scholarly journals The Semantic-Discursive Status of comme je l’ai dit ‘as I said’

Kalbotyra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 182-197
Author(s):  
Margarita Rouski
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Oral Discourse ◽  
Referential Process ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Interpersonal Aspect ◽  
Discursive Strategy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Specific Construction

The current paper examines the function of a specific construction comme je l’ai dit and its role in a particular type of oral discourse. The phrase occurs with high frequency in an established discursive genre, namely, debates in the European Parliament (EP). It is presented as a parenthetic construction, including elements with an anaphoric function, and endowed with a specific discursive aim. In order to better understand the raison d’être of this syntactically autonomous form in the specialized corpus, a mixed semantic-discursive approach is adopted. The aim of the study is to highlight the main properties of the construction bearing a particular functionality and to specify its status in discourse from the perspective of the active interlocutor.Given its rather simple morphological paradigm, its rather stereotypical enlargements, and its easy mobility, comme je l’ai dit reveals certain specificities of the referential process. The reference of the anadeictic type causes a sort of “duplication” of the object of discourse and also its reconfiguration. The return to the already said, with the aim of re-modeling it, is in fact accompanied by a re-saying, a repetition of the locutor’s own speech.The interrupting, the going back, the reworking and advancing, involved in the use of the analysed construction, seem to have several implications. The presence of comme je l’ai dit is justified by the speaker’s intention to construct relevant discourse that takes into account intralocutive and interlocutive dialogism. The interruption followed by a relaunch is a signal that redirects the attention of the interlocutor, while the repetition, which is a reminder of the already said, preserves the continuity of the discourse.The two processes set up by comme je l’ai dit, anaphoric reference and repetition, have the function of ensuring the coherence and the continuity of ongoing discourse through the tradeoff between saying, repeating and discursive memory. The importance of adjustments between speaker and interlocutor is the basis of the chosen discursive strategy. The functional perspective brings out the interpersonal aspect of the referential procedure.

scholarly journals Couplinator: A simple computational tool for synthesis of multi-section coupled-line filter based on MPCM-TLM technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
E. Faghand ◽  
S. Karimian ◽  
E. Mehrshahi ◽  
N. Karimian
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Cad Tools ◽  
Coupled Line ◽  
High Frequency Structure Simulator ◽  
Transmission Line Method ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Planar Circuit

Abstract A new simple computational tool is proposed for the synthesis of multi-section coupled-line filters based on combined modified planar circuit method (MPCM) and transmission line method (TLM) analysis, referred to as MPCM-TLM. Due to its fundamentally simple architecture, the presented tool offers significantly faster optimization of coupled-line filters – for exactly the same initial simulation set-up – than other costly commercially-available tools, giving equally reliable results. Validity and accuracy of the proposed tool have been verified through the design of 3rd, 5th, and 7th order coupled-line filters and comparative analysis between results obtained from the proposed approach and the high-frequency structure simulator. A remarkable 99% time reduction in the analysis is recorded in the case of 7th order filter using the proposed tool, for almost identical results to HFSS. Therefore, it can be confidently claimed that the proposed technique can be used as a reliable alternative to existing complex, costly, processor-intensive CAD tools.

scholarly journals An estimate of heterosis in Drosophila melanogaster

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Sved
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Marker Chromosome ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Set Up

SUMMARYTwenty-five population cages of D. melanogaster were set up, each containing a different wild-type second chromosome and the marker chromosome Cy. In all but one case where contamination apparently occurred, the Cy chromosome persisted in the population at high frequency, showing a selective advantage of Cy/ + heterozygotes over wild-type homozygotes. Overall, the results indicate that homozygosity of the entire second chromosome causes a depression in fitness of the order of 85%.

I controlli sulla circolazione dei prodotti alimentari

2009 ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Teresa Babuscio
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Key Words ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
European Regulation ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
White Spaces ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Set Up

- Food controls are a key issue within the European food safety arena. Since 2002 the legislator is constantly improving the control system in order to better achieve the high safety principles contained in the European regulation n.178 and the network set up in it. Thus, the regulation n. 882/2004 is specifically dedicated to food safety controls: it is the main piece of legislation concerning this aspect as it has been adopted by the co-decisions procedure which involves the European Parliament and the Council. Despite that, it left some "white" spaces to be filled by the implementing measures adopted within the so called comitology procedure in which it is the Commission to act as a co-regulator. The latter is currently implementing art. 15.5. of the regulation n. 882/2004 to set up a system of increased controls for food and feed. Key words: food safety; control system; regulation n. 882/2004.

Article 226 TFEU

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul-John Loewenthal
Keyword(s):  
European Parliament ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Set Up

Article 193 EC In the course of its duties, the European Parliament may, at the request of a quarter of its component Members, set up a temporary Committee of Inquiry to investigate, without prejudice to the powers conferred by the Treaties on other institutions or bodies, alleged contraventions or maladministration in the implementation of Union law, except where the alleged facts are being examined before a court and while the case is still subject to legal proceedings.

scholarly journals Competitive interactions between species of freshwater snails: I. Laboratory: Ia. General methodology

1983 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Simões Barbosa ◽  
Dirceu P. Pereira da Costa ◽  
Francisco Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Technical Advance ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Set Up

For the development of laboratory experiments on the competitive interacitons between freshwater snail populations, special snail rooms were set up in the main building of the Research Center "Aggeu Magalhães". In the current paper, the first of a series on this subject, the general methodology of the laboratory work is described in detail. Using indoor cement channels in which a uniform seminatural environment was created, interactions of freshwater snail populations can be studied with minimal interference of the usual variables. Controlled indoor environmental techniques, as described in the current paper, may also be utilized in different types of experiments in malacology, and represent a substantial technical advance in malacological work.

