scholarly journals Lėtinės ligos naratyvas: ligos patyrimo prasmės ir tapatumo paieškos

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
Toma Jasiukevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Illness Narrative ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Spiritual Recovery ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Concept Of Illness

Vilniaus universitetasSocialinio darbo katedraUniversiteto g. 9/1, LT-01513VilniusTel. +370 652 489 50El. paštas: [email protected]  Modernioje ir pomodernioje Vakarų sveikatos sociologijoje skiriama nemažai dėmesio tapatumo raiškai analizuoti asmens pasakojimo apie savo lėtinę ligą kontekste ir pačiam ligos patyrimo istorijos pasakojimui. Lietuvoje ši tema nagrinėjama mažiau, todėl šio straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti lėtine liga sergančio asmens tapatumo ir ligos istorijos pasakojimo fenomenų ypatumus ir sąsajas bei vaidmenį ligos dinamikos procese.Straipsnyje, remiantis vėlyvosios modernybės teoretikų su lėtinės ligos patyrimu ir tapatumo kitimu susijusiomis kategorijomis, tapatumas suprantamas kaip tęstinis, dialektinis, sąveikaujant individui ir jo aplinkai vykstantis procesas, kurį refleksijos, savo gyvenimo analizės iratspindėjimo būdu kuria pats asmuo. O apie lėtinės ligos patyrimą galima kalbėti ne tik kaip apie kritinę situaciją, kuri susijusi su pasikeitusiomis kūno galimybėmis ir poveikiu asmens socialiniam tinklui, ar sukeliančią lūžį biografijoje, bet ir kaip apie vieną iš gyvenimo uždavinių, sergančiojo tapatumui suteikiantį naujų pozityvių galimybių. Viena iš tokių galimybių – peržvelgti gyvenimą pasakojant savo ligos istoriją. Ištikus ligai įprastas gyvenimo istorijos pasakojimas gali prarasti savo prasmę ir atsirasti poreikis ligos patirtį sudėlioti į naują biografinio naratyvo seką. Toks naratyvinis tapatumo rekonstravimas suteikia galimybę sąmoningai reflektuoti savo ligos istoriją patiriant vientisą tapatumo jausmą, kuris laikomas asmenybės brandos šerdimi ir reikšmingu centru, suteikiančiu žmogaus gyvenimui prasmę. Toks savo istorijos pasakojimas ne tik padeda atpažinti save savo gyvenimo kontekste, bet ir aktyviai kurti savo tapatumą,taip pat leidžia prisiimti atsakomybę už savo gyvenimą. Todėl naratyvas gali būti laikomas terapine ir prasmės atradimo priemone, skatinančia vidinius bei socialinius integracijos procesus.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: ligos naratyvas, lėtinės ligos patyrimas, tapatumo rekonstravimas.The Narrative of Chronic Illness: a Search for Meaning and IdentityToma Jasiukevičiūtė SummaryThe narrative of chronic illness, which works as therapeutic instrument and as a way of constructing the meaning, and the identity issues in this context attain quite much attention in Western modern and post-modern health sociology. In Lithuania this topic is analyzed less, therefore the aim of this article is to discuss the role of the chronic illness narrative in the dynamics of the illness, with the special focus on the expression of an identity and the importance of creating of a personal meaning.The concept of illness narrative and features of the identity’s changes in the process of creating a narrative of illness are discussed in this article. The development of researches related with the topic of illness narrative and identity as well as its theoretical and methodological aspects are represented. The relation between body’s and social dimensions of identity in the process of a chronic illness are revealed. The concept of narrative is introduced as a reflective way to reconstruct ones identity while recovering from chronic illness and also the narrative is represented as therapeutic tool, which supports psychological, social and spiritual recovery.

Grief, photography and meaning making: A psychological constructivist approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110154
Author(s):  
Belén Jiménez-Alonso ◽  
Ignacio Brescó de Luna
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Continuing Bonds ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Social Constructivist Approach

This article examines the value of using photography as both a methodological and therapeutic tool for the construction – and study – of meanings after a death-related loss. A study case, consisting of narratives of mourning elicited through a personal photo diary and a follow-up interview, will be analysed in light of five key advantages of using photography to study grief experiences according to a social constructivist approach. These advantages are (1) agency in the search for meaning; (2) the role of photography as a tool for scaffolding narratives of loss; (3) the role of photography in preserving the continuing bonds with the deceased; (4) the role of photography as technology of the self for emotional self-regulation and (5) photography as a process in the reviewing of the contextualised experience.

