benchmark for the rubber compound design. The results showed that rubber component in the nipple product was natural rubber, whereas two filler types revealed as carbon black and calcium carbonate with 10 and 35 of the total weight. In addition, rubber nipple showed the hardness of 46±1 Shore A and tensile strength of 5.3±0.60 MPa. From the investigation of the properties of developed rubber compounds in this work, it was found that the mechanical properties depended on type and content of filler. The required mechanical properties of vulcanizates were achieved at 20 phr of carbon black (N330), 20 phr of silica and 120 phr of calcium carbonate.

scholarly journals Progress of Bio-Calcium Carbonate Waste Eggshell and Seashell Fillers in Polymer Composites: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Owuamanam ◽  
Duncan Cree
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Carbonate Mineral ◽  
Thermoset Polymer

Disposal of massive amounts of eggshells and seashells from processing industries is a challenge. In recent years, there has been a focus to reuse these waste resources in the production of new thermoplastic and thermoset polymer materials. This paper reviews eggshell and seashell production by country and provides a perspective on the quantity of bio-calcium carbonate that could be produced annually from these wastes. The achievements obtained from the addition of recycled bio-calcium carbonate fillers (uncoated/unmodified) in polymer composites with a focus on tensile strength, flexural strength and impact toughness are discussed. To improve compatibility between calcium carbonate (mineral and bio-based) fillers and polymers, studies on surface modifiers are reviewed. Knowledge gaps and future research and development thoughts are outlined. Developing novel and innovative composites for this waste material could bring additional revenue to egg and seafood processors and at the same time reduce any environmental impact.

scholarly journals Nonrenewable Energy Cost and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of a “Pig-Biogas-Fish” System in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Yang ◽  
Xiaofang Wu ◽  
Haiping Yang ◽  
Shihong Zhang ◽  
Hanping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Conventional Animal ◽  
Husbandry System ◽  
Consumption Intensity ◽  
Nonrenewable Energy

The purpose of this study is to assess the energy savings and emission reductions of the present rural biogas system in China. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method is used to analyze a “pig-biogas-fish” system in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China. The nonrenewable energy cost and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the system, including the pigsty, the biogas digester, and the fishpond, are taken into account. The border definition is standardized because of the utilization of the database in this paper. The results indicate that the nonrenewable energy consumption intensity of the “pig-biogas-fish” system is 0.60 MJ/MJ and the equivalent CO2emission intensity is 0.05 kg CO2-eq/MJ. Compared with the conventional animal husbandry system, the “pig-biogas-fish” system shows high renewability and GHG reduction benefit, which indicates that the system is a scientific and environmentally friendly chain combining energy and ecology.

Study of Coating Binder Migration and Affected Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 790 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Hui Zhen ◽  
Zheng Shun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Coating Surface ◽  
Pigment Type ◽  
Binder Concentration ◽  
Coating Color

Because of the coating binder migration in cross-section of coating layer, the binder concentration will be different in z-direction of coating layer, which affect some properties of coated paper. The Paper studied the effects of pigment type, coating color solid content and dying temperature on binder migration and affected factors. The z-direction distribution of the coating binder which was tagged with Br in coating layer and its concentration in coating surface were examined quantitatively by using SEM-EDXA and ESCA analysis. The mechanism of binder migration was also proposed. The results indicated that the degree of binder migration is directly proportional to the drying temperature, that the increase of the ratio of calcium carbonate in the pigment content, coating surface binder concentration increased. The result also indicated that the degree of binder migration was increased with reduced the coating solid content.

scholarly journals STUDY ON SOME PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGY OF COMPOSITES BASED ON POLYETHYLENE GRAFTED ACRYLIC ACID/ETHYLENE-VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER/CALCIUM CARBONATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-361
Author(s):  
Thai Hoang ◽  
Do Van Cong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Acetate Copolymer ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer ◽  
Better Than

Composites based on polyethylene grafted acrylic acid (PE-g-AAc)/ethylene-co-vinylacetate copolymer (EVA)/calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were prepared by melt mixing. Relative melt viscosity, morphology, mechanical properties and thermostability of the composites were studied. The experimental results show that the presence of (CaCO3) activated by stearic acid (10-20 wt.%) changes lightly stable torque of polymer blend of PE-g-AAc/EVA. Use of modified PE improves compatibility of PE and EVA as well as makes the components disperse into each other better than in blends using unmodified PE. Tensile strength and elongation at break of both polymer blends decrease with presence of CaCO3. However, tensile strength of the composites of PE-g-AAc/EVA/CaCO3 is higher than that of composites of PE/EVA/CaCO3. Beside that, the composites of PE-g-AAc/EVA/CaCO3 have thermostability higher than the composites of PE/EVA/CaCO3.  

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