Assessment of detection limits of fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing for detection of illicit connections

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2712-2718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Nienhuis ◽  
Cornelis de Haan ◽  
Jeroen Langeveld ◽  
Martijn Klootwijk ◽  
François Clemens
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Monitoring Equipment ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Frequency Temperature ◽  
Storm Sewer

Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) with fiber-optic cables is a powerful tool to detect illicit connections in storm sewer systems. High-frequency temperature measurements along the in-sewer cable create a detailed representation of temperature anomalies due to illicit discharges. The detection limits of the monitoring equipment itself are well-known, but there is little information available on detection limits for the discovery of illicit connections, as in mixing of sewers, and attenuation also plays an important role. This paper describes the results of full-scale experiments aiming to quantify the detection limits for illicit connections under various sewer conditions. Based on the results, a new monitoring set-up for (partially) filled sewer conduits has been proposed.

A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE INDEX OF REFRACTION OF THIN TRANSPARENT FILMS

1948 ◽  
Vol 26a (4) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
High Frequency Discharge ◽  
Discharge Tubes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fringe System

The index of refraction of thin films deposited on an optical flat is obtained by comparison of the fringe system set up in the film with that in the air gap between the film and another optical flat. The use of the method is illustrated by application to films produced in high frequency discharge tubes. Films produced in Pyrex glass and quartz tubes are shown to be silica in the form of cristobalite. Films produced in polystyrene tubes prove to have an index of refraction that is very low and is a function of the thickness.

scholarly journals The Effects of High-Frequency Residual Currents on the Operation of Residual Current Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
T. M. H. Slangen ◽  
◽  
B. R. F. Lustenhouwer ◽  
V. Cuk ◽  
J. F. G. Cobben
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Residual Current ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Leakage Currents ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Residual Currents ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Frequency Current

This research investigates the effects of high frequency currents between 50 Hz and 150 kHz on the operation of Residual Current Devices (RCDs). Nowadays, the increasing amount of large power-electronic switching devices can be a source of both harmonics (<2 kHz) and supraharmonics (2-150 kHz) currents injected to the grid. This can have several effects and possibly lead to unwanted tripping of RCDs, due to high earth-currents that can be emitted by the devices. The question is if supraharmonics can also lead to misoperation or fail-to-operate conditions for the RCDs, potentially leading to serious safety risks. A set-up is developed to introduce both 50 Hz and highfrequency leakage currents. First, the 50 Hz tripping-current of the RCDs is tested under nominal conditions. Secondly, the tripping current for non-nominal frequencies (between 50 Hz and 150 kHz) is determined to verify the possibility for false tripping. Lastly, the 50 Hz tripping current for the RCD is tested in the presence of a high-frequency current. The most important conclusion is that RCDs of type A and AC have an increased fundamental (50 Hz) tripping current when there are HFcomponents present. This potentially results in a safety risk.

High-frequency absorbance measurements for sediment source apportionment – laboratory and field assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Lake ◽  
Núria Martínez-Carreras ◽  
Peter Shaw ◽  
Adrian Collins
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sediment Source ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Sediment Sources ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Artificial Mixtures

&lt;p&gt;To manage effectively excessive sediment inputs to rivers and streams, it is crucial to have detailed and reliable information on key sediment sources. Such evidence is important for implementing targeted measures for improving ecosystem functioning and meeting environmental objectives. Although sediment fingerprinting is increasingly adopted worldwide to provide such evidence, current procedures do not provide detailed information on how sediment sources can change over both short (e.g., events and in between events) and long (e.g., over seasons or years) time scales. These limitations are mainly due to the conventional methods used for target sediment sampling and the high workloads and costs associated with laboratory analyses for tracers, which limit both high-frequency and longer duration sampling campaigns. To address this issue, we propose the use of a submersible spectrophotometer, which measures absorbance in the UV-VIS range in situ and at high frequency (e.g., minutes) to trace suspended sediment sources. In our proof of concept investigation, the approach was first tested in a laboratory setting, using soil samples and artificial mixtures with known proportions of two, three and four soil source samples in an experimental water tank. A total of six soil samples were collected, which were sieved to different fractions to investigate the influence of particle size on the sensor absorbance readings. Both soil samples and artificial mixtures were suspended in the laboratory tank set-up at different concentrations to investigate the effects on: (i) absorbance, and; (ii) un-mixing accuracy. The results showed that absorbance was linearly additive and could be used to predict dominant samples in the artificial mixtures correctly using a Bayesian tracer un-mixing model, largely regardless of particle size and of the concentration inside the experimental tank. This approach is currently being tested in a field experiment in the Attert River Basin (Luxembourg) to investigate if the results found in the laboratory experiments hold under natural field conditions. Our preliminary insights into the use of absorbance for sediment source apportionment in the field will be presented.&lt;/p&gt;

Forced Vibration of a Clamped Rectangular Plate in Fluid Media

1955 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-572
Author(s):  
Gordon C. K. Yeh ◽  
Johann Martinek
Keyword(s):  
Plane Wave ◽  
Rectangular Plate ◽  
Forced Vibration ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Shape Functions ◽  
Lagrange Equations ◽  
Fluid Media ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Plate Deflection

Abstract Forced vibration of a thin rectangular plate clamped in a rigid infinite baffle is analyzed. The plate is assumed to separate two different fluid media and the vibration is excited by a simple plane wave of high frequency (as compared with c / 2 π ab ) normally incident from one side of the plate. Using the characteristic shape functions, the Lagrange equations of motion of the plate are set up in generalized co-ordinates. The solutions of the equations render series expressions for the plate deflection and an energy-transmission coefficient. Certain numerical results are given.

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