The Role of Psychosocial Factors in Chronic Illness: What we can Learn from Asthma

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Smyth ◽  
Jill Hockemeyer ◽  
Adam Hurewitz ◽  
Arthur A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Psychosocial Factors

FAITH–BASED COMMUNITIES AND POLITICS IN DULLSTROOM-EMNOTWENI: LOCAL STORIES OF IDENTITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Landman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
The Face

A majority of the black community of Dullstroom-Emnotweni in the Mpumalanga highveld in the east of South Africa trace their descent back to the southern Ndebele of the so-called ‘Mapoch Gronden’, who lost their land in the 1880s to become farm workers on their own land. A hundred years later, in 1980, descendants of the ‘Mapoggers’ settled in the newly built ‘township’ of Dullstroom, called Sakhelwe, finding jobs on the railways or as domestic workers. Oral interviews with the inhabitants of Sakhelwe – a name eventually abandoned in favour of Dullstroom- Emnotweni – testify to histories of transition from landowner to farmworker to unskilled labourer. The stories also highlight cultural conflicts between people of Ndebele, Pedi and Swazi descent and the influence of decades of subordination on local identities. Research projects conducted in this and the wider area of the eMakhazeni Local Municipality reveal the struggle to maintain religious, gender and youth identities in the face of competing political interests. Service delivery, higher education, space for women and the role of faith-based organisations in particular seem to be sites of contestation. Churches and their role in development and transformation, where they compete with political parties and state institutions, are the special focus of this study. They attempt to remain free from party politics, but are nevertheless co-opted into contra-culturing the lack of service delivery, poor standards of higher education and inadequate space for women, which are outside their traditional role of sustaining an oppressed community.

Can the Lewis basicity of an isolated solvent molecule be used for characterizing solvent effects?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Gal ◽  
Pierre-Charles Maria
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Effects ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Solvent Molecule ◽  
Lewis Base ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Donor Number ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Solution Processes ◽  
Inert Solvent

Background: The ubiquitous Lewis acid/base interactions are important in solution processes. Analytical chemistry may benefit of a better understanding of the role of Lewis basicity, at the molecular level or acting through a bulk solvent effect. Objective: To clearly delineate (i) the basicity at a molecular level, hereafter referred as solute basicity, and (ii) the solvent basicity, which is a bulk-liquid property. Method: The literature that relates Lewis basicity scales and solvent effects is analyzed. A special focus is placed on two extensive scales, the Donor Number, DN, and the BF3 affinity scale, BF3A, which were obtained by calorimetric measurement on molecules as solutes diluted in a quasi-inert solvent, and therefore define a molecular Lewis basicity. We discuss the validity of these solute scales when regarded as solvent scales, in particular when the basicity of strongly associated liquids is discussed. Results: We demonstrate the drawbacks of confusing the Lewis basicity of a solvent molecule, isolated as solute, and that of the bulk liquid solvent itself. Conclusion: Consequently, we recommend a reasoned use of the concept of Lewis basicity taking clearly into account the specificity of the process for which a Lewis basicity effect may be invoked. In particular, the action of the Lewis base, either as an isolated entity, or as a bulk liquid, must be distinguished.

scholarly journals Hypoxia, Acidification and Inflammation: Partners in Crime in Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis?

Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Johannes Burtscher ◽  
Grégoire P. Millet
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Research Fields

Like in other neurodegenerative diseases, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Differentiating characteristics of PD include the central role of α-synuclein in the aggregation pathology, a distinct vulnerability of the striato-nigral system with the related motor symptoms, as well as specific mitochondrial deficits. Which molecular alterations cause neurodegeneration and drive PD pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we summarize evidence of the involvement of three interdependent factors in PD and suggest that their interplay is likely a trigger and/or aggravator of PD-related neurodegeneration: hypoxia, acidification and inflammation. We aim to integrate the existing knowledge on the well-established role of inflammation and immunity, the emerging interest in the contribution of hypoxic insults and the rather neglected effects of brain acidification in PD pathogenesis. Their tight association as an important aspect of the disease merits detailed investigation. Consequences of related injuries are discussed in the context of aging and the interaction of different brain cell types, in particular with regard to potential consequences on the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. A special focus is put on the identification of current knowledge gaps and we emphasize the importance of related insights from other research fields, such as cancer research and immunometabolism, for neurodegeneration research. The highlighted interplay of hypoxia, acidification and inflammation is likely also of relevance for other neurodegenerative diseases, despite disease-specific biochemical and metabolic alterations.

scholarly journals 26.A. Workshop: Assessing the role of policies and actions to address childhood obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The Impact

