scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMUNE RESPONSE UNDER EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF ACID BURNS OF THE ESOPHAGUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
T. Koval ◽  
T. Ischuk ◽  
Ya. Raetska
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Burn Wounds

It is well known that the immune system is actively involved in the regeneration and healing process of burn wounds. However, unanswered questions remain about the role of humoral immunity in the mechanisms of healing and complications of burn wounds. We have developed an experimental model of the acid burns of the esophagus (ABE) corresponding esophageal burns in children 1-8 years. We studied the features of humoral immunity in rats with AВE, with the observed reduction of IgG and increase levels of medium and low circulating immune complexes (CIC) on the first day after the burn of the esophagus. On the 21st day after the burn, we observed an increase in the concentration of IgG and a slight accumulation of medium- and low-CIC. Studied indicators can be used for the differentiation of ABE.

scholarly journals The impact of immune disturbances on the failure of antituberculosis treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina Lesnic ◽  
Serghei Ghinda ◽  
Carmen Monica Pop
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Antituberculosis Treatment

Background and aim. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, with an evolution and treatment outcome determined by the interaction between the mycobacterial and human genotypes. Various deficiencies of innate immune response starting from the first encounter of M. tuberculosis with lung cells endanger host infection control due to decreased triggering of cellular immune resistance and disturbed humoral immunity. Disturbed cell mediated immunity, known as the basic immune response in tuberculous infection, contributes to the deficient generation of central necrosis granuloma, consequently being responsible for severe clinical aspects and low final outcome. The tuberculosis patient’s immune assessment is important before treatment initiation, for establishing the risk reduction measures and increasing success rate.Material and methods. The immune study was conducted on 54 new pulmonary tuberculosis cases with treatment failure, 34 new pulmonary tuberculosis cases that successfully ended the treatment and 50 healthy group individuals. Immune assays performed were: blastic transformation of lymphocytes induced by different antigens, quantitatitve assessment of cellular immunity through CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell phenotyping, humoral immunity - through immunoglobulin isotyping, innate resistance – through phagocyte activity of neutrophils, the titter of anti-tuberculosis antibodies and the serum level of circulating immune complexes. Investigations were performed at the onset the treatment and at the end of intensive phase of the standard anti-tuberculosis treatment.Results. Immune disturbances evidenced in patients with treatment failure were: important deficiencies of cellular immunity, hyperactivity of humoral immunity and deficiencies of innate immunity. High predictive value for treatment failure showed the indices: deficiency of T lymphocytes count (OR=62.5) and T helper count (OR=12.5), high level of circulating immune complexes (OR=9.801), deficiency of innate resistance (decreased phagocytating index OR=2.875).Conclusions. For increasing the treatment success rate, the study of immune disturbances must be performed before of antituberculosis treatment initiation , especially of cellular immunity for the early start of immune adaptive treatment.

scholarly journals The influence of the Selenium and Germanium on humoral immunity content in quails

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
A. Yemelyanenko ◽  
S. Shmayun ◽  
M. Nishmenenko ◽  
O. Yemelyanenko ◽  
O. Poroshinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Ig G

The results of the studies on the infl uence of Selenium and Germanium nanoacqualates complex on the content of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes in quail’s are presented in the article. It was found that the level of immunoglobulins is the main indicator of the state of humoral immunity. According to the results of the studies the content of immunoglobulins A, M, G in the quail’s serum was 0.80 ± 0.03 mg/ml, 0.30 ± 0.01 mg/ml, and 5.82 ± 0 , 06 mg/ml, accordingly. That are 31.1%, 20.0% and 6.0%, respectively, comparing with data of the control group. Inthe serum of fi ve days old quail’s Ig A content was 0.84 ± 0.02 mg/ml, Ig M 0.54 ± 0.03 mg/ml and Ig G 6.87 ± 0.04 mg/ml, that consisted 29.2%, 42.1% and 5.0%, respectively, comparing with the control group. The content of circulating immune complexes (CEC) in theblood serum of one- and fi ve-days old quails was 1.5 and 1.6 times, respectively lower than in the birds of the control group. The content of low molecular weight CECs in the serum of one- and fi ve-days old quail, decreased signifi cantly in both groups(in 2 and 1.1 times, respectively). This probably characterizes the overall effi cacy and balance of the immune system's responses in quails exposed to Selenium and Germanium nanoacqualates at used doses of 0.05 μg/kg and 5.0 μg/kg, respectively. We consider that as a positive eff ect on the immunity of quails in the early post-embryonic period. Therefore, the use of Selenium and Germanium nanoacqualates complex has a complementary eff ect and helps to increase the immunoreactivity of young animals by maintaining the activity of the immune system. Key words: Selenium nanoacquachelate, Germanium nanoacquachelate, quails, immunoglobulins, immunity.

