scholarly journals The impact of immune disturbances on the failure of antituberculosis treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina Lesnic ◽  
Serghei Ghinda ◽  
Carmen Monica Pop
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Antituberculosis Treatment

Background and aim. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, with an evolution and treatment outcome determined by the interaction between the mycobacterial and human genotypes. Various deficiencies of innate immune response starting from the first encounter of M. tuberculosis with lung cells endanger host infection control due to decreased triggering of cellular immune resistance and disturbed humoral immunity. Disturbed cell mediated immunity, known as the basic immune response in tuberculous infection, contributes to the deficient generation of central necrosis granuloma, consequently being responsible for severe clinical aspects and low final outcome. The tuberculosis patient’s immune assessment is important before treatment initiation, for establishing the risk reduction measures and increasing success rate.Material and methods. The immune study was conducted on 54 new pulmonary tuberculosis cases with treatment failure, 34 new pulmonary tuberculosis cases that successfully ended the treatment and 50 healthy group individuals. Immune assays performed were: blastic transformation of lymphocytes induced by different antigens, quantitatitve assessment of cellular immunity through CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell phenotyping, humoral immunity - through immunoglobulin isotyping, innate resistance – through phagocyte activity of neutrophils, the titter of anti-tuberculosis antibodies and the serum level of circulating immune complexes. Investigations were performed at the onset the treatment and at the end of intensive phase of the standard anti-tuberculosis treatment.Results. Immune disturbances evidenced in patients with treatment failure were: important deficiencies of cellular immunity, hyperactivity of humoral immunity and deficiencies of innate immunity. High predictive value for treatment failure showed the indices: deficiency of T lymphocytes count (OR=62.5) and T helper count (OR=12.5), high level of circulating immune complexes (OR=9.801), deficiency of innate resistance (decreased phagocytating index OR=2.875).Conclusions. For increasing the treatment success rate, the study of immune disturbances must be performed before of antituberculosis treatment initiation , especially of cellular immunity for the early start of immune adaptive treatment.

INDUCTION OF T-CELL IMMUNE RESPONSE BY A RECOMBINANT STRAIN OF VACCINIA VIRUS EXPRESSING A CASSETTE OF STRUCTURAL PROTEIN'S GENES OF MARBURG VIRUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 174-176
Author(s):  
A.A. Grazhdantseva ◽  
D.V. Antonets ◽  
L.I. Karpenko ◽  
E.V. Starostina ◽  
M.B. Borgoyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Recombinant Strain ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Cell Immune Response

The constructed recombinant strain MVA-GP-VP40-MARV, in addition to the induction of humoral immunity, also forms specific cellular immunity to the Marburg virus, and therefore can be considered as a promising vaccine against Marburg fever.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMUNE RESPONSE UNDER EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF ACID BURNS OF THE ESOPHAGUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
T. Koval ◽  
T. Ischuk ◽  
Ya. Raetska
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Burn Wounds

It is well known that the immune system is actively involved in the regeneration and healing process of burn wounds. However, unanswered questions remain about the role of humoral immunity in the mechanisms of healing and complications of burn wounds. We have developed an experimental model of the acid burns of the esophagus (ABE) corresponding esophageal burns in children 1-8 years. We studied the features of humoral immunity in rats with AВE, with the observed reduction of IgG and increase levels of medium and low circulating immune complexes (CIC) on the first day after the burn of the esophagus. On the 21st day after the burn, we observed an increase in the concentration of IgG and a slight accumulation of medium- and low-CIC. Studied indicators can be used for the differentiation of ABE.

PARTICULARITIES OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PERSONS PROFESSIONNALLY EXPOSED TO BERYLLIUM

2016 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
K. I. Stosman ◽  
L. V. Lukovnikova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Professional Contact ◽  
Beryllium Compounds

An examination was performed of 50 employees at an enterprise where they were in professional contact with beryllium. In most workers, it was detected an increase of interleukine-8, interferon- , growing level of immunoglobulin E and circulating immune complexes. It was shown that the contact with beryllium compounds leads to the interferon- level growth only in women. In men, alterations are identified in the direction of increased concentrations of common immunoglobulin E and circulating immune complexes.

scholarly journals STATE OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA COMBINED WITH OBESITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
T.S. Ospanova ◽  
G.V. Yeryomenko ◽  
T.V. Bezditko ◽  
T.Yu. Khimich ◽  
E.O. Bolokadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes

Yeryomenko G.V, Ospanova T.S, Khimich T.U, Bezditko T.V, Bolokadze E. O., Mizhiritskaya T.V.Patients with asthma accompanied by obesity in a higher body mass index were found to have an increased “waist/hip volume” ratio as compared to patients with asthma and healthy subjects. Assessment of humoral immunity indices in patients with asthma showed an increase of non-specific (with rising concentrations of immunoglobulins Ig A, M, G) and specific (with a rising level of Ig E) immunity. Patients with comorbidity of asthma and obesity were shown to have differently directed changes in the concentration of the main immunoglobulins: with a decrease in IgA and IgM levels there was a significant increase in IgG concentration. Those changes were accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of circulating immune complexes and an increase in concentration of lymphocyte antibodies in the blood of patients with comorbidity of asthma and obesity. This fact may indicate an aggravating effect of obesity on the course of asthma and a change in the direction of the pathological process to the autoimmune one that should be taken into consideration when treating such patients.Key words: asthma, obesity, humoral immunity СТАН ГУМОРАЛЬНОГО ІМУНІТЕТУ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ НА БРОНХІАЛЬНУ АСТМУ, ПОЄДНАНУ З ОЖИРІННЯМЄрьоменко Г.В., Оспанова Т.С., Хіміч T.Ю, Бездітко Т.В., Болокадзе Є.О., Мижирицька Т.В.У хворих на бронхіальну астму (БА), поєднану з ожирінням, було виявлено, що при більш високому індексі маси тіла в порівнянні з хворими на бронхіальну астму та здоровими особами співвідношення «об'єм талії / об'єм стегон» було достовенно збільшено. При дослідженні стану показників гуморального імунітету у хворих на бронхіальну астму має місце напруження неспецифічного (зі зростанням концентрації імуноглобулінів - Ig А, М, G) і специфічного (зі збільшенням рівня IgЕ) імунітету. У хворих з коморбідністью БА та ожирінням відзначалися різнонаправлені зміни концентрації основних імуноглобулінів: при зменшенні рівнів IgA і IgM зазначалося достовірне збільшення концентрації IgG. Ці зміни супроводжувалися достовірним зменшенням кількості циркулюючих імунних комплексів і збільшенням концентрації лімфоцитарних антитіл в крові хворих з коморбідними станами БА та ожирінням. Даний факт може свідчити про обтяжуючий вплив ожиріння на перебіг БА і про зміну спрямованості патологічного процесу на аутоімунний, що має бути враховано при лікуванні таких хворих.Ключові слова: бронхіальна астма, ожиріння, гуморальний імунітет. СОСТОЯНИЕ ГУМОРАЛЬНОГО ИММУНИТЕТА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С БРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ АСТМОЙ, СОЧЕТАННОЙ С ОЖИРЕНИЕМЕрёменко Г.В., Оспанова Т.С., Химич T.Ю, Бездетко Т.В., Болокадзе Е.А., Мижирицкая Т.В.У больных бронхиальной астмой (БА), сочетанной с ожирением, было выявлено, что при более высоком индексе массы тела по сравнению с больными с БА и здоровыми лицами сооотношение «объем талии/объем бедер» было достовенно увеличено. При исследовании состояния показателей гуморального иммунитета у больных БА имеет место напряжение неспецифического (с возрастанием концентрации иммуноглобулинов – Ig А, М, G) и специфического (с увеличением уровня IgЕ) иммунитета. У больных с коморбидностью БА и ожирения отмечались разнонаправленные изменения концентрации основных иммуноглобулинов: при уменьшении уровней IgA и IgM отмечалось достоверное увеличение концентрации IgG. Эти изменения сопровождались достоверным уменьшением количества циркулирующих иммунных комплексов и увеличением концентрации лимфоцитарных антител в крови больных с коморбидностью БА и ожирением. Данный факт может свидетельствовать об отягощающем влиянии ожирения на течение БА и о смене направленности патологического процесса на аутоиммунный, что должно быть учтено при лечении таких больных.Ключевые слова: бронхиальная астма, ожирение, гуморальный иммунитет

scholarly journals Anti–4-1bb Monoclonal Antibodies Abrogate T Cell–Dependent Humoral Immune Responses in Vivo through the Induction of Helper T Cell Anergy

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 (10) ◽  
pp. 1535-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Mittler ◽  
Tina S. Bailey ◽  
Kerry Klussman ◽  
Mark D. Trailsmith ◽  
Michael K. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Humoral Immune