Abstract   Childhood obesity has grown to become one of the most dramatic features of the global obesity epidemic, with long-term consequences. The spread of obesity has been fueled by changes in social norms and living environments that have shaped individual behaviours making them conducive to excessive and imbalanced nutrition, sedentary lifestyles, and ultimately obesity and associated diseases. The STOP project will aim to generate scientifically sound, novel and policy-relevant evidence on the factors that have contributed to the spread of childhood obesity in European countries and on the effects of alternative technological and organisational solutions and policy options available to address the problem. STOP will translate the evidence gathered and generated into indicators and measurements, policy briefs and toolkits and multi-stakeholder frameworks. A special focus of STOP is understanding the stakeholders' networks and drivers of stakeholders' action. STOP will establish new ways for policy-relevant evidence to be generated, made available and used in the design and implementation of effective and sustainable solutions for childhood obesity at the EU, national and local levels. Each of the policy work packages will: Produce evidence syntheses and impact simulations for different policy approaches;Assess selected policy approaches and actions in children cohorts and other relevant settings;Devise policy toolkits and policy guidance to support the adoption and implementation of specific actions by relevant actors;Establish a country-based European accountability and monitoring framework in each policy area. The workshop aims to: Showcase the impact of different policy options evaluated throughout the STOP project;Increase participants' understanding and awareness of the opportunities and challenges associated with the implementation of selected policies;Increase awareness of public health professionals of the importance of overcoming siloes in identifying and implementing public health policies;Increase the understanding of multi-stakeholder engagement. The discussion will explore the role of stakeholders across different policy areas. We will explore the different definitions of “stakeholders” and “multi-stakeholders” engagement. This will also be an opportunity to explore some of the benefits, risks and challenges around stakeholder engagement, and explore what are the different types of stakeholders involved in these policies as well as their roles. The workshop will offer an opportunity to: Inform participants about existing physical activity, regulatory and fiscal policies to address childhood obesity;Inform participants about new, innovative EU-level projects that aim to address childhood obesity;Outline preliminary findings of the STOP project with regards to the effectiveness of the evaluated policies;Identify some of the gaps and limitations of existing policies and discuss some of the steps to ensure successful policy implementation. Key messages Present new evidence on what policy approaches work in addressing key determinants of childhood obesity. Showcase findings on the attitudes of different stakeholders towards obesity policies, and debate the benefits, risks and challenges of multi-stakeholder engagement.

scholarly journals Erythrocytes: Central Actors in Multiple Scenes of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5843
Author(s):  
Chloé Turpin ◽  
Aurélie Catan ◽  
Olivier Meilhac ◽  
Emmanuel Bourdon ◽  
François Canonne-Hergaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Plaque Progression ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Circulating Cells ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

The development and progression of atherosclerosis (ATH) involves lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and both vascular and blood cell dysfunction. Erythrocytes, the main circulating cells in the body, exert determinant roles in the gas transport between tissues. Erythrocytes have long been considered as simple bystanders in cardiovascular diseases, including ATH. This review highlights recent knowledge concerning the role of erythrocytes being more than just passive gas carriers, as potent contributors to atherosclerotic plaque progression. Erythrocyte physiology and ATH pathology is first described. Then, a specific chapter delineates the numerous links between erythrocytes and atherogenesis. In particular, we discuss the impact of extravasated erythrocytes in plaque iron homeostasis with potential pathological consequences. Hyperglycaemia is recognised as a significant aggravating contributor to the development of ATH. Then, a special focus is made on glycoxidative modifications of erythrocytes and their role in ATH. This chapter includes recent data proposing glycoxidised erythrocytes as putative contributors to enhanced atherothrombosis in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Foam Cells as Therapeutic Targets in Atherosclerosis with a Focus on the Regulatory Roles of Non-Coding RNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2529
Author(s):  
Amin Javadifar ◽  
Sahar Rastgoo ◽  
Maciej Banach ◽  
Tannaz Jamialahmadi ◽  
Thomas P. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Atherosclerosis is a major cause of human cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality around the world. Various physiological and pathological processes are involved, including chronic inflammation, dysregulation of lipid metabolism, development of an environment characterized by oxidative stress and improper immune responses. Accordingly, the expansion of novel targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis is necessary. In this study, we focus on the role of foam cells in the development of atherosclerosis. The specific therapeutic goals associated with each stage in the formation of foam cells and the development of atherosclerosis will be considered. Processing and metabolism of cholesterol in the macrophage is one of the main steps in foam cell formation. Cholesterol processing involves lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification and cholesterol efflux, which ultimately leads to cholesterol equilibrium in the macrophage. Recently, many preclinical studies have appeared concerning the role of non-encoding RNAs in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Non-encoding RNAs, especially microRNAs, are considered regulators of lipid metabolism by affecting the expression of genes involved in the uptake (e.g., CD36 and LOX1) esterification (ACAT1) and efflux (ABCA1, ABCG1) of cholesterol. They are also able to regulate inflammatory pathways, produce cytokines and mediate foam cell apoptosis. We have reviewed important preclinical evidence of their therapeutic targeting in atherosclerosis, with a special focus on foam cell formation.

scholarly journals Transnational Lived Citizenship – The Case of the Eritrean Diaspora

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Tanja R. Müller ◽  
Milena Belloni
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Diaspora Studies ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Key Questions

This special focus section analyses state–diaspora relationships with a focus on the case of Eritrea, a paradigmatic example, as we show in this introduction, to elaborate on the following key questions: What determines loyalty between diaspora and the state? How can we understand the dynamics of co-optation, loyalty, and resistance that characterise many diaspora–state relationships? What is the role of historical events and memory in building alliances as well as divides among different generations and different groups in the diaspora? How do diaspora citizens interpret and enact their citizenship in everyday practices of engagement? By engaging with both citizenship and diaspora studies, this introduction shows the significance of analysing these questions through the lens of “transnational lived citizenship.” This concept enables a look at the intersections between formal aspects of citizenship as well as the emotional and practical aspects related to feelings of belonging, transnational attitudes, and circulation of material cultures.

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