PARTICULARITIES OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PERSONS PROFESSIONNALLY EXPOSED TO BERYLLIUM

2016 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
K. I. Stosman ◽  
L. V. Lukovnikova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Professional Contact ◽  
Beryllium Compounds

An examination was performed of 50 employees at an enterprise where they were in professional contact with beryllium. In most workers, it was detected an increase of interleukine-8, interferon- , growing level of immunoglobulin E and circulating immune complexes. It was shown that the contact with beryllium compounds leads to the interferon- level growth only in women. In men, alterations are identified in the direction of increased concentrations of common immunoglobulin E and circulating immune complexes.

scholarly journals Role of Circulating Immune Complexes in the Pathogenesis of Canine Leishmaniasis: New Players in Vaccine Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Cristina Cacheiro-Llaguno ◽  
Nuria Parody ◽  
Marta R. Escutia ◽  
Jerónimo Carnés
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune

During canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL), due to Leishmania infantum (L. infantum), uncontrolled infection leads to a strong humoral immune response. As a consequence of the production of high antibody levels and the prolonged presence of parasite antigens, circulating immune complexes (CIC) are formed, which can be deposited in certain organs and tissues, inducing vasculitis, uveitis, dermatitis and especially glomerulonephritis and renal failure. A method to detect CIC and quantify their levels in serum samples from dogs infected with L. infantum has been recently described. It allowed demonstration of a correlation between CIC levels and disease severity. Thus, CIC measurement may be useful for diagnosis, assessment of disease progression and monitoring response to treatment. This is an interesting finding, considering that there remains an urgent need for identification of novel biomarkers to achieve a correct diagnosis and for optimal disease staging of dogs suffering from Leishmania infection. The objective of the present review is to shed light on the role of CIC in CanL, as well as to highlight their potential use not only as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers but also as a valuable tool in vaccine development and new immunotherapy strategies to prevent or control disease outcome.

scholarly journals MITF induces escape from innate immunity in melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Sánchez-del-Campo ◽  
Román Martí-Díaz ◽  
María F. Montenegro ◽  
Rebeca González-Guerrero ◽  
Trinidad Hernández-Caselles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Reporter Assays ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Nk Cytotoxicity

Abstract Background The application of immune-based therapies has revolutionized cancer treatment. Yet how the immune system responds to phenotypically heterogeneous populations within tumors is poorly understood. In melanoma, one of the major determinants of phenotypic identity is the lineage survival oncogene MITF that integrates diverse microenvironmental cues to coordinate melanoma survival, senescence bypass, differentiation, proliferation, invasion, metabolism and DNA damage repair. Whether MITF also controls the immune response is unknown. Methods By using several mouse melanoma models, we examine the potential role of MITF to modulate the anti-melanoma immune response. ChIP-seq data analysis, ChIP-qPCR, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, and luciferase reporter assays were utilized to identify ADAM10 as a direct MITF target gene. Western blotting, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity assays were used to determine the underlying mechanisms by which MITF-driven phenotypic plasticity modulates melanoma NK cell-mediated killing. Results Here we show that MITF regulates expression of ADAM10, a key sheddase that cleaves the MICA/B family of ligands for NK cells. By controlling melanoma recognition by NK-cells MITF thereby controls the melanoma response to the innate immune system. Consequently, while melanoma MITFLow cells can be effectively suppressed by NK-mediated killing, MITF-expressing cells escape NK cell surveillance. Conclusion Our results reveal how modulation of MITF activity can impact the anti-melanoma immune response with implications for the application of anti-melanoma immunotherapies.

Immunotherapy: New insights in breast cancer treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bader Alshehri
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Parp Inhibitor ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
New Treatment