The 4-1BB receptor (CDw137), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been shown to costimulate the activation of T cells. Here we show that anti–mouse 4-1BB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibit thymus-dependent antibody production by B cells. Injection of anti–4-1BB mAbs into mice being immunized with cellular or soluble protein antigens induced long-term anergy of antigen-specific T cells. The immune response to the type II T cell–independent antigen trinintrophenol-conjugated Ficoll, however, was not suppressed. Inhibition of humoral immunity occurred only when anti–4-1BB mAb was given within 1 wk after immunization. Anti–4-1BB inhibition was observed in mice lacking functional CD8+ T cells, indicating that CD8+ T cells were not required for the induction of anergy. Analysis of the requirements for the anti–4-1BB–mediated inhibition of humoral immunity revealed that suppression could not be adoptively transferred with T cells from anti–4-1BB–treated mice. Transfer of BALB/c splenic T cells from sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-immunized and anti–4-1BB–treated mice together with normal BALB/c B cells into C.B-17 severe combined immunodeficient mice failed to generate an anti-SRBC response. However, B cells from the SRBC-immunized, anti–4-1BB–treated BALB/c mice, together with normal naive T cells, exhibited a normal humoral immune response against SRBC after transfer, demonstrating that SRBC-specific B cells were left unaffected by anti–4-1BB mAbs.

scholarly journals Passively transferred IgG enhances humoral immunity to a red blood cell alloantigen in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 1526-1537
Author(s):  
David R. Gruber ◽  
Amanda L. Richards ◽  
Heather L. Howie ◽  
Ariel M. Hay ◽  
Jenna N. Lebedev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Specific Subset

Abstract Antibodies are typically thought of as the endpoint of humoral immunity that occur as the result of an adaptive immune response. However, affinity-matured antibodies can be present at the initiation of a new immune response, most commonly because of passive administration as a medical therapy. The current paradigm is that immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgE enhance subsequent humoral immunity. In contrast, IgG has a “dual effect” in which it enhances responses to soluble antigens but suppresses responses to antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) (eg, immunoprophylaxis with anti-RhD). Here, we report a system in which passive antibody to an RBC antigen promotes a robust cellular immune response leading to endogenous CD4+ T-cell activation, germinal center formation, antibody secretion, and immunological memory. The mechanism requires ligation of Fcγ receptors on a specific subset of dendritic cells that results in CD4+ T-cell activation and expansion. Moreover, antibodies cross-enhance responses to a third-party antigen, but only if it is expressed on the same RBC as the antigen recognized by the antibody. Importantly, these observations were IgG subtype specific. Thus, these findings demonstrate that antibodies to RBC alloantigens can enhance humoral immunity in an IgG subtype-specific fashion and provide mechanistic elucidation of the enhancing effects.

Circulating immune complexes may be associated with increased suppressor T-cell activity in atopic allergy

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guérin Dorval ◽  
William H. Yang ◽  
Lawrence Goodfriend ◽  
Raynald Roy ◽  
Luis R. Espinoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Suppressor T Cell

scholarly journals ANTIGEN RECOGNITION AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

1972 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 1228-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefik S. Alkan ◽  
E. Brady Williams ◽  
Danute E. Nitecki ◽  
Joel W. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Antigen Recognition ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Self Help

L-Tyrosine azobenzene-p-arsonate (RAT) induced cellular immunity without antibody production in guinea pigs. Bifunctional antigens were prepared consisting of one RAT carrier moiety linked either directly to a dinitrophenyl (DNP) haptenic determinant or through one or more 6-amino-caproyl (SAC) spacers. Each SAC unit has an extended span of 8 A. Guinea pigs immunized with these conjugates developed cellular immunity directed against the RAT determinant and antibody specific for the DNP determinant. The anti-DNP response was the same with one or three SAC spacers, but was significantly weaker when the two determinants were joined without a spacer. Animals immunized with either DNP-SAC-TYR or DNP-TYR developed neither cellular nor humoral immunity. Prior immunization with RAT potentiated the secondary anti-hapten response to DNP-SAC-RAT. Modification of RAT at either the arsonate or tyrosine positions showed that other charged groups (sulfonate and trimethylammonium) could substitute for arsonate without loss of immunogenicity. Removal of either the amino or carboxyl group from the side chain of tyrosine did not abolish immunogenicity, but immunogenicity was lost upon removal of both. Immunization with symmetrical bifunctional RAT-(SAC)n-RAT and cyclo-(L-RAT-D-RAT) antigens led to cellular immunity but no anti-arsonate antibody, suggesting a barrier to "self-help." These compounds were also ineffective in inducing a secondary anti-arsonate response in animals primed with arsonate-BSA conjugates and RAT.

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