Breast cancer being the most malignant and lethal disease persistent among women globally. Immunotherapy as a new treatment modality has emerged in understanding the loopholes in the treatment of breast cancer which is mainly attributed to the potential of tumor cells to evade and survive the immune response by developing various strategies. Therefore, improved understanding of the immune evasion by cancer cells and the monoclonal antibodies against PD- and PD-L1 can help us in the diagnosis of this malignancy. Here in this article, I have highlighted that in addition to focusing on other strategies for breast cancer treatment, the involvement of immune system in breast cancer is vital for the understanding of this malignancy. Further, the complete involvement of immune system in the relapse or recurrence of the breast tumor and have also highlighted the role of vaccines, PD-1 and CTLA-4 with the recent advances in the field. Moreover, in addition to the application of immunotherapy as a sole therapy, combinations of immunotherapy with various strategies like targeting it with MEK inhibitors, Vaccines, chemotherapy and PARP inhibitor has shown to have significant benefits is also discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and Circulating Immune Complexes in Oral Precancer and Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Madki ◽  
Mandya Lakshman Avinash Tejasvi ◽  
Geetha Paramkusam ◽  
Ruheena Khan ◽  
Shilpa J.
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Oral Precancer ◽  
Serum Iga ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) as tumor marker in oral cancer and precancer patients. Materials and Methods The present study was performed on 45 individuals subdivided into three groups, that is, oral precancer, oral cancer and healthy individuals, and levels of immunoglobulins, and CIC was estimated by turbidometry and ELISA method. Results In the present study, the mean serum IgA levels in oral precancer were 161.00 ( ±  118.02) mg/dL, oral cancers were 270.67 ( ±  171.44) mg/dL, and controls were 133.73 ( ±  101.31) mg/dL. Mean serum levels of IgG in oral precancer were 1,430.87 ( ±  316) mg/dL, oral cancers were 1,234.27 ( ±  365.42) mg/dL, and controls were 593.87 ( ±  323.06) mg/dL. Conclusion We found that the levels of serum IgG and IgA were elevated consistently in precancer and cancer group, and Serum IgM levels were increased only in precancer. Also, significant increase in serum CIC levels were seen in oral precancer and cancer group on comparison with control.

scholarly journals Haptoglobin and Its Related Protein, Zonulin—What Is Their Role in Spondyloarthropathy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chmielińska ◽  
Marzena Olesińska ◽  
Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka ◽  
Dariusz Szukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Acute Phase Protein ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Phase Protein ◽  
Its Polymorphism

Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein which supports the immune response and protects tissues from free radicals. Its concentration correlates with disease activity in spondyloarthropathies (SpAs). The Hp polymorphism determines the functional differences between Hp1 and Hp2 protein products. The role of the Hp polymorphism has been demonstrated in many diseases. In particular, the Hp 2-2 phenotype has been associated with the unfavorable course of some inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Its potential role in modulating the immune system in SpA is still unknown. This article contains pathophysiological considerations on the potential relationship between Hp, its polymorphism and SpA.

scholarly journals The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Pecora ◽  
Federica Persico ◽  
Alberto Argentiero ◽  
Cosimo Neglia ◽  
Susanna Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
The Impact

Viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the importance of public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations in reducing their spread is well established. Furthermore, it is well known that proper nutrition can help support optimal immune function, reducing the impact of infections. Several vitamins and trace elements play an important role in supporting the cells of the immune system, thus increasing the resistance to infections. Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, help sustain optimal function of the immune system. The main aim of this manuscript is to discuss of the potential role of micronutrients supplementation in supporting immunity, particularly against respiratory virus infections. Literature analysis showed that in vitro and observational studies, and clinical trials, highlight the important role of vitamins A, C, and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc in modulating the immune response. Supplementation with vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids and zinc appears to be a safe and low-cost way to support optimal function of the immune system, with the potential to reduce the risk and consequences of infection, including viral respiratory infections. Supplementation should be in addition to a healthy diet and fall within recommended upper safety limits set by scientific expert bodies. Therefore, implementing an optimal nutrition, with micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, might be a cost-effective, underestimated strategy to help reduce the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

scholarly journals The Role of Immune-Related miRNAs in the Pathology of Kidney Transplantation

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198
Author(s):  
Emanuela Boštjančič ◽  
Željka Večerić-Haler ◽  
Nika Kojc
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Regulatory Rna ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Monitoring Response ◽  
Disease Specific

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are members of the non-coding regulatory RNA family that play pivotal roles in physiological and pathological conditions, including immune response. They are particularly interesting as promising therapeutic targets, prognostic and diagnostic markers due to their easy detection in body fluids and stability. There is accumulating evidence that different miRNAs provide disease-specific signatures in liquid samples of distinct kidney injuries. Using experimental models and human samples, there have been numerous suggestions that immune-related miRNAs are also important contributors to the development of different kidney diseases as well as important markers for monitoring response after kidney transplantation. However, there are limited data for understanding their function in the molecular pathways of allograft pathologies. In our review, we focused on microRNAs that are related to different aspects of immune response after kidney transplantation.

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